Ingadi yezimbali (ngesiLatin leucojum a festivalum) ingeyomndeni wakwa-Amaryllis, igama lawo lisuselwa kumagama amabili - ubisi no-violet. Kungebangelo ibizo lakhe lesibili libizwa nge-violet emhlophe.
Incazelo yengadi yezimbali
Ingadi yezimbali iyisitshani sotshani somhlaba ovulekile, esatshalaliswa maphakathi neYurophu, i-Iran, iMedithera neTurkey. Lesi isihlahla esidala iminyaka engama-40 cm ukuphakama. Isikhathi sezimbali sincike ezinhlotsheni. Izimbali ezimhlophe zentwasahlobo ziqhakaza entwasahlobo, izimbali zasehlobo engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, nezimbali zasekwindla ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Ngakho-ke, uma zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezintathu zitshalwe embhedeni owodwa wezimbali, izimbali ziyoqala ngo-Ephreli kuze kube Septhemba. Amacembe aqondile, avele ngasikhathi sinye namahlamvu. Izimbali zodwa noma zibuthelwe kumabhulashi wesambulela. Umbala umhlophe, upinki, ubude - cm 3. Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza izimbali, kwakheka isithelo - ibhokisi elinembewu. Uhlelo lwempande - ama ambozwe amafulethi ansundu.
Ingadi yezimbali iyisitshalo se-neophyte, ngoba ivele muva nje engadini.
Izinhlobo zezimbali ezimhlophe, isithombe
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo eziningana zengadi yezimbali:
- intwasahlobo;
- ihlobo;
- ekwindla.
Ngokuya ngamagama, kuyacaca ukuthi ziyehluka ngesikhathi sokutshala esizeni kanye nesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Ingadi yezimbali yasentwasahlobo
Ikhula emaphethelweni amahlathi, kufaka phakathi amaCarpathians. Kushiya kufinyelela kuma-25 cm ubude, ama-peduncle - cm angama-30. Ama-inflorescence awodwa noma abhangqiwe, anephunga elinamandla. Isikhathi sezimbali amasonto angama-3-4 ku-Ephreli. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu phakathi kwezimbali ezimhlophe zasentwasahlobo iKarpatikum.
Isikhathi sokufika
Ukutshala izinto (imbewu) kuphulukisa ukuhluma kwazo, ngakho-ke kuhlwanyelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa. Izimbali zokuqala zivela eminyakeni eyisithupha noma eyi-7. Ngokuphathelene nama-bulbs, akufanele futhi ungabambezeli isitoreji, kufanele atshalwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthenga. Uma ama ama evela engadini, ahlukaniswe futhi adluliselwa kwenye indawo ngokushesha lapho amahlamvu esomile. Isikhathi esihle kunazo zonke sisukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya ekwindla yokuqala. Izinto zokutshala ezitolo azitshalwa kungakapheli ingxenye yesibili ka-Okthoba, ukuze isitshalo sibe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande.
Ingadi yezimbali zasehlobo
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lesi sitshalo sitholakala ezimayini nasemifuleni yomfula endaweni yeTranscaucasia, eseNingizimu neNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zasentwasahlobo, ingadi yezimbali yasehlobo ikhudlwana - amaqabunga nezinyawo zayo kufinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-40. Ama-inflorescence okuqala avela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, izimbali zakha amabhulashi angamabhulashi anezingcezu eziyi-10. Imbali emhlophe ehlobo edumile kakhulu yiGraveti Dzheint.
Isikhathi sokufika
Isikhathi esifanele sokufika nguJulayi-Septhemba. Ezifundeni ezifudumele, imisebenzi yokutshala yenziwa kuze kube nguNovemba.
Ngokutshala, khetha ama-bulbs asindayo anesakhiwo esiminyene futhi embozwe esikalini. Kuhle uma izimpande noma amahlumela amancane sekuvele. Kubalulekile ukuthi akukho monakalo womshini noma umkhondo wokubumba ebusweni bethambeka. Uma, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthenga, impahla yokutshala ayitshalwa, ingagcinwa esitsheni sepulasitiki esigcwele sawdust.
Ingadi yezimbali ye-Autumn
Blooms engxenyeni yesibili ehlobo. Okokuqala, iziqu ezinama-inflorescence avela futhi kuphela kuphela kwamaqabunga eziqhakaza ezikhula.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamasentimitha ayi-12 kuphela .. Ubunzima ukuthi le nhlobonhlobo ayimelani nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlobo azithandwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye abalimi bagcina lembali ezitsheni ezikhethekile ebusika. Kanye namaqhwa imbali emhlophe yasekwindla, umswakama obhubhisayo ngokweqile, ngoba ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo isitshalo sitholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi namatshe.
