Yehlisa i-fir yokuhlobisa endaweni yami, udinga ukulungele ukuthi kungathinteka izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Abalimi abaningi bayazi ukuthi izinambuzane zichitha izihlahla ze-coniferous ngenxa yamafutha abalulekile athola amagxolo nezinaliti. Kodwa-ke, kunezinambuzane eziningi ezingesabi iphunga elimnyama futhi zingalimaza kakhulu isitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezilokazane ze-spruce nokuthi singabhekana kanjani nazo.
Ukuphuza izinambuzane kudla
Uhlu lwezidumbu luyatholakala yizinambuzane ezondla uketshezi lwesitshalo, okwenza kube nomonakalo omkhulu. Umonakalo obangelwayo uhlukahluka kuye ngokuthi abantu base koloni ye-aphid noma isicabucabu esifanayo, okuyinto inqwaba engakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele isihlahla.
Shchitovka nesihlangu samanga
Inhlamba evamile evamile yezitshalo zasendlini ingaba nomthelela emathonjeni. Isihlangu yisinambuzane esincane esise-superfamily yezibungu. Le nkathazo ithole igama layo ngenxa yobuncane begobolondo elihlanganisa umzimba wayo wonke.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-shchitovki noma i-sham-proofer, le nambuzane izodlalisa izitshalo ezahlukene (i-orange shchitovka - citrus); i-shchitovik-pin).
Kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi amafulege kanye nezihlangu zamanga zinombono ohlukile. Ngaphandle kokuthi bangabanikazi bemindeni ehlukile, bahluke futhi ekuhlelweni (igobolondo liyingxenye yomzimba womlindi wamanga, futhi uhlukaniswe esikalini).
Kulesi simo, isitshalo sakho singashaya i-spruce defroster. Lesi yisinambuzane esincane esiyiphilisi esithinta i-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka novamile. Ihlala esihlahleni ngamaqembu abantu abangu-4-8. Isici sokwemvelo se-spruce ukuvikelwa kwamanga yisigqoko segobolondo (isifuba esisibhakabhaka noma esincane) namasayizi omzimba omncane kakhulu - kufika ku-6 mm. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lona wesifazane ubeka amaqanda anemibala engama-3 000, ephakathi kwehlobo ephenduka izimpungushe futhi anamathele emifinini yesitshalo noma engxenyeni engezansi yomuthi. Ngo-Okthoba, izibungu ziba ngabantu abadala futhi zikhule isikhunta.
Uyazi? Ezimweni ezimbi, abakwa-scammers abesilisa abaningi bazalwa, ezimweni ezinhle, abesifazane bazalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesilisa banamaphiko futhi bangabaleka kwezinye izitshalo, lapho kukhona khona ukudla okuningi.
Ungaqiniseka ukuthi isihlahla sase-spruce sishaywa isihlangu samanga, ungaba ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Imfihlo encane (i-liquide) ezinaliti nasamahlumela;
- ama-tubercles amancane ahlangene emahlumela, okuyizikhalazo ezindala;
- ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesitshalo esincane;
- ukwehla izinaliti noma izinso.
Uma izingane zidlala eduze kwesihlahla noma izilwane ezifuywayo ziyasebenza, kungcono ukuqala ukwelashwa usebenzisa izindlela zomuntu eziqinisekisiwe. Isihlangu singasuswa ngendlela ngokumisa indwangu ngotshwala namanzi asozini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha ama-5 g amanzi ashisayo bese uthatha i-75 g yesepha elimanzi kanye no-50 ml we-alcohol e-denatured.
Kubalulekile! Imfihlo abaphikisi bamanga abahlukanisayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-padya. I-fungus emnyama ihlezi kulolu ketshezi olumnandi, olwandisa umsebenzi wesihlangu samanga.
Uma ikoloni yesihlangu samanga inabantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, ukuhlanzwa okulula ngeke kusize. Ukubhujiswa okuphelele kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali kusho: "Aktara", "Aktellik", "Phosbecid", "Admiral", "Biotlin", "Confido Extra".
Ukuze i-parasite ibhujiswe ngokuphelele, kuyadingeka ukuba uphese ngesihlahla se-spruce ngezikhathi eziningana, ngenkathi usebenzisa ama-insecticide ahlukene ukuze uzuze umphumela omuhle kakhulu.
I-aphid yesi-spruce
Ama-aphid yizinambuzane eziyinhloko ze-spruce. I-aphid yesi-spruce ayethuki ngephunga lamafutha abalulekile, futhi ihlala ezinkulungwaneni zamakholomu esihlahleni. Lezi zinambuzane zinezinga lobubanzi obufinyelela ku-2 mm futhi lihlalisa i-Sitkhinskaya, i-prickly ne-spruce yaseSerbia. I-Aphid incane kakhulu kangangokuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyibona ngaphandle kweglasi yokukhulisa. Ukunqothula i-spruce kungabonakala ngamabala aphuzi esihlahleni. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi lesi sitshalo sihlupheka ngenxa ye-aphid, ungasebenzisa amakhadibhodi amhlophe noma iphepha, elifakwe ngaphansi kwegatsha futhi ubambe kuso kancane. Futhi phezu kwezinaliti namahlumela angase avele i-plaque enamathelayo, eheha izintuthwane.
Uma ubona zonke izimpawu zomsebenzi obalulekile we-aphid emthini wakho, khona-ke kuyaphuthuma ukuqala ukulwa nalesi sifo. Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngokubhujiswa kwama-aphid, kufanelekile ukukhumbula isizathu sokuvela kwenambuzane. Ama-aphid adla izihlahla ezifisa ama-fir, nezintuthwane zidla ama-aphid amnandi futhi ziwasebenzise njengemfuyo. Kulokhu kulandela ukuthi, ngaphezu kwama-aphid, kubalulekile ukulwa nezintuthwane.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuthulula noma ukusihliza i-spruce ngamanzi asosi, gcoba izimpande, ngaphandle kwalokho isihlahla sizohlupheka kakhulu ezintweni ezakha isepha.
Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uqale ukulwa nezindlela zomuntu ukuze uzivikele wena nezilwane ezifuywayo kusuka ezintweni ezinobuthi:
1. Ukusebenzisa isobho le-potash eluhlaza, ungabhubhisa i-aphid encane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qeda ucezu lwesepha ku-1 litre lamanzi uphinde ugaxe izindawo ezithintekile ngesisombululo esilandelayo.
2. Ukuqeda ama-aphid, ungasebenzisa amagxolo e-citrus. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-300-400 g we-crusts athulule ilitha elilodwa lamanzi abilayo bese uvumela ukuthi lime izinsuku ezingu-3-4 endaweni emnyama (kodwa hhayi emakhazeni). Ukukhulelwa okudingekayo kudingeke ukuba uphefe ngokuphelele isihlahla.
3. Ugwayi nogwayi besabisa ama-aphid akubi nakakhulu kunezinambuzane. Ukuthola umuthi esiwugcoba u-150-200 g wegwayi ku-5 amalitha amanzi ngosuku. Ngokuqhubekayo kusuka ku-spray sifaka isitshalo esibulalayo.
Uma i-aphid ikhukhulile yonke amahlumela esihlahla noma i-spruce yakho ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungenakukhuphuka, khona-ke izinambuzane zisetshenziswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amathuluzi alandelayo: "Arrivo", "iKarate", "Neoron" ne "Aktellik". Uma kuphela amagatsha ayisithupha noma amabili ethinteka ngama-aphid, khona-ke angadliwa ukuze avimbele ukusabalalisa okuqhubekayo kwe-parasite. Njengoba izintuthwane zihanjiswa esihlahleni yizintuthwane, ungakwazi ukugoqa ingxenye engezansi ye-trunk nge-tray tape ukuthi izinambuzane azikwazi ukunqoba. Uma le ndlela ingakusizi, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo: "Delic", "Muracid" ne "Anteater".
I-aphid yomsuka
Le nkathazo kunzima ukubona, ngoba lesi sifo sifike endaweni yethu.
Kubalulekile! Umsuka we-aphid uhlukile kakhulu ojwayelekile, ngakho-ke izindlela zokubhekana nazo zizohluka.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-aphid ziphazamisa ngesi-spruce: i-honeysuckle (kulokhu, i-spruce isitshalo esiphakathi) kanye nezimpande ze-spruce. I-Honeysuckle aphid iyathakazelisa ngoba ifaka i-honeysuckle ne-spruce. Umiyane wesifazane ubeka amaqanda entwasahlobo e-honeysuckle, kanti ehlobo ngesihlahla sase-spruce. Kulesi simo, izitshalo kumele zibe sesiseduze, kungenjalo i-aphid ye-honeysuckle ngeke ihambisane nomuthi wesihlahla sase-spruce.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile isihlahla sizohlushwa yi-aphid. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane ezifinyelela ku-3 mm ubude bunombala ovela kusuka obala ophuzi kuya obala obomvu. Kulesi simo, i-aphid yensikazi inamaphiko, ngakho-ke ingakwazi ukuthwala izibungu ngezindawo ezide. Ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uhlala emathunjini omhlabathi, okuyinto ephazamisa izimpande ezincane zomzimba zesitshalo. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, izibungu ziba ngabantu abadala. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, abesifazane baqala ukuhamba baye eminye imithi bese bebeka amaqanda (lokhu kudoti cishe kufana njalo).
Ukwazi kanjani ukuthi isihlahla sase-spruce sithinteka yi-aphid yempande? Uma lesi sitshalo siphelile, sibonakala sinyama, siqala ukubola noma soma futhi ayikho i-parasite engxenyeni engenhla, kusho ukuthi usebenzisana ne-aphid impande.
Ukuze unqobe impande ye-aphid kungaba izindlela ezihlukahlukene:
- i-agrotechnology;
- amakhemikhali;
- eziphilayo.
Ake siqale ngezindlela ze-agrotechnology ezingafaki ukuthengwa kwezidakamizwa noma ukukhiqizwa kwazo:
- Bhubhisa wonke ukhula eduze kwesihlahla. Ikakhulukazi i-henbane, i-corn kanye nenkukhu yamagciwane, njengoba ikhona kulezi zitshalo ukuthi ama-aphid avame ukukhula.
- Ukulahla yonke imfucuza (izimpande, amahlumela, amaqabunga) eduze kwesihlahla sase-spruce.
Izindlela zamakhemikhali zizosiza ukubhubhisa noma yiziphi izilonda, kodwa ziyingozi kubantu nezilwane. Ukuze uthole izimpande ze-aphid zokulinda usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjalo: "Aktara", "Mospilan", "Dantop". Kukhona ukhetho oluphakathi phakathi kwezinambuzane eziphephile zemvelo, okungukuthi: "Bowerin", "Akarin", "Guapsin" no "Fufanon". Lawa angama-pesticidal fungal kanye nama-bacterium enza ukukhubazeka kwesimiso sezinzwa kuma-aphid futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuphephile kubantu.
Hermes
Uma ubuzwa ukuthi iziphi izinambuzane ezivame ukwanda ngesiguli bese udla izinaliti zidliwe, khona-ke ungaphendula ngokuphepha ukuthi yiHermes. I-Hermes yizinhlobo ze-aphid ezihlala kuphela kuma-conifers. Lezi zinambuzane zihlala e-larch, fir, ngesi-spruce nezinaliti. 
