I-Actinidia ingumvini othembisayo othembisayo wokutshala ingadi yama-amateur. Amajikijolo ayo ayaziswa ngokunambitheka kwawo okuhle nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini, ngokuyinhloko i-ascorbic acid. Lesi sitshalo sokuqala esingenakuzithoba sihlobisa isiza, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-actinidia zibanda kakhulu ebusika, kanti ezinye ziphumelela kuphela ezindaweni eziphansi.
Actinidia - Vitamin Liana
Zonke izinhlobo ze-actinidia ziyimivini enokhuni engapheli etholakala emvelweni emahlathini ansundu, anomswakama e-East Asia. E-Russian Far East, izinhlobo ezi-4 ze-actinidia zikhula ngokuqinile: i-colomict, isithembu, ingxabano neGiraldi.
Umlando wokutshala kwe-Actinidia
E-Russia, ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo zasendaweni eseMpumalanga Ekude ye-actinidia kwaqala engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19. Umqambi wezinhlobo zokuqala ezifuywayo wayengumfuyi odumile u-Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin.
I-Chinese actinidia kade yakhula ezingadini zamaShayina, kepha yaqhubeka isiko lendawo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XX, kwalethwa eNew Zealand, lapho kwakhiwa khona izinhlobo zezithelo ezinkulu ezinkulu, ezathola igama lokuthengisa "Kiwi".
Izithelo ze-Kiwi zingabonakala kunoma yiliphi esitolo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-actinidia
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-actinidia ezinezithelo ezidliwayo.
Izinhlobo ezinezithelo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zine-Chinese subinropropian (kiwi), kanye nezinhlobo eziqina kakhulu ebusika, i-actinidiaxabanoa nezinhlobonhlobo ze-actinidia ezi-purple.
Ngenhloso yokuthengisa, abakhiqizi abaningi bezinto zokutshala basebenzisa amagama akhangayo "i-Arctic kiwi", "kiwi hardy kiwi", "mini-kiwi" nokunye okufana nalokho ezincwadini zabo zokukhangisa, lapho kufihlwa khona izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokuphikisana kwe-actinidia kanye nekholomu.
I-Actinidia colomict nokuphikisana (ividiyo)
Izinhlobo ezingamelana neqhwa kakhulu kwi-actinidia colomict. I-Actinidia yengxabano nesithembu ingamelana kalula namaqhwa kuphela eMpumalanga Ekude, lapho iqhwa elinamandla lihlala khona bonke ubusika futhi ngisho namazinga okushisa agcinwa ngaphandle kobusika. Ubusika base-Yurobhu obune umehluko obandayo wokushisa bubangela ukuba bashiye kusenesikhathi isimo sabo esishisayo abese ebanda lapho amakhaza ebuya.
I-Chinese actinidia (i-okumnandi i-actinidia, i-kiwi)
Kwasekhaya - amahlathi asezintabeni aseChina angaphansi kwezwe. Emvelweni ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-10-20 ubude. Amacembe abanzi-ovoid, amakhulu kakhulu, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, angaba nesiqalo ekugcineni noma ngesiphuzu esikhombe. Lapho ukuqhakaza, izimbali zimhlophe noma ukhilimu, bese kancane kancane ziphuzi ziphuzi. Ama-stamens aphuzi. Izithelo ziba sesimweni esihle, ezinobukhulu obumbala onsundu, zihlala ziluhlaza ngaphakathi noma zivuthwe ngokuphelele. Isisindo sezithelo sisukela ku-30 g ezitshalweni zasendle kuya ku-100-150 g ezinhlotsheni ezitshaliwe. Izithelo ezingavuthiwe zigcinwa kahle futhi zithatheke kakhulu, khona-ke egumbini elifudumele zivuthwa kalula ukuvuthwa okugcwele.