Izimo ezikhulayo ezijwayelekile zezinhlobo zonke
| I-Factor | Izimo |
| Izimbali |
|
| Ukufakelwa | Umsebenzi wokutshala, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo nohlobo lwesitshalo, kwenziwa kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSeptemba. |
| Isibani | Ilungiselela umthunzi oyinxenye. |
| Inhlabathi | Amanzi, akhanywa, eduze kwamanzi. |
| Ukunisela | Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa lihlibilika, isitshalo asidingi umswakama owengeziwe. Sebenzisa amanzi axazululiwe, uzama ukuvimba amaconsi ukuthi angawa ezimbali. |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | I-Liquid mineral complexes enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-nitrogen, ngoba lesi sakhi sinomthelela ekwakhekeni komqhele oshubile, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta kukhula khona. IHelianthus idinga phosphorus (yethulwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza) ne-potassium (esetshenziswa ekwindla). |
| Ukuzala | Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Bulb njalo ngeminyaka engu-5-7. Indlela yembewu yokuzala iyinkimbinkimbi, ayisetshenziswa. |
| Izinambuzane | Isikhuhlu, amacimbi, amacembe, ama-nematode, ama-slugs. |
| Isifo | Isikhunta Grey, ukugqwala, izifo fungal kanye viral. |
Uma kunesidingo sokusabalalisa isitshalo ngokushesha okukhulu, ama- ndodakazi kufanele atshalwe kahle - ekujuleni kwengane, kungabe kusaba khona. Ukufika okungashisi kanjalo kusebenze ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande kanye nokwakheka ngokushesha kwesihlahla. Ngokutshala ama-bulbs, kungcono ukukhetha umbhede wezimbali onelanga, usulwe ukhula bese uhambisa isihlahla endaweni efanelekile.
Lesi sitshalo sizizwa sikhululekile kakhulu endaweni ene-shaded, eduze nezihlahla namachibi. Inhlabathi idinga ukushiswa, kepha i-flowerbed idinga ukukhanywa kahle, umanyolo osuselwa ku-humus usetshenziswa njalo.
Ubusika
Izinhlobo zasentwasahlobo nezasehlobo zengadi yezimbali zizizwa zizinhle esimweni sezulu sendawo futhi ziyamelana neqhwa. Uma ubusika kulindeleke ukuthi kubande ngokulingana, kube neqhwa, lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukumbozwa. Uma izinyanga zasebusika ziphawulwa yisimo sezulu esibuhlungu, kuneqhwa elincane, kunengqondo ekupheleni kukaNovemba ukufudumeza izihlahla ngamagatsha e-fir spruce.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyeluleka: indlela yokutshala ingadi yezimbali
Iphethini yokutshala ayifani nokusebenza nezinye izimbali ezinamahlamvu amaningi.
- bambe uzungu;
- engeza isihlabathi esiqhekekile (singathathelwa indawo nge-gravel);
- umhlabathi ompofu uvundiswa ngomquba obolile;
- ukunciphisa i-acidity yenhlabathi, kufakwa i-lime ne-peat.
Ungqimba lomhlaba osimboze isibani luhlukahluka kusuka kuma-50 mm kuya kwamamitha amabili we-rhizome.
Izifo nezinambuzane engadini yezimbali
| Inkinga | Ukulimaza | Izindlela zomzabalazo |
| Ama-Rodents | Ukulimaza i-rhizome, ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lwezimpande kanye nesitshalo siyafa. | Amabhuleki adinga ukumba. Sika izindawo ezilimele bese zomile okungenani amahora angama-2. Imibhede yezimbali ihlelwe ebangeni le-3 m ukusuka emgodini wegundane. |
| Isikhuhlu, amacimbi | Izimvemvane namacimbi abo zilimaza ama. | Indlela engcono yokulawula izinambuzane ukuqoqa amacimbi ekwindla ngenkathi ususa imbali yezimbali. |
| Slug | Kubonakala enhlabathini enobumba, konakalisa ama-inflorescence namaqabunga esitshalo. | Lapho utshala, ama afafazwa ngesihlabathi noma aphathwe ngento ethile ekhethekile enambuzelayo. |
| Nematode | Isibungu esincane esihlala ezingxenyeni ezifile zezitshalo. Ithinta isistimu yezimpande namaqabunga; kwakhiwa amabala aphuzi nombala obomvu kuzo. | Bhula ama-bulbs bese uhlola ngokucophelela. Abantu abathintekile badinga ukulahlwa, futhi abanempilo bathwelwe emanzini ngokushisa kwe +45 ° ะก. Iminyaka emihlanu, izitshalo ezinama-bulbous ngeke zitshalwe engadini engenamuntu. |
| Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane | Amabala aphuzi futhi aluhlaza avela emaqabungeni, ingaphezulu liba namandla amaningi, imiphetho isonteke. | Isitshalo esinegciwane kufanele silahlwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze singatheleleki kwezinye izihlahla. Amagciwane awatheleleki imbewu, ngakho-ke izinto zokutshala eziqoqwe kusuka ezitshalweni ezinesifo zingatshalwa. |
| Izifo zokukhunta | Izindawo ezimnyama nezinsundu ziyavela ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga, kwesinye isikhathi amamaki angaba grey ngenqwaba. Izifo zokukhunta zivela esimweni sezulu esifudumele nesomswakama. Ukutheleleka kusakazeka kusuka emhlabathini, kushaya isihlahla kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, ngenxa yalokho, sonke isitshalo siyafa. | Izingxenye ezithintekile ziyasikwa futhi zishiswe. Isihlahla esisele siphathwa nge fungicides. Kuyadingeka ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalo. |
| I-Chlorosis | Isibonakaliso salesi sifo singamaqabunga aphuzi. Izizathu ezingaba khona:
| Isixazululo senkinga sikhethiwe ngokususelwa kwisizathu esenza ukuthi ukugula kwalesi sifo kube nzima. |
