Apple tree Antonovka evamile kalula kubonakala ngokuqondile iphunga elimnandi elimnandi.
Yena inyama enomuncu nomuncu unesisindo esanele, futhi isikhumba esibucayi esicwebile, esibucayi sikhangayo ngokubukeka.
Kufike ku-90% isivuno kufanelekile ukudayiswa okusha. Kuyafaneleka ukulungiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamabhandedi ebusika, okuhlwabusayo kwifomu ehlutshiwe.
Okuqhubekayo kulesi sihloko - incazelo yezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-Antonovka ezijwayelekile kanye nesithombe sezithelo zawo.
Uhlobo luni?
Antonovka ejwayelekile - ebusika (ekwindla sekwephuzile) ukuphakama okuphezulu nokuhlukahluka okuphelile kwesikhathi nge-hardiness ebusika omuhle.
I-Aphrodite, i-Babushkino, i-Orlik, i-Orlovskoye Polesye ne-Winter Beauty nayo ingezinhlobo zezinhlobo zasebusika.
Isikhathi sokuphumelela komzimba ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe yizithelo, ubude besikhathi sokugcina ama-apula asusiwe (ikhwalithi yokugcina), kuncike ekutheni indawo yendawo ekhulayo isendaweni.
Hlunga ukuzimela. Izithelo ezinhle zizohlinzekela indawo enezinhlobo ezahlukene: i-Anise, i-Autumn Striped, Welsey, i-Pepin Saffron.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Antonovka ezivamile
Kunzima kumuntu ongewona ochwepheshe ukuba abheke izitshalo ze-Antonovka, ukuthi lezi zibonelo ezinzima zigcina zibe izihlahla ezinamandla zokusabalalisa, ukubekezelela kahle amaRussia abanolaka frost nemimoya eqinile.
Izitshalo, izihlahla ezincane zinayo umqhele oval. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, "yakhonza" ngobubanzi futhi iba sphericalkancane flattened phezulu.
Amagatsha amakhulu amahlumela aqala ukukhula ngokufana nesiqu, futhi ekugcineni asakaze emaceleni. Amagatsha anele. I-fructification esemqoka iwela emagatsheni amakhulu kuneminyaka emithathu. Amahlumela aqoshiwe, afakwe esigabeni.
Umbala we-trunk, amagxolo emagatsheni aneminyaka engaphezu kwemibili ubudala afudumele.
Umbala wamahlamvu, atholakala kuma-petioles amafushane abasebenza ngokubanzi-lancet, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuma kuyisimo se-oblong-ovate.
Amaphethelo angama-serrate-crenate, afakiwe. Ubuso bekhasi buxubaniswe ngokulinganisela.
Imifino emifino emikhulu ibomhlophe ngendwangu ebomvu engabonakali, ekhuphuka emaphethelweni. Amapetali anesimo se-oblong, afanelana omunye nomunye, okwenza "isoso" enhle kakhulu. Ama-pestles awahlanganisiwe, ama-stigmas ngaphezu kwe-anthers.
Ama-apula ahlaziye anemibala ephuzi ngophawu oluthile oluhlaza, olubizwa "I-Antonov" ukunambitheka. Izithelo medium noma enkulu (kufika ku-300 g), i-ribbed kancane.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, iphunga elimnandi lezithelo landa, i-green ebb iyanyamalala ngokuphelele. Ikhasi libushelelezi, kuphela ubuso bomngcwabo kanye nendawo encane ngaphandle kwayo nge "rust".
Ama-apula akhula phakathi kwezikhwama zezithelo anesakhiwo esizungezile, esicwiliswe kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini eziphezulu nezansi, futhi atholakala ohlangothini - ohlangene kakhulu. Ingxenye engezansi yesithelo ingcono kakhulu kakade.
I-calyx ivaliwe, "yaphelelwa yisikhathi" emsizeni omncane wepolisi. I-Podchashechnaya tube ine-shape yangempela-conical noma yomngcele.