Isitshalo esinegciwane sigcwele ama-white patches, njengokungathi kwakunamapulangwe neqhwa. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akukwenzeka ebusika, kodwa phakathi kwentwasahlobo. Amachashazi amhlophe afaka ukuthi ukumboza ama-parasite emonakalweni kanye nezinguquko zokushisa okungazelelwe.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sendiza eya kwenye indawo, izembozo ezimhlophe ziwa, kanti izinambuzane zinzima ukubona, ngoba umbala wazo wemvelo uvela emnyama kuze kube mnyama.
Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi uma unemithi eminingi ye-coniferous esakhiweni, ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwesitshalo esisodwa, i-Hermes izohamba kwenye, ngoba izinhlobo eziningi zalesi sifo siyizinambuzane ezifudukayo. Uma i-herme isakazekele kuso sonke isitshalo, khona-ke ezindaweni zokuqoqwa okukhulu kwegciwane, izinaliti ziqala ukuphenduka futhi ziwe, amahlumela asuke ekhubazekile futhi esomile.
Kubalulekile! Lezi zinambuzane zikhetha ukutshalalisa izitshalo ezibuthakathaka noma lezo ezikhula ezimweni ezingathandeki.
Ukuqeda inkathazo kunzima kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kwehlobo, uma kungenjalo akwanele ukuthi izimpungushe ziyolimaza kakhulu isitshalo, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukundiza ezihlahleni ezithandanayo ze-coniferous. Okokuqala, amahlumela esihlahla ahlanjululwa ngamanzi amaningi ngaphansi kwengcindezi eqinile. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe izikhathi eziningana ukugeza isibalo esiphezulu sezilwane. Ngemuva kokuthi "ukwelashwa kwamanzi" udinga ukuhlola umuthi. Uma uthola amaqoqo amakhulu kumagatsha athile, ke kungcono ukusika nokushisa. Uma wonke umuthi uhlanganiswa ngamachashazi amhlophe, sebenzisa izinambuzane ("Fufanon", "Aktellik", "Aktara", "Commander", "Iskra"). Ukwengeza kulezi zindlela, ungaphinda uphathe i-spruce ngokumiswa kwamaminerali (100-150 ml ngamalitha angu-5 amanzi). Isihlahla kumele sithathwe ngokuphelele ukuze sithole umphumela omkhulu.
Uyazi? Kunezinhlobo zeHermes, ezenza ukuba lesi sitshalo senze "i-nursery" yezibungu zazo. Esihlahleni sikhula i-bump engajwayelekile, efana nesithelo se-ananas. Kuyo bukhoma izimpungushe bese udla kuze kufike ukuvuthwa okugcwele.
I-Spruce Moth
I-spruce leafworm ibhekisela kulezi zinambuzane ezidla izigaxa ze-spruce nezinye iziqu. I-worm ishidi i-butterfly encane enamaphiko afika ku-1.6 cm nombala omnyama. Abantu abadala bavela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukushisa okunenzuzo yezinambuzane kuyi-20-22 ° C. Ngaphambi kokuba uvumelanise ama-butterflies esakhiweni, kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuthi akuzona izinambuzane ngokwazo ezilimaza izihlahla ze-coniferous, kodwa izibungu zazo. Ngakho-ke, izibungu ze-fir moth yizinambuzane eziyinhloko ze-spruce, ezonakalisa ama-cones angama-90%, okungeke kube khona ukuqoqa imbewu yokuhluma. Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula, i-butterfly ibeka amaqanda esikalini semifino yezitshalo zesifazane. Esikhathini esizayo, izimbungu zihlala futhi zondla ezihlangwini.
Qonda ukuthi uhlamvu oluthile luhlelwe ngesi-spruce lungaba yi-resin esikalini se-cone. Futhi phezu kwezinaliti kubonakala kuqothulwa. Uma ubheka eduze, ungabona imicu ephikisayo izinaliti. Izibungu azilimazi kuphela izigaxa futhi ziphule imbewu, kodwa ziphinde ziqoqe izinaliti endaweni yazo, emva kwalokho umuthi uqala ukulahlekelwa ikhava eningi eluhlaza.
Kubalulekile! I-bump ethintekile ngemva kokuwa akudalwanga.
Uma uqinisekile ukuthi i-leafworm i-parasitic emthini wakho, kuzomele uqale ukwelashwa. Amakhemikhali, ama-biologicals, noma izindlela zomuntu zingasetshenziswa ngokumelene nezimbungu. Uma ungafuni ukuphambanisa izinto eziyingozi kusayithi, zama ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa "i-Bracon caudiger", okuyinto inambuzane ebhubhisa izibungu ezinundu. Abafaki isisindo esihlahleni, noma kubantu noma ezilwaneni.
Siphendukela ezindleleni ezithandwayo, ezingasiza ekulwa nezilokazane. Ngentwasahlobo, i-spruce idinga ukufuthwa ngokukhipha ugwayi noma i-decoction yomhlonyane. Nokho, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda nge-butterfly, ngaphandle kwalokho konke kuyoba yize.
Ama-butterflies emini ahlale ehlezi esihlahleni, ngakho-ke enye inketho i-tuct tape, ehlanganiswe emthini. I-Leafworm lures iphunga. Emaphethelweni e-spruce ama-kans amancane noma ubhiya. Ama-butterflies aya ephikheni futhi awele esicupheni. Uma izindlela ezingenhla zingasizi, kufanele usebenzise ama-pesticides, njenge "Isivumelwano", "Fatrin", "Ukufika" kanye nezifaniso zawo.
Kubalulekile! Ukwelapha ngesihlahla sase-spruce nama-insecticide kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana ukuze uqede ngokuphelele izibungu.