I-Kiwi - i-actinidia yase-China (igalari yezithombe)
- Kushiya ama-Chinese Actinidia (Kiwi)
- Izimbali zabesifazane baseChinese actinidia (kiwi)
- Izimbali Zase-Chinese Actinidia Zamaduna (Kiwi)
- Actinidia (Kiwi) Allison
- Actinidia (Kiwi) Russian Hayward
- I-Actinidia (Kiwi) Monti S
- Actinidia (Kiwi) Kivaldi
Kunezinhlobo zase-Russian ze-kiwi ezenzelwe indawo engaphansi kweNyakatho yeCaucasus. Zonke-ke ziyazenzela futhi zidinga ipollinator. Ngaphandle kwe-subtropics, akubona ubusika-Hardy.
Ukucaciswa kanye nezinhlamvu ze-kiwi izinhlobo (ithebula)
| Isihloko | Usayizi wezithelo | Izici | Umsuka wezinhlobonhlobo |
| I-Hayward Russian | 90-130 g | Ukuvuthwa okufika lapho, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu, nokunambitheka okwejwayelekile kwe-kiwi | I-Russia, iSochi, iSikhungo Sokucwaninga Se-Russian Sonke Sezitshalo Zezimbali kanye Nezitshalo Ezingaphansi Kwesitshalo |
| Imizi s | 64-85 g | Isizini ephakathi, ukunambitheka okumnandi, okunephunga le-sitrobheli-iphunga | |
| Allison | 55-65 g | Ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukunambitheka okumnandi, nephunga le-chamois | |
| Kivaldi | 75-100 g | Ukunambitheka kade, okumuncu okumuncu, nokunambitheka okwejwayelekile kwe-kiwi |
Izimpikiswano ze-Actinidia (i-acute actinidia), i-aimurea ne-Giraldi
Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zisondele kakhulu futhi ziyahlangana kalula, ngakho-ke amanye ama-botanists awahlanganisa abe yinhlobo eyodwa - i-actinid agumenti (i-acinent antinidia).
Ama-Creepers afinyelela kumamitha ayi-15-30 ubude. Amaqabunga yi-Rhomboid-oval enepipi elibukhali. Izimbali zimhlophe, ama-stamens amnyama. Izimbali ngoJuni, ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo ngoSepthemba - Okthoba. Amajikijolo ayindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi enekhala elincane. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, ngaphandle kwe-pubescence. E-actinidia ngenhloso eyize kanye nzalo ngokubamba iqhaza kwayo, lapho sesivuthiwe, izithelo ziphenduka zibe nsomi, ku-actinidia, izimpikiswano neGiraldi zihlala ziluhlaza. Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-20 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye.
I-Actinidia Argument (Igalari Yezithombe)
- Amaqabunga e-Actinidia Argument
- Izimpikiswano zabesilisa i-actinidia yezimbali
- Izimbali zokuphikisana kwabesifazane i-actinidia
- Isenzo se-Actinidia Issei
- U-Actinidia uxabana noGeneva
- I-Actinidia Argument Kiev Krupnoplodnaya
- Izingxabano ze-Actinidia Kokuva
- Isakhiwo se-Actinidia Argument Purple
- I-Actinidia Argument Septhemba (i-Emerald)
Ukucaciswa kanye nokwenziwa kwezinhlobo zezingxabano ze-actinidia (ithebula)
| Isihloko | Usayizi wezithelo | Izici | Umsuka wezinhlobonhlobo |
| Ingadi engu-Purple (Ingadi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) | cishe i-5.5 g | Kuvuthwa ekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Kumajikijolo avuthiwe, inyama nesikhumba kungububende obukhanyayo. Ibanga lezindawo eziseningizimu | E-Ukraine |
| I-Kiev Enkulu enezithelo | 15-18 g | Amajikijolo aluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi nge-hue encane onsomi, uvuthwe ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Ibanga lezindawo eziseningizimu | |
| Issei | 5-8 g | Amajikijolo aluhlaza. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuzitholela impova. Kade kakhulu, uvuthwa ngo-Okthoba. Ukumelana buthakathaka | Japan |
| Kodwa | 5-10 g | Amajikijolo aluhlaza. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuzitholela impova. Uvuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba- Okthoba. Ukumelana buthakathaka | |
| IGeneva | 6-9 g | Amajikijolo aluhlaza ngombala omncane obomvu. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala (ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba), kubusika obuqine kakhulu | Melika |
| Septhemba (Emerald) | 7-10 g | Amajikijolo aluhlaza, avuthwe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Izinhlobonhlobo ziba nzima ebusika | E-Ukraine |
Izinhlobonhlobo ezibizwa nge- "Septhemba" zinombango we-actinidia kanye ne-actinidia colomict. Lezi izitshalo ezihluke ngokuphelele, ungahlanganisi!
