Ama-eggplant kukhona izihlobo eziseduze zika utamatisi namazambane. Khulisa eMoldova, eTranscaucasia, e-Ukraine, ezindaweni eziseningizimu zaseRussia naseCentral Asia. Ekudleni abasebenzisa izithelo zesitshalo. Ama-eggplants ekheniwe, abilisiwe, asetshenziswe, ashukela, aphekwa yi-caviar okuphekwe kuwo. Izitsha ezivela kubo zondla futhi ziwusizo kakhulu.
Iyini isitshalo seqanda esiwusizo?
Ama-eggplant aqukethe amavithamini weqembu B, i-vitamin PP, i-ascorbic acid, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-calcium, i-magnesium, insimbi, i-sodium. Amanani amancane aqukethe manganese, ithusi, i-aluminium, i-zinc, i-cobalt.
Ama-eggplants, ngenxa ye-pectin ne-targonic acids, ama-salate e-potassium, anesandla ekususeni kwe-cholesterol egazini, kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo sokuqina kwesifo somzimba. Nika isandla ekusimeni kwesibindi. Ngokuqukethwe kwabo kwe-calcium, ziphakeme kunezingqimba, isanqante, anyanisi, pepper, ikhabe. Sinomthelela omuhle wokuzivocavoca.
Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ukhukhamba ensimini evulekile kusayithi lakho.
Lapha ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nezimfihlo zokutshala izihlahla zezithelo.
I-Technique ukweba kusuka izinyosi //rusfermer.net/bee/rabota-s-pchelami/podkormka-pchel/podkormka-pchely-vorovki.html
Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ukhukhamba ensimini evulekile kusayithi lakho.Izidingo eziyisisekelo zenhlabathi yokutshala isitshalo seqanda
Ama-eggplants athande inhlabathi evundile. Ngakho-ke, uma ugoba inhlabathi wengeza umquba owenziwe ngamanzi nezimbiwa. Uma inhlabathi ikhula ngokwayo, khona-ke kuphela ama-humus namaminerali amaminerali ayengezwa kuwo. Ama-eggplants akhule kahle enhlabathini elula. Kubunjwa emhlabathini obunzima obunzima, futhi lokhu akusiyo njalo isitshalo.
Isitshalo seqanda sinezimpande ezinamandla kakhulu. Kuyinto ngesikhathi sokufaka umanyolo ukuthi kugcizelelwa nge-potassium. Ngokuthuthukiswa okubuthakathaka kweziqu zesitshalo, kubalulekile ukwandisa inani le-nitrogen kabili. Izinga le-acidity yenhlabathi liyi-6.5-7.2. ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-magnesium emhlabathini, lesi sitshalo singahlakulela kabi, ngakho-ke kudingeka uhlole ukuthi ubukhona bayo.
Isitshalo seqanda. Ukukhula kusuka enzalweni
Ama-eggplants akhuthazelele ukufakelwa kwezitshalo esikhundleni sokungasebenzi kahle, njengoba le nqubo ihlangabezana nesistimu yayo. Kunconywa ukuthi ukhule izithombo ngqo kwizimbiza ze-peat, hhayi ukuzitholela ekukhethweni. Uma usadingeka udilize isitshalo, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha okukhulu.
Ukwandisa isitshalo seqanda sesitshalo futhi uyamnakekela
Ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15 emva kokutshala, imbewu yeqanda isivele ihluma. Izithombo ezikhulayo ngaphandle kokukhipha kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-40-45; lapho ukhetha - izinsuku ezingu- 50-60. Ukuze kuhlume imbewu enhle, isitshalo sidinga ukushisa kwomoya okungama-22-26 degrees Celsius. Lapho amahlumela okuqala evela, izinga lokushisa liyancipha lifinyelele ku-13-16 degrees Celsius. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni kahle uhlelo lwempande, baba namandla, futhi amahlumela awasulwa. Ngemuva kwamazinga okushisa amahlanu noma ayisithupha kufanele akhuliswe abe ngaphezu kwama-20-25 degrees. Lokhu lokushisa kufanele kugcinwe kuze kube yilapho kutshalwa phansi. Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, isitshalo kufanele sibe lukhuni yilanga. Kuze kube sekugcineni, izimbiza zezitshalo ze-eggplant zikhishwa elangeni imizuzu engu-10-15. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu ezimbili noma kathathu.