Isibungu se-spider
Abaflorisi abaningi baye bahlangana nalezi zinambuzane, ezingathinta cishe noma yisiphi isitshalo endlini noma kusayithi. I-spider mite yisilwane esincane kakhulu se-arachnid esinesilinganiso esingangama-0.6 mm. Abantu abadala badwetshwe ngokubomvu okukhanyayo noma kumathunzi ayo. Izimpungushe zingabonakali noma zibe nombala obala obala.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi umuthi uthinteka umkhaza ulula: i-cobweb engabonakali iyabonakala ezinaliti, ihlanganiswa ngamabala aphuzi futhi ekugcineni iwa. Kanti futhi, ukuqeda ukuphunyuka ngeglasi lokukhulisa kungabhekwa njengezinambuzane ezincane.
Isibungu sesitshalo sondla ngesitshalo sesitshalo, kancane kancane sinciphisa ukuphikiswa komuthi izifo. I-parasite ibangela ukulimala okukhulu phakathi nesomiso esinzima noma uma umuthi ungamukeli inani elidingekayo lezakhi. Umkhiqizo uhanjiswa emoyeni, futhi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kwenzeke khona kunomswakama ophansi.
Siphendukela ezinyathelweni zokulwa nesisu sesihlahla esinyathelayo. Ukwazi ukuthi i-mite ithandwa emoyeni owomile, ungaphalaza kakhulu umuthi ngamanzi avela ebhodleleni le-spray, ngaleyo ndlela ukwenze kube nzima kakhulu izimo ze-parasite. Le ndlela ingasiza kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqala. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela kanye nezindlela zabantu. Uma lesi sihlahla sincane, usuhlumela kanye nesitshalo kufanele sisuswe nge-ammonia.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokwelashwa utshwala, abantu abadala kuphela kanye nezimpethu ziyafa, amaqanda ahlale engaqondile.
Indlela efanayo indlela yokwelashwa ngayo yonke ingxenye yendiza ngamanzi asozini. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amanzi asozini akufanele awe phansi eduze kwentamo eqinile. Sebenzisa ukumnika kwamagilekhi. I-1 litre yamanzi, thatha amakhanda amabili aphakathi kellicuki, nquma bese uthele amanzi. Sibeka umkhumbi endaweni emnyama futhi siphikelela ngezinsuku ezingu-5. Okulandelayo, sizalela ngesigamu ngamanzi bese sihlanza isitshalo sonke ebhodleleni le-spray. Uma umuthi ukhulu noma umkhaza unezinkulungwane eziningi ze "ibutho", khona-ke udinga ukulwa nalo kuphela nge-chemistry. Lezi zidakamizwa ezilandelayo zisiza ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele uphawu: "Fitoverm", "Aktellik", "Fufanon", "Apollo".
Kukhona izidakamizwa eziphilayo, inzuzo enkulu okungukuthi ukubhujiswa kwabantu abadala kuphela, kodwa futhi namaqanda. Imithi enjalo ihlanganisa i-phytoseiulus i-mite yokudla. Umuntu ngamunye ubulala amathikithi omdala ama-5 namaqanda angu-10 ngosuku.
Kubalulekile! I-Phytoseiulus iphephile ngokuphelele kubantu nasezilwaneni.
Coniferous scarlet
Lezi zinambuzane zibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane eziphazamisa kokubili izindlu zezimbali nezimbali, kanye nemifino, izithelo, ngisho nama-conifers. I-bite ka-pine imhlophe ngombala, ibe yi-10 mm ngobude futhi ifana ne-tortle oval. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinambuzane zingaba nombala kusuka kumbala ompunga kuze kube mhlophe weqhwa. Umsebenzi we-worifer coniferous ungabonakala endaweni ecacile emaceleni kanye nezikhwama ze-conifer. Njengokwenziwe ama-aphid, i-mushroom ye-soot ihlala kulezi zimfihlo, okwenza umonakalo owengeziwe emthini. Uma abantu abaphahlazekayo bebaningi, khona-ke ngisho nasekude umuthi uyoba njengokungathi uchotshozwe yiqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihlahla sase-spruce sizoqala ukugubha ngemuva kokukhula futhi silahlekelwe ukuqina kwezinaliti.
Uyazi? Ngezibungu kuphila i-Septobasidium yama-mushroom, engagcini nje kuphela inambuzane, kodwa ibuye iyivikele emiphakathini embi nasezilwaneni ezidliwayo. Ama-chervets ane-fungus ye-parasitic alahlekelwa ukuhamba kwawo futhi akhule kabi, kodwa ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Njengoba i-coniferous scarlet ingakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele isihlahla, ukucubungulwa kwesihlahla sase-spruce kusukela enhlakeni kufanele kuqale ngokushesha. Inamba encane yezibungu ingasuswa ngesiponji igonywe emanzini ase-soapy. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, kubalulekile ukususa hhayi kuphela izinambuzane ngokwabo, kodwa futhi i-plaque emhlophe lapho i-fungus iqala khona. Ngemuva kwesonto emva kokususwa kwe-mechanical of the disest, udinga ukusifafaza isihlahla sonke ngesisombululo sensipho eluhlaza. Kubalulekile ukufeza inqubo izikhathi eziningana ngekhefu lezinsuku ezingu-10.
Amalungiselelo amakhemikhali "I-calypso", "i-Confidant", "i-Mospilan", "i-Fitoverm" yenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu nge-broomstick. Обработку химикатами по возможности нужно проводить после механической очистки от вредителя. Также для лучшего эффекта от препаратов нужно проводить повторную обработку ели. Если есть возможность, следует использовать два-три вида инсектицидов, чтобы червец не смог адаптироваться.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokwelashwa ezizosiza ukuxosha imbungu:
- Ukumnika kwi-garlic. 500 ml amanzi athathe ikhanda elilodwa likagalikhi. I-garlic iyachotshozwa futhi yathululela amanzi abilayo. Isisombululo esiphelele sivunyelwe ukuma amahora angaba ngu-5-6. Emva kwalokho gqoka izinaliti ngebhashi.
- Amafutha omnqumo. At 5 amalitha amanzi uthathe 10 tbsp. l amafutha omnqumo kanye ne-emulsion eyabangela izihlahla.