Actinidia colomictus
I-Liana kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-10-15 ubude. Amaqabunga abunjiwe ngenhliziyo enepipi elibukhali, elibunjiwe ngokuqinile phansi kwesihlahla seqabunga. Ngasikhathi sinye ngokubonakala kwamahlamvu, ingxenye yamaqabunga imbozwe izindawo ezimhlophe noma ezimhlophe-eziqhubekayo ehlobo. Okuhlukahlukene kubonakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinelanga. Izimbali zimhlophe, ama-stamens aphuzi. Izimbali ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - Juni, amajikijolo avuthiwe ngo-Agasti - Septhemba. Amajikijolo avuthiwe ahlala eluhlaza. Amajikijolo angavuthiwe alukhuni futhi aluhlaza, avuthwe ngokugcwele - athambile futhi esobala. Lapho sesivuthiwe, amajikijolo ayabuna kalula. Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-5-7 kg esihlahleni ngasinye. I-Hardin Hardy ebusika kunazo zonke i-actinidia.
I-Actinidia colomicta (igalari yezithombe)
- Amaqabunga e-actinidia colomict ahlukahlukene wesilisa u-Adamu
- Izimbali ze-actinidia zesilisa
- Izimbali zabesifazane ze-actinidia colomict
- Actinidia colomict Anastasia
- Actinidia Colomict Aromatic
- Actinidia Colomict Abundant
- Actinidia colomictus Gourmet
- Actinidia colomict september
Ukuchaza kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-actinidia colomict (ithebula)
| Isihloko | Usayizi wezithelo | Izici | Umsuka wezinhlobonhlobo |
| Septhemba | 3-4 g | Mid-late (ukuphela kuka-Agasti - maphakathi no-Septhemba) | IRussia |
| Anastasia | 3 g | Ibanga elidala I.V. Michurin. Kuvuthwa ngo-Agasti | |
| Okuningi | 2.8-3.2 g | Ukuvuthwa kokuqala (maphakathi no-Agasti), nokunambitheka kukaphayini | |
| Gourmet | 4-5 g | Mid-isizini (ukuphela kuka-Agasti), nokunambitheka kukaphayini | |
| Okucwebile | 3-4 g | Ukuvuthwa kokuqala (maphakathi no-Agasti), nephunga le-nutmeg | |
| Adamu | Ukuhlobisa izinhlobonhlobo ngezimbali zesilisa, akukutheli izithelo | Amaqabunga amahle apinki namhlophe |
I-polygamous actinidia (i-actinidia enezinhlobo eziningi)
Liana kufika kumamitha langu-5 lide. Amaqabunga angama-oval-cordate anensipho ebukhali ende, ukusikwa kwesisekelo se-petiole kuvezwa buthaka. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, amanye amaqabunga ambozwe izindawo ezimhlophe. Izimbali zimhlophe, ama-stamens aphuzi. Izimbali ngoJuni, ukuvuna amajikijolo ngoSepthemba. Amajikijolo avuthiwe angumbala wewolintshi okhanyayo, onambitheka ongokoqobo wepelepele.