Uma usika u-Antonovka ovuthiwe ovamile, kusobala ukuthi:
- inyama ephuzi,
- dense,
- amanzi,
- i-axial cavity ayibonakali kalula,
- ukuxhumeka kwesigcawu se-axial nezindawo zembewu akubonakali kubonakala.
KUBALULEKILE! Izithelo zibambelele emagatsheni kuze kufike ukuvuthwa okugcwele, uma izihlahla zingenalo ukusilela komswakama.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Amarekhodi we-Antonovka isikhulumi esivamile ahlongozwa njengezinhlobonhlobo eziphethwe emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka adlule ngabalimi baseRussia abadalwa ngokutshalwa isikhathi eside kwezinzalo zezihlahla ze-apula zasendle.
Ezindaweni zayo, ochwepheshe banamuhla bathola izinhlobo eziningana ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene (A. amnandi, iA. white, i-half-foot) nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezakhiwe ngokuwela i-Antonovka vulgaris nezinye izinhlobo ze-apula (Bogatyr, Cherry, Imrus, Orlov, Ubuhlobo Babantu).
Isifunda esikhulayo
Izifunda ezivela lapho izinhlobonhlobo zisakaze khona - Izifundazwe zaseTula naseKursk.
Namuhla uzalwa Oryol, Penza, Bryansk, eMoscow, eKaluga, Lipetsk, eRyazan, eTula amapulazi angadini, in "izindawo ezibandayo" zase-Ukraine, eBelarus.
Izinga lokugcina irekhodi lezithelo ze-Antonovka ezijwayelekile (ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo) kubonakala ema-apula atholakala ezihlahleni ezivela ezifundeni ezinomfudumalo oshisayo obandayo kanye nobusika obusika obusika.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lemibandela yokugcina liphinde lithinte ubude bokuphila kwesikhala sesithelo.
Kulezi zifunda, izinhlobo ze-apula zikhulile ngempumelelo: uMelba, u-Idared, uGranny Smith, u-Anis Sverdlovsk noLobo.
Ukuthela
Ukuhlukanisa izihlahla ezivuthiwe ziyakwazi ukunikeza kuze kube tonathani zezithelo zokuvuna. Isilinganiso semithi eminingi yama-apula 300-400 kg.
Izithelo ezinkulu kunazo zonke, ezivame ukwakhiwa kuphela emithini emincane, isisindo angaphezu kuka-340 g. Okuvamile i-apula isisindo -150-200
Izimali zokuqala eziphawulekayo ze-Antonovka zenzelwe Unyaka wesi-5-7 ngemuva kokuqedwa ngokuphumelelayo.
Isikhathi sokuvunwa kwe-apula enkulu ngo-September - uma kunezinsuku eziningi ezishisayo ehlobo.
Ngehlobo elishisayo elishisayo, ukuqoqa izithelo kuqala Okthoba, ngaleyo ndlela uthole ithuba lokugcina ama-apula ahle kakhulu umthengi ukhala kuze kufike phakathi nobusika, nangaphambi kokuqala kwentwasahlobo.
Izitshalo eziphezulu zingaziqhayisa izinhlobo: Ukulimala, uKorey, u-Elena, uJonagold no-Bratchud.
Isitoreji
Izincomo eziyisisekelo zokunweba impilo ye-shelf yama-apula akhishiwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isethulo nesinambitha:
Ama-apula ayenqatshelwe ukususa umuthi, njengoba lokhu kuzoholela ekubolekeni okusheshayo kwesithelo ezindaweni ezithintekayo.
Izithelo zokugcina isikhathi eside kufanele zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele ekuvuthweni kwezobuchwepheshe.
Uma ubeka ama-apula ku-container yokuhambisa, gwema ukushaya izithelo ngomunye nomunye noma ngokumelene nodonga lwesitsha.
Ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe egumbini elingaphansi, indawo yokugcina impahla noma isitoreji, ama-apula aqinisekisiwe, ususe isithelo, ube nomonakalo omncane esikhumbeni.
Izithelo ezihleliwe zigcinwe ngamabhokisi amapulangwe, amaplastiki nama-chips noma zihlanganiswe ephepheni elihlukile, iphepha lokulandelela.