Ukutshala izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, isakhiwo sibhalwe kuqala futhi senziwe izimbobo (ukutshala izindawo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngu-45-50 cm, phakathi kwezitshalo ngqo emgqeni - 25-30 cm. Amanzi kusuka kwamanye amalitha amathathu kufanele athululelwe emithonjeni elungiselelwe. Esikhathini oswakanyiswe ngokushesha ngokushesha izithombo batshala. Khona-ke imithombo ihlanganiswe umhlaba owomile. Lokhu kunomthelela ekubanjeni okuhle kwezitshalo, kanye nokusinda kwayo. Ukunisela izithombo kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
Isitshalo seqanda esikhulayo futhi sinakekele
Ukukhula nokunakekela isitshalo seqanda kukudla, ukuchelela nokucubungula kusuka kokhula.
Ukutshala isitshalo seqanda
Ngesikhathi ukukhula kwesitshalo kwenza 3-5 ukugqoka. Emasontweni amabili kuya kwamatsatfu emva kokutshala izithombo zondla kuqala. Ama-eggplants awadingi ukudla kwangaphambili, ngoba uhlelo lwaso lwempande lusathuthukile kabi, olusakwazi ukukhipha izakhi eziwusizo.
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwesithelo, ukufaka umquba kumanyolo kuqhutshwa ngamaminerali anamanzi. Lapho isithelo sibonakala, ukufaka umquba kumanyolo kwenziwa nge-nitrogen-phosphate fertilizer: ku-10 amalitha amanzi, isipuni esisodwa se-superphosphate nesipuni esisodwa se-ammonium nitrate sihlanjululwe. Ukuze kulungiswe kangcono i-superphosphate emanzini, kungcono ukudweba ihood kuyo. Ama-organic fertilizer akhuthaza ukukhula kwesitshalo, ngakho-ke kudingeka adluliselwe ngokulinganisela.
Bioud - Umanyolo owenziwe nge-mullein futhi unconywa ukuba usebenzise abalimi abaningi. Uyikhiphe ku-1:20.
Izithako ze-organic kanye nezamaminerali kufanele zenziwe ngezinye izindlela. Ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwesitshalo seqanda kufanele kube nosuku lwe-12-15 emva kokutshala wenze izimpande zokugqoka. Phakathi nesitshalo seqanda se-fruiting, kutuswa ukuba ufafaze inhlabathi ngomlotha. Uma lesi sitshalo singaluqhakazi kahle, khona-ke sihlanzwa nge-bonic acid, esoncibilika emanzini ashisayo. Ubuningi obuhlaza obuningi besitshalo bubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-potassium emhlabathini, ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezimpofu - ukungabi ne-nitrogen. Umsoco we-Foliar wesitshalo ophethe ama-microelements wenziwa ngezulu elimanzi nelipholile.
Ukunisela isitshalo seqanda
Ukuphuza izitshalo kuhle kakhulu njalo, ngoba isitshalo seqanda iyisitshalo esinomswakama. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi kuholela ekwehleni kwezithelo nezimbali zesitshalo, kanye nokuyeka ukuthuthukiswa. Isitshalo seqanda samanzi kufanele sibe ngamanzi afudumele. Ukushisa kwamanzi kufanele kube okungenani ama-degrees angu-20. Emva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini, isitshalo seqanda kuqala sisela amanzi ngosuku lwesihlanu. Ngemuva kokunisela kwenziwa kanye ngesonto. Uma isimo sezulu sesishisa futhi somile, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kaningi. Namanzi isitshalo ngaphansi komsuka ukuze iziqu namaqabunga ahlale esomile.
