Lisianthus ensimini: ukutshala nokunakekelwa

I-Lisianthus noma i-eustome ingatholakala emasimini kakhulu okungajwayelekile, njengoba kuvame ukukhula emafasitela ewindi.

Le mbali ibizwa nangokuthi "i-Irish Rose", ngoba ifana nayo ngendlela.

I-Lisianthus isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, futhi ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwayo ngeke kubangele inkathazo enkulu.

Uyazi? Igama elithi "Lisianthus" livela kulesiGreki elithi "lysis" nelithi "anthos", okungukuthi, "ukuhluma imbali", okuhunyushwa kusukela kwisiLatini elithi "Lisianthus" lisho "imbali ebabayo", okuyiqiniso. Ngempela, njengama-gentian amaningi, i-lisianthuses zasendle iqukethe inqwaba yokufutheka: genziopikrin, genzizin, genziamarin, gentianin, flavonoids, njll.

Incazelo ye-Lisianthus

I-genus Eustoma evela emndenini we-gentian ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zezimbali. I-Lisianthus inegama elihlukile, okungukuthi i-eustoma grandiflora no-Roussel's eustoma.

I-Eustoma ingaba mde futhi imancane. Ukude kufinyelela ku-1 m ubude, nesincane - kufike ku-30 ​​cm kuphela. Ku-peduncle encane kunezimbali eziningi ezivelayo, zakha lonke iqembu. Izimbali ziyi-terry, i-double-double futhi iphindwe kabili, kodwa kuxhomeke ezihlukahlukene.

Izinhlobo ze-Terry zibukeka njenge-roses noma ama-carnations. Ezinye izinhlobo zinezimbali ezilula ezibukeka njenge-tulips, ama-poppies noma i-bluebells. Ezinye izinhlobo zine-shape ye-petal shape.

Izimbali ze-Eustoma zingaba nombala ohlukile, kusukela kumhlophe kuya obomvu. Kukhona neLisianthus enemibala emibili.

EYurophu, lezi zimbali zalethwa eNyakatho Melika. Uphayona walesi sitshalo esihle ubhekwa njengoRichard Anthony Salisbury. Njengamanje, lesi sitshalo sithandwa eMelika, eNew Zealand, e-Australia naseMexico.

Ukukhula kweLisianthus kusuka enzalweni ngokusebenzisa izithombo

I-Lisianthus ingakhula ekhaya, futhi le nqubo ilula kakhulu uma wenza konke ngokuphumelelayo nangokucacile. Ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo, uzofunda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-eustoma kusuka ensimini ekhaya nokuthi yimiphi imithetho okumele uyilandele.

Lapho ukuhlwanyela phezu izithombo

Izithombo zingahlwanyelwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Isibonelo, uma ukhula eustoma ukuze uzitshale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi engadini yakho, ukutshala kwezithombo kufanele kube ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi. Emva kwalokho uzokwazi ukugcina izimbali zalo ngoJulayi-Agasti. Uma ufuna ukuhlobisa indlu yakho ne-lisianthus ebusika, kungcono ukutshala lesi sitshalo kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba.

Uyazi? Ama-Irish, amaJapane, amaFulentshi, ama-roses asezintabeni - lawa onke amagama ka-lisianthus emazweni ahlukene.

Umhlabathi wezithombo ezikhulayo

Njengoba imbewu ye-Lisianthus incane, kungcono ukuthenga izinto zokutshala ngendlela ye-granules. Lokhu kuzokwenza lula ukutshala futhi unikeze ngokudla kokuqala kwe-eustoma, ngoba iqukethe umquba wokudla okunomsoco kanye nezinto zokwakha.

Inhlanganisela yomhlaba kufanele ibe ne-addition peat nesihlabathi, ngokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-nitrogen, i-pH ngu-6.0. Ingxube enjalo ingathengwa esitolo sembali noma yenziwe ngokuzimela.

Indlela yokutshala imbewu

Isiqukathi esincane sidinga ukugcwaliswa nge-substrate enomanzi, elungiselelwe, bese usakaza imbewu phezu kwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, isitsha kufanele sihlanganiswe nefilimu noma ingilazi bese sibeka endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo. Imbewu idinga ukufakwa njengento edingekayo. Ngemva kwamasonto amathathu ungabona amahlumela okuqala.

Ungasebenzisa futhi amaphilisi e-peat okuhlwanyela. Kufanele abe nobukhulu obuphakathi nobubanzi bazo kufanele kube ngu-4 cm.