Ukushisa okuphezulu kwemoya ekamelweni lapho ama-apula agcinwa khona: 1.4-1.8 ° C.
Ukuba khona kwesistimu ye-ventilation ekhona kwandisa ikhwalithi yokugcina yesithelo.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Bhalisa insimu yezithelo ze-apula encane ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Uma isifunda sihlukile ehlobo elomile, khona-ke ukhetho lwesibili yisikhathi sokutshala izithombo.
Ngaphambi kokuba izihlahla zifinyelele eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, kufanele kuqhutshwe njalo. Ukuze kusinde okungcono kommeleli wezinhlobonhlobo, umhlabathi ozungeze umuthi ungabhekwa ngendwangu.
Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina izinga eliphezulu lokuswakama elizungeze izimpande, okubaluleke kakhulu ku-Antonovka, evamile noma yimuphi ubudala.
Izitshalo ze-Antonovka ziyabiza kakhulu, njengoba isivuno semikhiqizo yekhwalithi enhle yezohwebo, efanelekile ukubeka ingadi encane, ingaphansi kwesigamu somthamo wezinto ezitshalwe phansi bese zihlanganiswa.
Uma utshala izithombo ezikhulile / ezitholakalayo, ukujula kwezimbobo, ingxube yomhlabathi kanye namanyolo kufana nezinye izinhlobo.
Njengoba kunikezwa ubuthakathaka obungokwenyama kwezithombo zaminyaka yonke kanye ne-biennial, uma ukutshala kufanele qiniseka ukufaka isikhonkwane eside esiseduze eduze kwesihlahlabese ubopha umuthi we-apula kuwo.
Ngaphambi kokubeka umsila emgodini oqediwe, phansi kufanele kube okwanele ukugcoba, ukuthululela okungaphansi kwesibhakede samanzi.
Ukuhlola njalo imiqhele yezihlahla ezincane, kuvumela ukuhlonza ngesikhathi esifanele kwamagatsha abuthakathaka, okumele asuswe.
Lokhu kuzovumela amandla omuthi ukuba akhe umqhele onempilo womumo oyifunayo.
I-Antonovka vulgaris izothela isivuno esiningi esivela eziqhingini ezingekho ezinkulu kakhulu, kodwa nakwezithelo zakudala, zanikezwa:
- ekhula ezindaweni ezisenyakatho
- ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba ezinamanzi amaningi.
Uma ufisa ukuthola izithelo ezinkulu ezithengiswa ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokususwa, inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla kufanele igcinwe ngaphansi kwe-steam emnyama.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Apple-tree i-Antonovka evamile imelana nokukhwehlela futhi idlulisela le mfanelo ezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha lapho iwela.
Ukuzivikela kwezinye izifo emisebenzini evamile yezolimo (ukukhishwa kwesikhashana ngesikhathi somhlabathi, ukugcoba okwezinkathi ezithile, ukuvikelwa kweziqu ezivela kumagundane, ukupompa ngezikhathi ezithile ngamakhemikhali, kucatshangelwa izinsongo ezikhona).
Ukuze kuvikelwe ukulimala kwezitshalo nge-moth nezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane, sebenzisa:
- i-chlorophos ne-karbofos,
- entobacterin ehlanzekile
- ingxube ye-entobacterin ene-chlorophos.
Ungayeki ukuvimbela izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla zezithelo ze-apula, isibonelo, i-Codling moth, i-fruit marmot, i-moth yezimayini, ama-silkworms, ama-haws.
Naphezu kwenani lezinhlobo ezintsha zezihlahla ze-apula ebusika, u-Antonovka vulgaris uyaqhubeka ekhula emasimini akhethekile nalawo asezingeni eliphansi.
Ukumelene nomonakalo ovamile we-apula izihlahla, ngaphandle kokuhlupheka ngokwalo, ukugcina ubusika obusika baseRussia, kuyinto enakekelayo enenzuzo, ezobhekana nesitshalo esiningi sezithelo ezinkulu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngephunga elimnandi.
Buka ividiyo mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula Antonovka