I-coniferous worm in nature inezitha eziningana ezibulala izinkulungwane zezinambuzane ngaphandle kokulimaza isitshalo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-Anagyrus, i-Aphitis, i-Coccophagus, i-Leptomastix, i-Leptomastidea. Kunzima ukuthola lezi zinambuzane, kepha umphumela uzoba ngezinga lokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali.
Izinambuzane ezidla izinambuzane zidla
Manje ake sikhulume ngama-parasites angamane nje ancelise ama-juice anomsoco avela ngesi-spruce, kodwa abonakalise isakhiwo sezinaliti namahlumela. Izinambuzane ezinjalo ziphoqa umuthi, okwenza kube yingozi kakhulu ezifweni futhi azikwazi ukubekezelela amaqhwa anamandla.
I-spruce moth
Enye igama le-disest is the fur spruce cap. Kuyizinhlobo ze-butterfly impisi edla i-pine, i-spruce, i-larch noma i-firiti izinaliti. I-moth yesi-spruce igwetshwe igrey nge-glimmers emhlophe. Amaphiko afika ku-6 cm. Ngentwasahlobo i-butterfly ibeka amaqanda phakathi kwezinaliti ze-spruce. Ukuqothula amacimbi kungabhubhisa imifino emthini. Ngokunqotshwa okunamandla, i-spruce ingahlala ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezinaliti.
Umsebenzi wamacimbi uwela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Isikhathi sokudla kwesibungu siphelela ezinsukwini ezingama-50, emva kwalokho sishaya futhi siphenduka sibe butterfly izinsuku ezingu-15 kamuva. I-imago ngayinye ingakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angama-300, aqoqwe ngenqwaba eyodwa. Ungakwazi ukunquma umsebenzi we-moth wesihlahla sase-spruce ngokusebenzisa ama-aldle namagatsha angenalutho esitshalo se-coniferous. Futhi, amaqanda enundu angabonakala kalula ngeso lengqondo.
Uyazi? Isazi sezinkanyezi saseFrance uTruvelo siletha amaqanda ama butterfly avela eYurophu eya eMelika ukuyofunda. Amacimbi amaningana abaleka enkambweni yocwaningo. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, le nkathazo yashaywa ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10 000. amamitha emithi efika.
Ukwazi ukuthi yimuphi umonakalo umbungu we-spruce moth ongabangela, kuyadingeka ukuba uqhubekele ngokushesha ekubhujisweni kwegciwane. Qala ngokuhlola nokususa amahlumela ngamaqanda e-butterfly. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, isitshalo sonke sizophathwa ngamakhemikhali ngezindlela eziningana. Lapho izibungu zivela esihlahleni, kusetshenziselwa amakhemikhali, okungukuthi "Bacillus thuringiensis". Nokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi leli thuluzi lisebenza kahle kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kuka-18 ° C. Uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa i-chemistry, zama ukulenga izigxobo ezikhethekile zemithi noma izicupho ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ama-butterflies, awela kuwo, ngeke akwazi ukuphuma.
Ngaphandle kwe-tape yokunamathisela, ungasebenzisa ama-infusions kugwayi noma ku-garlic. Hlola njalo umuthi uphinde usike amagatsha ngenani elikhulu kunazo zonke lamacimbi. Zama ukuhlola hhayi i-spruce kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izitshalo ensimini, njengoba kunezinhlobo zezinundu eziphazamisa kanyekanye inamba enkulu yezitshalo ezahlukene. Sebenzisa amaglavu uma uqoqa amacimbi, njengoba ikhava yabo ikhishwa yisifo sohlelo olubuthakathaka.
Kubalulekile! Uma ungabhubhisi izimbungu ngaphambi kokufunda, ama-butterflies anqanyuliwe ezimpilini azobhubhisa yonke imithi nezihlahla engakhilomitha engamakhilomitha. Kulokhu, akukho ndlela yokulwa engayikusiza.
Inundu ye-Peppered
Inundu le-peppered iyinhlobonhlobo yezinambuzane eziphazamisa isivuno sezithelo nemifino ensimini noma e-summer cottage. Kunezinhlobo ze-butterfly, okuyi-parasitic ku-conifers. I-pine moth ivame ukulimaza amaphini, kodwa ingashiya i-spruce ne-fir ngaphandle kwekhava elihlaza. Lezi zinambuzane zinamaphiko ezinama-4 cm futhi zinemibala enombala obomvu ngokukhanya kwamhlophe.
Lezi zinambuzane zibeka amaqanda angu-130-150 ezinaleni ezindala, ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15 eziphendukela ngamacimbi aluhlaza kuze kufike ku-4 cm ubude. Badla izinaliti, bashiya "inhlanzi" encane. Isibungu ngasinye ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwayo singadla izinaliti eziyi-100, kanti ekupheleni kwehlobo i-parasite ithathwa ekubhujisweni kwezinaliti zalo nyaka. Ama-puppets pupate kanye nobusika ezinaliti eziwile phansi kwesihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Ngesilo esinamandla se-moth, umuthi ukhula umbala bese umile.
Ukuze uvimbele umuthi owenziwe yi-coniferous oyintandokazi ekumeni, noma ngisho nokutshala konke, umuntu kufanele aqale ukubhubhisa inundu ephihliwe. Ukuxosha le nkathazo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali, kuzodingeka usebenze ngezandla. Udinga ukuqala ngokuhlanza zonke izinaliti ezivela ngaphansi kwesihlahla endaweni ehlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyisifiso sokushisa izinaliti ezomile eziqoqiwe noma ukumane ususe kusayithi. Uma unembuzi noma izingulube, zidinga ukuboshwa eduze kwesihlahla ukuze zibambe phansi, zithole futhi zidle i-pupae yenundu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlabathi ozungeza umuthi kumele uguqulwe ukuze izidumbu ezisele zibhujiswe. Entwasahlobo, lapho izimvemvane zivela, i-spruce isetshenziswe ngezidakamizwa (i-neonicotinoids noma i-peritroids). Emva kokuvela kwamacimbi, ama-baits (okwenziwe engxenyeni engezansi yebhodlela) nge-kvass noma ubhiya afakwa esihlahleni, esilula izibungu. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi izitha zemvelo zamacimbi nezimpungushe yizintuthwane, izinyoni, ama-moles nezinye izinambuzane.