Isitsha encane lapho ubeke khona amaphilisi e-peat, udinga ukugeza ku-solution pink ye-potassium permanganate. Emva kwalokho, emva kwamaphilisi e-peat afakwa esitsheni, kufanele uthele amanzi amancane lapho. Amanzi wanezelwa kuze kube amaphilisi avuvuka ngokuphelele. Amanzi adingekayo kufanele adutswe.

Khona-ke ezibhebheni kufanele zenze iminwe encane encane. Ngokusho kwabo, futhi kudingeka badale imbewu - eyodwa epilisi ngayinye. Yenza kube lula ukuvula imithi yamazinyo. DUkuze usize imbewu ihlume ngokusebenzisa igobolondo, kufanele uyiphule ngokucophelela nge-toothpick uma imanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, isitsha kumele sihlanganiswe nesembozo noma ifilimu.

Indlela yokudala izimo zokuhluma imbewu

Beka isitsha sembewu ngaphansi kwesibani se-fluorescent. Nsuku zonke kufanele ivulelwe amahora angu-12. Ukushisa akufanele kube ngaphezulu kuka-+25 ° C, futhi ebusuku - hhayi ngaphansi kuka -20 ° C. Emasontweni amabili uzobona amahlumela okuqala.

Ukunakekela izithombo zeLisianthus

Izithombo zinganisela ngamanzi amancane azungeze eceleni kwetangi kanye ngosuku. Izithombo azidingi ukuchelela njalo, njengoba zihlanganiswe nokugqoka eplastiki okugcina umswakama.

Kodwa izitshalo zidinga ukuvuthwa umoya ngokuvame ukuvimbela ukunciphisa kwisitsha kanye nefilimu. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngesonto nokuningi. Futhi ukudumaza kungathukuthelisa izitshalo. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu emini bese ususa ifilimu ngokufishane, isikhathi ngasinye sikhula isikhathi.

Uma unquma ukukhulisa i-eustoma yokuhlobisa ekhaya, udinga ukubeka izimbiza endaweni evulekile, epholile bese ushiya khona lapho zikhula zibe ngu-10 cm ukuphakama. Izithombo kufanele ziphuze njalo.

Ngemuva kwalokho, imbali kufanele ifakwe ebhodweni enobubanzi obuyi-15 cm bese uyibeka efasiteleni elifudumele le-window ngokukhanya kwelanga.

Uma unquma ukukhula i-lisianthus, bese uyifaka emhlabathini ovulekile, udinga ukulinda izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokutshala. Lapho izithombo zinamandla futhi zizofinyelela ku-15 cm ukuphakama, ungakwazi ukutshala izitshalo embhedeni wembali.

Izithombo zokufutha azidingi, njengoba lokhu kuholela ezifweni zamaqabunga amancane. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo, i-lisianthus kumele ifakwe umquba omanzi omanzi (15 ml ngalinye ngamaminithi ayi-10 l).

Izithombo ze-Dive

Ngemva kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili emva kokuhlwanyela izitshalo kudingeka badonsa. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, njengoba uhlelo lwempande ye-Lisianthus lubucayi kakhulu.

Kubalulekile! Lapho ukufakelwa kabusha akukwazi ukwephula igumbi lobumba.

Amahlumela kufanele afakwe ezinkalweni ezikhethekile zezithombo. Kudingeka ukuba pritenit, kodwa izinga lokushisa akumele libe ngezansi 18 ° C.

Izitshalo ezivuthiwe zifakelwa izimbiza zibe ngamasentimitha angu-15, njengoba izimpande zesitshalo zikhudlwana, futhi zidinga isikhala esiningi.

Ukutshala izithombo ze-lisianthus emhlabathini ovulekile

Ngemuva kokushayela i-eustoma, kuthatha isikhathi esincane ukuba sikhule. Khona-ke ungaqala ngokuphepha ukutshala isitshalo endaweni evulekile.

Lapho ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini

Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kuyadingeka lapho usongo lweqhwa elikhanyayo selidlulile. I-Lisianthus ivame ukukhula ezindaweni ezishisayo, okusho ukuthi noma yiliphi iqhwa lingabangela ukufa kwayo. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma phakathi kukaMeyi. Ukuqonda uma ungadlulisa izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kulula kakhulu.

Uma unezinhlamvu ezingu-8, khona-ke isitshalo silungele ukutshala. Ukwenza kangcono kusikhathi esingenamoya ebusuku.