I-Actinidia polygamum (igalari yezithombe)
- Amaqabunga e-actinidia polygam endaweni enelanga enamabala amhlophe
- Izimbali Zamaduna Zase-Actinidia Polygamum ziqoqwe eBhulashi
- Izimbali zabesifazane ze-actinidia polygamum zihlelwe kube munye
- Izithelo ezingavuthiwe ze-actinidia polygam apricot
- Cishe izithelo ezivuthiwe ze-actinidia polygamum Yellow spindle
- Izithelo ezivuthwe ngokuphelele ze-actinidia polygam
Amajikijolo angavuthiwe anokunambitha okushisayo kwepelepele, ngakho-ke kuvunwa kuphela ekuvuthweni okugcwele lapho eba uthambile futhi esobala.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobo ze-Actinidia polygamum (itafula)
| Isihloko | Usayizi wezithelo | Izici | Umsuka wezinhlobonhlobo |
| I-Apricot | 2,9 g ngokwesilinganiso | Amajikijolo aphuzi-orange, ukunambitheka kwepelepele elimnandi, ngaphandle komunyu, ngephunga le-pepper | ERussia, eMoscow |
| Intombazane ebomvu | 4.4-5.6 g | Amajikijolo angumbala wewolintshi, ukunambitheka okusha futhi okumnandi, onephunga elikhanyayo le-pepper | |
| I-spindle ephuzi | 3.7-6.4 g | Amajikijolo awolintshi, ukunambitheka kwepelepele elimnandi nephunga le-pepper | IRussia, iVladivostok |
I-Actinidia polygamum eBelarus (ividiyo)
Ukucacisa, ukuhlukaniswa kwezici nobulukhuni busika bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-Actinidia (ithebula)
| Isihloko | Usayizi we-Berry | Izici ezihlukanisayo | Ukuqina kobusika emvelweni |
| I-Chinese actinidia (i-okumnandi i-actinidia, i-kiwi) | 30-150 g | Amaqabunga abanzi-ovate, anesinothi noma ithiphu ebukhali, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinemibala. Izimbali kuqala zimhlophe noma ukhilimu, bese ziphenduka ziphuzi. Ama-stamens aphuzi. Izithelo zi-oval, ezine-pubescence emsundu onsundu | -10-15 ° C |
| Izingxabano ze-Actinidia, Magenta, Giraldi nama-Hybrids abo | 5-18 g | Amaqabunga yi-rhomboid-oval enepipi elibukhali, ngaphandle kwamabala emibala. Izimbali zimhlophe, ama-stamens amnyama. Izithelo ziluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi, kwesinye isikhathi ngekhala elincanyana, isikhumba sibushelelezi, ngaphandle kwe-pubescence | Ukuphikisana kwe-Actinidia ne-Giraldi-28- 35 ° C, i-Actinidia e-purple kanye no-nzalo wawo kuya ku-25 ° C |
| Actinidia colomictus | 3-5 g | Amacembe amise okwenhliziyo, kuvame ukuba namabala amhlophe noma apinki. Izimbali zimhlophe, ama-stamens aphuzi. Amajikijolo ayindilinga ngaphandle kwakhala, abushelelezi, aluhlaza ekuvuthweni okugcwele. Lapho uvuthwa, uyakhubeka | -40-45 ° C |
| I-polygamous actinidia (i-actinidia enezinhlobo eziningi) | 2.9-6.4 g | Amacembe amise okwenhliziyo, imvamisa enamabala amhlophe. Izimbali zimhlophe, ama-stamens aphuzi. Amajikijolo akhulisiwe ngekhala elibukhali, elibushelelezi, eliwolintshi elivuthiwe ekuvuthweni okugcwele. Amajikijolo angavuthiwe abe nokunambitheka okubomvu kwepelepele | -28-35 ° C |
Izici zokukhula kwe-actinidia ezifundeni ezihlukile
Ngakho-ke i-Actinidia ikhula kahle futhi inikeze isivuno esiningi samajikijolo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu esifundeni.