Kungenxa yobuningi bezitha zemvelo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ngesikhathi sasehlobo kungenza okubi kakhulu kunokuhle. Ngakho-ke, sincoma ukucubungula ngesikhathi sokubukeka kwamacimbi okuqala nangaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingu-10 ezizayo.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane kuyadingeka kuphela uma kwenzeka lapho isikwele esingu-1. Amakhokheni amabila okungenani ama-pupae amabili. Ukufafaza kwenziwa emva kokuvela kwamacimbi wokuqala.
U-spruce sawfly
I-spruce sawfly ingenye inambuzane elimaza kakhulu izinaliti ze-spruce. Njengasendabeni yezimvemvane, i-sawfly ibeka amaqanda, lapho izibungu zizalwa khona futhi zibhubhise ohlaza okomuthi. I-Sawfly ibhekisela ku-hymenoptera. I-parasite inebude bomzimba engaba ngu-0.6 cm kanti amaphiko afika ku-1.4 cm. Umbala omnyama womzimba usiza i-sawfly ukuba ihlangane namahlumela nesihlahla somuthi. Izibungu zinebude obufinyelela ku-1.5 cm futhi zidwetshwe ngombala wezinaliti ezincane. Esikhathini sokuqala, azinambala futhi azihlukanisi kahle (usayizi - 0.6 cm).
I-sawfly idla izinaliti kuphela zaleli nyaka, ihlasele esihlahleni cishe inyanga. Isikhathi sokudla okuningi kwezimbungu siwela ekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Izibungu ze-pupate nama-hibernate ngesiliva sase-spruce. Inambuzane ingabonakala ngenxa yezimo ezinhle zokubusika kwayo - ebusika efudumele, obomile ngaphandle kwamaqhwa anamandla. Izimo ezinjalo zenza ukuqubuka kokukhiqiza okuningi, okungathinta inombolo enkulu yezihlahla ze-coniferous endaweni.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqubuka kwezinambuzane ezilodwa kunika inani elikhulu lamacimbi eminyakeni emihlanu engu-5-7 ezayo.
Ungathola ama-sawflies ngoMeyi. Uma uqaphela ukuthi kunezinaliti eziningi ezonakalisiwe esihlahleni (ebumbene noma elahlekile ngokuphelele), lokhu kuyisignali ukuthi isibungu sibonakala ngesi-spruce. Ungabhubhisa izinambuzane usebenzisa i-chemistry, nezindlela ze-agrotechnology noma ngokuheha izitha zemvelo. Uma ubona amacimbi amaningana esihlahleni, faka ama-feeders angama-1-2 eceleni. Ukukhanga kokuqala kwezinyoni kungaba nomphumela ofanayo nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali. Izintuthwane, i-tachini izimpukane namagundane yizitha zemvelo zamacimbi. Uma bengakulimazi noma ezinye izimila endaweni, zama ukubakhohlisela esihlahleni esithintekile, futhi umphumela ngeke ugcine ulinde.
Uma umuthi uphansi noma izimbungu ziqongelela endaweni eyodwa, khona-ke zingaqoqwa ngesandla noma zimane zigaye igatsha (emva kokusika kufanele lishiswe). Izindlela eziphumelelayo ukufakwa kwamacwecwe okunamathisela noma ama-tape winding amahlumela angavumeli izibungu ukuba zikhule ezinaliti zomuthi.
Umonakalo omkhulu we-sawfly "uphathwa" nge "Chlorofos", "Malathion" noma "Kinmiks". Zisebenzise kuphela ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamacimbi. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa izikhathi eziningana nge-interval encane ngesikhathi. Ngemuva kokuba izibungu ziqala ukunyamalala emthini, udinga ukwenza imibhede yase-spruce. Ihlanganisiwe bese ishiswa kusayithi. Umhlabathi uzungeze umuthi ugobe ukuze ususe ama-pupae.
Izinambuzane ezinamahlumela zidla
Leli qembu lihlanganisa ama-parasites akhayo futhi ahlala ezikhuni zesitshalo ngokwawo. Bonakalisa amagxolo futhi badle kuhamba ngesiqu futhi ngesi-spruce ngesihlahla sase-spruce. Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi walezi zinambuzane uholela ekusomeni kwesitshalo noma ezifweni ezimbi. Ngaphezu kokulimala okuqondile, izinkuni ezilimazayo zilahlekelwa inani layo futhi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kabusha.
I-beetle ye-bruce yase-Spruce
Elinye igama le-disest is the beetle-topographer yamagxolo. Inambuzane eyingozi iyinambuzane encane ebomvu emnyama enebude obufinyelela ku-6 mm. Uma ubheka inkathazo ngokusebenzisa ingilazi yokukhulisa, ungabona ukuthi kufana ne-beetle ye-May. I-topographer ngokuvamile ihlaziya ngesi-spruce, kodwa ingaphila kuphayini ne-fir. I-bark beetle ibonakala ngenyanga ka-Ephreli. I-disest parasitizes engxenyeni engezansi yomuthi, ekhetha amagxolo amancane, aqinile.
Kubalulekile! I-beetle ngokuyinhloko ihlala izihlahla ezigulayo noma ezomile, kodwa abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukuhlambalaza ngemifino enempilo.