Ukukhetha indawo kusayithi

I-Eustoma inothando kakhulu, kodwa kungcono ukutshala izithombo endaweni lapho ukukhanya okungafani kuyokwehlela kuso. Umhlabathi wokulima kufanele ube nocebile ezakhiweni. Kumele futhi ucabangele izimo zezulu laseLisianthus, okungukuthi, umswakama ophezulu namakhaza afudumele, afudumele.

Indlela yokutshala izithombo kusayithi

Ngaphambi kokutshala i-lisianthuses engadini yakho, udinga ukumba izimbobo ezincane ubukhulu bebhodlela lapho ama-eustomas akho abe khona. Lezi zihlahla kufanele zithululwe kakhulu.

Ngemuva kwalokho, siqala ukuhlanganyela ekuthungeni i-coma yomhlaba, ngoba yilokho esizokwenza khona umhlaba we-eustoma. Imbali ngayinye kufanele ihlanganiswe nengxenye ibhodlela leplastiki. Lokhu kuzovikela isitshalo kusuka efrijini futhi kugcine umswakama. Ngalesi sikhathi kungcono ukungamanzi izitshalo.

Cishe amasonto amathathu emva kweqhwa lokugcina, ibhodlela lepulasitiki lingasuswa.

Ibanga lokufika kufanele libe ngu-30 cm eceleni.

Izici zokunakekela izimbali ezinzima

I-Eustoma umhlobiso omuhle engadini yakho, ikakhulukazi uma iningi liqhakaza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukunakekela kahle lesi sitshalo.

I-Shelter izitshalo ezincane ezivela ehlathini

Njengoba i-eustoma ibizwa ngokujwayelekile ngokuthi isitshalo esingapheli, kufanele sigcinwe kuze kube ngonyaka ozayo. Emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, ukujwayela kwesitshalo endaweni entsha kuthatha cishe inyanga. Uma izinga lokushisa lihla kakhulu, i-eustoma iqala ukukhubazeka futhi ifinyelele.

Yenza ngcono ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kuka-September. Ngaphambi kwalokho, faka izimbiza kwi-loggia evaliwe, bese nje ungene ekamelweni. Inikeza isitshalo ukuthi ijwayele ukungena ekukhanyeni.

Emva kokusika isihlahla sesitshalo, i-eustoma iyoba ebusika endlini yakho ebhodweni. Ngeke ukwazi ukukhathazeka, emva kokusika lesi sitshalo kuzoqala amahlumela amasha, futhi kuzophinde kube khona ukutshala embhede wembali eduze kwendlu.

Into esemqoka, ngaphambi kokuwafaka kabusha embizeni, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela izimpande zezifo ezikhona kanye nezinambuzane, inzalo nenhlabathi.

Kumele futhi unciphise ukuchelela kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sisetshenziselwa indawo entsha nemibandela. Umbuzo uvela ukuthi ngabe i-Lisianthus kumele ifakwe, futhi impendulo yethu ayidingekile. Isitshalo ngaphandle kokungenelela kwakho kuyokhula kahle futhi kuzoba ngcono futhi kuthuthuke.

Kungcono ukutshala i-lisianthus njengomntwana oneminyaka elilodwa ubudala, ngoba emva kweminyaka embalwa isitshalo sizoqhakaza noma singajulile. Ngezinye izikhathi isitshalo sife nhlobo, ngisho nokukhathalela okungcono kakhulu kuye.

Uyazi? Esinye isitshalo se-eustoma sikhiqiza isixha sangempela esingasetshenziswa njengesipho kunoma yikuphi ukugubha.

Ukuvimbela nokuvikela izilokazane nezifo

Sikunikeza uhlu lwezifo nezinambuzane ezingathinta imbali yakho, kanye nezindlela zokulwa nazo:

1. Grey ukubola. Ngalesi sifo, amabala emaqabunga avela futhi iziqu ziyathinteka. Izifo zivela ngomswakama okhulayo. Ungaphulukisa isitshalo ngokusifiphaza ngemithi yokwelashwa.
2. Umsuka wokubola. Ungabona lesi sifo ezimpandeni ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo. Izimpande kulezi zeluleko zimnyama, ukukhula kwesitshalo kunciphisa. Lesi sifo senziwa ngomswakama ophezulu. Njengoba ukwelashwa kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo, kungcono ukwenza ukuvimbela. Ukwenza lokhu, udinga ukuthatha impahla enempilo yezitshalo, unqande umhlabathi futhi ugweme umswakama owedlulele.
3. I-Fusarium Kulezi ziqu zivela izindawo ezibolile ezilimaza zona futhi isitshalo singase siphume. Ingozi yokulimala izonciphisa umswakama owehlisiwe nokuphefumula kakhulu. Ukushisa kungasetshenziswa futhi, kodwa ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukusindisa isitshalo esivele sewile. Kungcono ukumane ukubhubhise futhi uhlanze imbiza noma indawo.
4. I-Downy isikhutha. Ungayibona emaqabunga awonakele kanye noshintsho embala wabo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuphatha lesi sifo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuvikela isitshalo ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukuyeka ukufaka umquba nokuphuza, kanye nokwelapha isitshalo nge-downy isikhutha noma i-Bordeaux ingxube.
5. Sclerotia Kulesi sifo, imbali ihlanganiswe ne-fuzz emhlophe, ngaphakathi kuyo i-black sclerotia. Kungcono ukubhubhisa lesi sitshalo ngokushesha, ukuze ungathinti konke okunye.
6. I-virus kaMose. Kulula ukuphawula, njengoba i-mosaic encane ibonakala emaqabunga, ukukhula kwezitshalo kunciphisa futhi amaphuzu ezitshalo zilahlekile. Ngokujwayelekile, lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngama-parasites. Kungcono ukubhubhisa imbali enesifo futhi usebenze ibhodlela namathuluzi.
7. Nematodes. Lezi zinambuzane zikhula ezimpandeni, futhi lokhu kungaholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Izinambuzane zidinga ukubhujiswa futhi ukuphathwa kwenhlabathi.
8. Aphid Lezi zinambuzane zifaka phakathi ihlumela noma zibeka izimpungushe emaqabunga. Ukulahla kungaba yisidakamizwa se-aphid.
9. Amacimbi Badla amaqabunga. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhula komqhele nesitshalo sonke. Ukuze uziqede, udinga ukusebenzisa ukuvimbela izidakamizwa.
10. Thrips. Ungabona emabala amhlophe emaqabunga. Zilimaza amaqabunga bese zidla amaqabunga. Ukuze kuvikelwe, kungcono ukwelapha isitshalo ngefungicides ekhethekile ngaphambi kokutshala.

Indlela yokuqhuba ukuchelela

I-Eustome ayinzima ukukhula ku-dacha yakhe, kodwa udinga ukuyiphuza kahle, ngoba into ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni i-eustoma yiyona ndlela enhle yokuchelela. Umhlabathi kufanele uhlale umanzi, kepha umhlaba awufanele ube ngaphezulu. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isitshalo sakho sidinga ukuphuza, kudingeka nje uthinte umhlabathi. Uma isomile, manzi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngamanzi athambile.

Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, i-eustome kufanele iphuze njalo, futhi ebusika kufanele iqaphe. Ukunisela kwenziwa emmpandeni, into esemqoka - ungawa emagqabeni. Lokhu kungaholela ezifweni ezifayo. Ukuphalaza kungcono kugwenywe ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo.

Ngenkathi izimbali zeLisianthus zidinga ukuchelela, ngakho kufanele zanda futhi zenziwe kaningi.

Uyazi? Elinye igama le-eustoma yi-prairie bells: likhula emvelweni eMexico, e-United States yaseTexas, eColorado, eNebraska nasenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika.

Ukudla nini futhi kanjani

Kudingeka ukondle isitshalo, uma ufuna ukuthola izimbali eziningi.

I-Eustome izosondela ekudleni okunzulu, ikakhulukazi okokuqala - ngesonto emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo sibe semhlabathini ovulekile. Okuhle kunabo bonke imbali ibona ukukhulelwa okumanzi ngamanzi.

Yenza kangcono ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza okusebenzayo. Lapho lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokukhula, udinga ukondla isitshalo ngamaminerali amaminerali ahlukeneyo ngesonto lonke, kodwa kungcono ukwenza ukuhlushwa okuphansi kunalokho okushiwo imiyalelo.

Ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwe-Lisianthus, umanyolo we-nitrogen kumele uthathe indawo ye-potash ne-phosphate fertilizer.

Kulesi sihloko ungafunda konke ngembali eustome, kanye nendlela yokutshala ekhaya. Tshala isitshalo embhede wakho wembali bese ubamba izimpumputhe zomakhelwane wakho.