Ukukhula kwe-actinidia e-Urals, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude
Ezimweni ezinzima zase-Urals naseSiberia, kuphela i-actinidia ebusika ebusika kakhulu yekolomict ekhula kahle futhi ithela izithelo. EMpumalanga Ekude, zonke izinhlobo ezivela emahlathini aseduze (i-actinidia colomicta, isithembu, ingxabano neGiraldi) kanye nezindlela zabo zamasiko zokuzalela lendawo eseMpumalanga Ekude ziphathwa kahle. Izinhlobo zase-Europe azikhuli kahle ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wesimo sezulu. I-Actinidia Purpurea kanye neChinese ebusika iqhwa nakanjani.
Ukutshala kwe-actinidia esifundeni saseLeningrad nakwezinye izindawo zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga
Lapha, yi-Colinict actinidia kuphela ekhula kahle futhi inikeze isivuno esizinzileyo. Kwezinye izinhlobo, akukho ukushisa okwanele kwehlobo. Ihlobo elinomswakama elinamafutha lijabulisa kakhulu lolu siko.
Ukukhula kwe-actinidia enkabeni yeRussia, kufaka phakathi isifunda saseMoscow
Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okukhethekile, i-actinidia colomict kuphela ekhula futhi ithembeke ngokuthela izithelo. Ezindaweni ezinesimo esihle se-microclimate, i-polystous actinidia kanye nezindlela zobusika eziqinile kakhulu ze-actinidia zingakhula. I-Actinidia aimurea kanye nesiShayina kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ziqandisa.
Ukulinywa kwe-actinidia eBelarus, enyakatho ye-Ukraine kanye nasezifundeni ezingomakhelwane zeRussia
Ngokuvamile, isifunda esithanda i-actinidia enesimo sezulu esinomswakama, ihlobo elifudumele nobusika obude nobusika abuthambile. Zonke izinhlobo ze-actinidia zikhula kahle, ngaphandle kwe-Chinese actinidia.
Ukutshala i-Actinidia eningizimu ye-Ukraine nasezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia
Inkinga enkulu yokukhula kwe-actinidia endaweni ye-steppe ukushisa kwehlobo nomoya owomile. Lapho utshala emthunzini oyingxenye futhi uvame ukuthambisa umoya nenhlabathi, zonke izinhlobo ze-actinidia zingatshalwa.
Ukunisela kukhulisa umswakama womoya
Ugu lolwandle olumnyama lweRussia ne-Ukraine lufanele i-thermophilic Chinese Actinidia (kiwi). Ikhula kahle impela ezindaweni ezinomswakama ze-Krasnodar Territory. Esikhathini sobusika obubanda kakhulu, iziqu zakhe zobusika zisuswa kwizisekeli futhi zimbozwe ngemakethi womhlanga, umhlaba noma i-agrofibre.
I-actinidia ye-self-pollinating: iqiniso nenkohliso
Zonke izinhlobo ze-actinidia ziyizitshalo ezihlukahlukayo ngokwemvelo, izimbali zazo zesifazane nezowesilisa zitholakala kumamodeli ahlukene. Izimbali zi-melliferous futhi zithuthelwa impova yizinyosi. Ama-stamens akhona ezimbali zezinsikazi anekhwalithi ephansi yempova, ayanele ekuthini impova iphelele. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zokuzitholela impova lapho izimbali zesifazane ezithile zibopha amajikijolo angawodwa kusuka kumpova wawo. Kepha uma kuvinjelwa impova evamile, umkhiqizo wazo uzoba kaningi ephakeme, futhi amajikijolo amakhudlwana. Abanye abathengisi bezithombo bathule ngalezi zici, beqa igama elithi "ngokwengxenye" ngokungazi noma ngokungazi.
Emasimini amateur, ukukhohlisa kokuzenzisa kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka uma isitshalo esisodwa se-actinidia singavotelwa ngumhlobo wesilisa wohlobo olufanayo olukhula endaweni eseduze.