Ukulimala kwebhungane le-bark ehlathini lase-spruce kungafaniswa nemisebenzi ye-Colorado i-potato beetle endaweni yasemazambane. Uma ungathathi ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngesikhathi esifanele, khona-ke kungenzeka ukubhubhisa izihlahla eziningana ngezikhathi ezithile. Isizathu se-beetle yisomiso noma umlilo. Ngokuvamile, konke okuholela ekubukeni kwenani elikhulu lemithi eyomile noma eyonakele.
Izimpawu zomsebenzi we-beetle wamagxolo e-spruce:
- inqwaba yezimbobo ezincane ezansi komuthi;
- amaphethini emagqumeni ashiya inkathazo;
- uthuli oluthile oluzungeza isiqu noma kuso (izinkuni eziqoshiwe ezitholakala ekwenzeni izidluli).
Zonke lezi zimpawu zenza kucace ukuthi ukudla kwakho kusengozini. Ukuqeda i-beetle yamagxolo sebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala, hlola insimu yakho bese ususa izitshalo ezomile noma ezigulayo. Ngemuva kokuhlola, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi umuthi uphilile futhi awudingi ukondliwa okwengeziwe. Ngabantu abancane beetle be-bark ngeke bakwazi ukuthinta isihlahla esiqinile. I-bark beetle ispographer inzima kakhulu ukubhubhisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane akusebenzi, njengoba izinambuzane zifihla ngaphansi kwamagxolo. Kunomuthi owodwa wamakhemikhali owenza umphumela - "Clipper", kodwa izindleko zawo ebangeni lika-$ 20 azamukeleki kuwo wonke umuntu.
Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokubhujiswa zinomjovo zibe yizinkuni kanye nezicupho ngamapheromone. Ochwepheshe kuphela benza izijovo, futhi zibiza kakhulu, kodwa ungenza ugibe ngokwakho. Ngenxa yesicupho, udinga umbhobho ophethe ububanzi obungama-25-30 cm, indebe yesipulasitiki ejwayelekile, amapuleti amabili anezilinganiso ze-35x45 cm kanye nomphakeli we-pheromone (uthenge esitolo).
Senza ukuchotshozwa kwelinye ipuleti bese sifaka enye ukwenza isimo esibucayi. Isikhwama sama-pheromone sisindiswa kusukela phansi kwamacwecwe. Umngcele unamathele emaphethelweni amacwecwe, phansi lapho indebe ihlanganiswe khona. Ingilazi igxilwe ukuze isuswe futhi isuse izinambuzane. Amagoda akwenziwa phansi kweglasi ukuze kuvinjelwe amanzi emvula.
Le ndlela yokuqoqa izinambuzane isetshenziswe kumazwe amaningi aseYurophu, njengoba iyona eshibhile futhi isebenza kahle.
I-Beetle ye-Spruce
I-beetle ye-spruce noma i-dendrocton ingeyomndeni wama-bark beetle. I-parasite iyincane ye-beetle enombala omnyama kuze kufike ku-1 cm ubude. Lezi zinambuzane zondla emagqumeni omkhuhlane. ERussia, kunezinhlobo ezilodwa kuphela ezivamile. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu eNingizimu neNyakatho Melika. ULuboed ukhetha izihlahla ezibuthakathaka ezingenawo umqhele noma umuthi owonakele.
Le nkathazo ibonakala ekupheleni kukaJune futhi iqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Insikazi yenza umgodi emagqumeni futhi ikholoni lapho lapho izibungu ezondla kwi-bast (ngaphakathi kwegxolo).
Kubalulekile! Izimpungushe zezibungu ziqala ukuzala kuphela eminyakeni emibili nje kokubonakala kwazo, okunikeza isikhathi esengeziwe sokubhujiswa kwabo.
ULubooed akakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokushesha lesi sihlahla sase-spruce, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe ubuthakathaka kakhulu umuthi futhi wenza kube yingozi ebusweni nasezifo. Ukulwa ne-disest kungaba futhi kufanele kube. Ukuze ukwelashwa ngesi-spruce kusetshenziswe izindlela nezindlela ezehlukene. Okokuqala, unqume imithi eyomile futhi uhlahlele amagatsha agulayo. Yondla isihlahla futhi uhlole ngokucophelela. Ungakwazi ukulwa ngokuqondile nalezi zinambuzane kuphela ngosizo lwamagciwane angaphansi komhlaba noma ngokupuniza ingxenye engezansi yesiqu nge-insecticide. Njengawebhungane le-beetle le-spruce, uClapper unikeza umphumela omuhle.
Kunendlela eyodwa ethandwayo eyasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokufika kwamakhemikhali. Isixazululo senziwa ngumbungu wezinkomo, i-lime, igazi lezilwane kanye nogwayi. Ingxube eyalandela yayigcwele ingxenye engezansi ye-trunk yesihlahla sase-spruce.
Ngeshwa, uma izindlela ezichazwe ngenhla zingasizi, izihlahla ezithintekayo kakhulu zihambisana nokusika nokushisa.
I-spruce barbel
I-beetle engowokukhanya kwe-subfamily. I-disestine inebude obufinyelela ku-4 cm, umzimba ohlangene wombala omnyama kanye nezici eziningi ezinhlokweni ekhanda. I-spruce barbel ejwayelekile kulo lonke elaseYurophu nasezinye izingxenye zase-Asia. I-parasite ilimaza zonke izinhlobo ze-conifers, ikhetha izihlahla ze-spruce ne-fir. Insikazi ibeka amaqanda emagqumeni. Izimpungushe ezithwetshiwe zidla phezu kwamagxolo, i-bast kanye nezinkuni ngokwayo. Njengalabo abathandekayo be-spruce, izimpungushe zivela futhi ziqala ukwanda ngemva kokuqala kokubanda kwasebusika. I-beetle ibonakala ekuqaleni kuka-May. Iqala ukubeka izibungu futhi zibhubhise kakhulu izihlahla kusukela ngoJuni kuze kuqale kukaSeptemba.