Ukucubungula isitshalo seqanda
Ukucubungula isiko kuhilela ukukhipha phakathi kwemigqa nokulawula ukhula. Isitshalo seqanda - isiko le-thermophilic. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenkathi yokukhula kubalulekile ukuba uhlakulele njalo ukuhlukaniswa kwemigqa. Ikhuthaza ukufudumala kwenhlabathi okuhle. Inqubo yokukhipha phakathi kwemigqa yenkathi iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4-5. Imvelo yenhlabathi kanye nezimo zezulu zingathinta imvamisa yokulima. Ukukhishwa kokuqala kwemigqa kufanele kuqhutshwe ekujuleni kwe-8-10 cm, kamuva - 10-12 cm. Ikhwalithi yenhlabathi ithinta ukujula kokukhululeka. Emhlabathini omanzi futhi omanzi, ukukhishwa okokuqala kuqhutshwa ngamasentimitha ayisithupha ukuya kwangu-8 ngosuku lwesithathu emva kokutshala, kamuva ngo-8-12 cm.
Ukuthenga nokuthutha izinyosi kuphezu kwesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthenga izinyosi.
Futhi lapha //rusfermer.net/bee/info/biology/stroenie-pchely.html uzothola zonke izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu mayelana nesakhiwo sezinyosikazikazi.
Ukuthenga nokuthutha izinyosi kuphezu kwesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthenga izinyosi.Isitshalo seqanda esikhulayo ensimini evulekile
Ngokushesha nje lapho ukuphakama kwesiqu ezinhlobonhlobo eziqinile futhi ezinamandla zesitshalo seqanda sekufinyelele ku-30 cm, isitshalo kumele siboshwe. Lokhu kufanele kucabangele ukuthi lesi sitshalo sizokhula, futhi ukuqina kwesitshalo saso kuzokwandisa. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlangana, shiya indawo yokugcina isitshalo. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, ama-eggplant enza ama-stalks amathathu. Ngokushesha nje lapho amahlumela okuqala kanye anamandla okwenziwa isitshalo seqanda asungulwa, kufanele ahlanganiswe ne-trellis. Inqubo iphindwe kabili noma kathathu ngesonto. Kuxhomeke ekukhuleni kwesitshalo. Uhlangothi olusele luhlasela ngokuphakama kwamamitha angaphansi kweyodwa kufanele lususwe. Le nqubo yinkimbinkimbi kunayo yonke. Amahlumela engeziwe ehlobo futhi ungashiya, kodwa izokwehlisa izinga lokukhula kwesitshalo, futhi liholele ekwakheni izithelo ezengeziwe. Ukuze kunciphise "ukuqina" kwalesi sitshalo, amaqabunga amabili amancane asuswa eduze kwawo.
Okunye ukukhiqizwa kwesitshalo okusebenzayo:
- ukufaka izimbali zesibili;
- ukukhululwa kwe-fetus kusuka ekhayeni le-petal.
Lezi zinto zinciphisa ukubukeka kwe-gray gray. Ukuze unciphise ubukhulu bamaqabunga, kufanele aqedwe. Ukuvela kwamahlumela wesibili kufanele kususwe ngokushesha.
Izinhlobo ezincane ezikhulayo zezitshalo zeqanda nemifino ekunakekeleni kulula kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo, ezimbili noma ezintathu zohlu oluqinile kunawo wonke zikhethiwe, kanti ezinye zikhishwa. Wonke amahlumela namaqabunga nawo asuswa esiteshini esikhulu. Ama-shrub ahlanza amaqabunga aphuzi namagciwane, kanye nezithelo ezinokukhubazeka. Ekupheleni kwenkathi udinga ukuchofoza phezulu kweziqu, ushiya ama-ovari amancane amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa. Futhi isuswe ekupheleni kwenkathi futhi ivela ezimbali zezimila. Ukunamathela ngokuqinile kulezi zindlela kukuvumela ukuba uthole izithelo ezinhle nezinkulu. Ukususwa kwezimbali ezivela esitshalweni akusho ukuthi kuholele ekushintsheni komkhiqizo.
Ngingathanda ukunaka ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi uma ukhula isitshalo akufanele ulandele ngokungaqondile yonke imiyalelo engenhla. Kungcono ukugcina isitshalo nokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uqonde kangcono lokho akushoyo ngesikhathi esisodwa noma enye yentuthuko yakhe. Futhi umphumela wokubheka kwakho nokusebenza kwakho kuzoba isivuno esiphakeme, esiwusizo nesikhulu.