Kubalulekile! I-spruce barbel ivame ukulimaza ezinye izihlahla, njenge-maple, i-birch ne-aspen.
Ukulimala kwe-parasite akunakwenzeka ukuchaza. I-beetle idonsa amagxolo, eveza ingxenye engezansi ye-trunk. I-barbel iyasiza ekwenzeni i-desiccation yamahlumela emgqeni, iphula ukugeleza kwe-sap futhi iholela ekusomweni okuphelele kwesihlahla. Ukubukeka kwe-spruce barbel kunomusa omkhulu wezinkuni ezifakiwe noma ezomisiwe.
Ukuze kuqhutshwe i-beetle ngaphandle kwesiqephu, kubalulekile ukuba wenze inombolo enkulu ye-cuttings cuttings futhi uhlanze indawo kusuka enkuni ebolile futhi eyomile. Eqinisweni, i-beetle izosakaza kuphela izihlahla ezigulayo eziye zahlaselwa enye inkathazo noma zikhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi. Ukuphathwa ngezihlahla ze-barbel kunqunywa kuphela ebusika.
Isitha esingokwemvelo se-beetle siyizinkuni, ezithola kalula izilokazane ngaphansi kwegxolo. Ungadonsela izinyoni ngosizo lwabaxhasi. Le ndlela yokulawula iphumelela kakhulu, ngoba inani elincani kakhulu lamakhemikhali angasiza ekulwa ne-beetle.
Uma kungekho zindlela ezisiza, kufanele uthenge izinambuzane ezikhethekile. Kubalulekile ukuwasebenzisa ngendlela yezijovo kuphela, ngoba ukwelashwa kwendawo ngeke kube nomphumela. Isixazululo sijojowe emigodini eyenziwe yi-beetle. Uma kungenzeka, uthele amakhemikhali kuzo zonke izimbobo emagxolo.
I-spruce woodcutter
Enye inambuzane ethanda ukudla izinkuni namagxolo ezinaliti. I-beetle yezinkuni inebude obufinyelela ku-2 cm, umbala umnyama noma umnyama omnyama.
Kubalulekile! Kunezibonelo ze-aberration ezinemibala emanzini omnyama.
Umuthi we-woodcutter we-spruce ulimaza izihlahla ezihlahliwe, kanye nalabo ababuthakathaka noma abangakwazi ukulimala. Lezi zinambuzane zidla amagxolo futhi zigubha izinkuni, okwenza zingakufaneleki ukuba zenziwe ifenisha noma zisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni.
I-woodcutter ivela ngoMeyi futhi phakathi noJuni iqala ukushada. Amaqanda alala ngaphansi kwesilinganiso samagxolo, okuvela emva kwamasonto amabili ama-larvae aphuza futhi aqale ukudla isidumbu se-spruce. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-beetle ayithinti izihlahla ezincane, zilimaza kuphela asebekhulile noma lezo ezihlaselwe ukusika.
Siphendukela ezinyathelweni zokulwa nezinambuzane. Kufanelekile ukuqala ngokusetshenziswa kwemithetho yokuhlanzeka: ukusika izihlahla ezindala nezigulayo, ukuvuna amagxolo, i-sawdust nezingxenye zezinkuni. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo emasimini e-conifer kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukwanda kwabantu beetle.
Njengasezinsukwini zangaphambilini, ukuheha izitha zemvelo - izinyoni. Ama-woodpeckers angafinyelela kokubili izimpungushe nabantu abadala abavela ngaphansi kwegxolo, ukunciphisa inani labantu abalahla izinambuzane. Uma kungekho izinyathelo ezingasiza ekunciphiseni abantu beetle, izihlahla ezithintekayo kufanele ziqedwe futhi zishiswe.
I-Cest Cones: i-Pine Caster
Le nkathazo idla ama-conifers avamile. Abantu abaningi badibanisa inqabunga lomlilo nge-moth evamile. Ngombala nosayizi, cishe kufana. Ivemvane ifakwe igrey nge iphethini elibomvu kanye nokukhanya okumhlophe. I-Wingspan - kufika ku-3.5 cm. Ukuhlasela komlilo kuvela ngoJuni-Julayi. Ilimaza ama-cones futhi ibeka amaqanda kuwo. Amacimbi anombala obomvu ongcolile, afinyelele ubude buka 2.5 cm.
Izibhamu zithinta ama-cones, zondla ngesisindo sezilinganiso kanye nembewu. Ngemuva komsebenzi wamacimbi, i-cone ikhula eluhlaza futhi iwa phansi (indwangu ebomvu ibonakala ku-cone). Ngaphandle kwesitho sokukhiqiza, i-moth ilimaza amahlumela e-apical of spruce and gnaws izinkuni.
Uma umlilo uhlezi esihlahleni sakho se-fir, uzobe usuqaphela izimpawu ezilandelayo zomsebenzi wawo:
- efihlekile okwemele kanye namahlumela amancane;
- izinaliti eziphuzi;
- i-resin kuma-cones, izindawo ezinsundu;
- izikali ezidliwayo ku-cones, akukho mbewu.
I-butterfly yenza umonakalo omkhulu ekutshaleni, kuqinisa umuthi nokuwunciphisa ikhono layo lokuphindaphinda. Ngokwandisa inani lamacimbi, i-spruce ingawuma ngokuphelele.
Ukuxosha isibhamu kusayithi, udinga ukusebenzisa izinambuzane. Ukucubungula amakhemikhali kuqala kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 emva kokuqala kwezidakamizwa zesilisa ezinothuli. U-spruce uchithelwa nge-Lepidocide II ngesilinganiso se-1 kg ngehektare ngalinye. Повторную обработку нужно провести через неделю после первой.
Если время обработки химическими препаратами упущено, то следует вручную.