Ungasihlukanisa kanjani isitshalo sowesilisa kowesifazane
Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwamakhophi abesilisa nabesifazane be-actinidia kungenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Enkabeni yezimbali zabesifazane phakathi kwabanogada, i-ovary of the berry esizayo ene-pestle emise inkanyezi phezulu ibonakala ngokushesha.
Embali eyodwa ye-actinidia yowesifazane, i-ovary berry yesikhathi esizayo ibonakala kahle
Izimbali ze-actinidia zesilisa zinama-stamens kuphela, azinayo i-ovary.
Izimbali ze-actinidia zesilisa eziqoqwe ebhulashi azinawo amaqanda
E-actinidia colomictus kanye nesithembu, izimbali zabesifazane zihlelwe ngokuqondile noma ngababili, kuyilapho izimbali zabesilisa zihlelwe ngezandla ezincane, imvamisa izimbali ezi-3 inye. E-actinidia yengxabano (onsomi, uGiraldi) no-kiwi (umlingisi waseChinese), zombili izimbali zabesilisa nabesifazane zihlelwe ngamabhulashi aphakathi nendawo.
Umbala ohlukahlukene wamaqabunga uyenzeka kuzo zombili izitshalo owesilisa nowesifazane. Kukholelwa ukuthi izitshalo zesilisa ziba amabala kakhulu futhi zikhanya kakhulu, kepha lolu phawu alunembile ngokwanele ukuthola ubulili.
Ukutshala i-Actinidia
I-Actinidia etshalwe entwasahlobo. Inketho ekahle ukutshala endaweni enjalo ukuze izitshalo ezincane zisemthunzini, futhi njengoba zikhula, izihloko eziphezulu zemivini zikhanyiswe kahle ekuseni nakusihlwa kusihlwa. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo okungenani amamitha ayi-2. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kwenziwa izisekeli ezinamandla zama-lianas, zenziwe ngensimbi noma ngokhuni ezifakwe ngokucophelela nge-antiseptic. Izindawo ezihamba phambili ezihamba phambili cishe zingamamitha ayi-2-2,5 ukuphakama.
Ukuxhaswa okuthembekile kuyadingeka ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kanye nokuthwala kwe-actinidia.
Izinhlobo ezihlukene ze-actinidia azivunduzwanga phakathi kwazo (ngaphandle kwesisekelo se-purpurea esihlangene, i-Giraldi nokuphikisana, lezi zinhlobo ezi-3 zi-pollinated. Isilinganiso esifanele lapho ukutshala izitshalo 2 zabesilisa kowesifazane ongu-10. Amakhophi abesilisa nabesifazane bohlobo ngalunye abekwa eduzane.
I-Actinidia idinga inhlabathi ekhanyayo elula, i-acidity kusuka kubuthakathaka obuthakathaka kuya kokungathathi hlangothi. Ayibekezeleli inhlabathi ye-carbonate enwebeme ngokweqile kanye namaxhaphozi anomswakama osimeme. Emaphepheni asindayo, udaka lwamatshe olwephukile lubekwa phansi phansi imigodi yokutshala. Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo ziniselwa kakhulu. Izithombo ezitshalwe endaweni evulekile zihlala zithunzi ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka. Kobusika, kuthuthukiswa ukumboza izitshalo ezincane ngamagatsha e-spruce.
Ngokutshala, kungcono ukusebenzisa izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe, kulula ukuthatha izimpande
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Actinidia
I-Actinidia ifuneka kakhulu emoyeni nasenhlabathini enomswakama. Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, sidinga ukuniselwa okungenani izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto, cishe amabhakede angama-1-3 amanzi ngesitshalo ngasinye, kuye ngosayizi waso. Kungcono ukuthi mulch enhlabathini ngaphansi kwezivini ngamapulangwe ezinkuni, sawdust noma amahlamvu ngonyaka odlule ukugcina umswakama nokuvikela ukukhula kokhula.
I-mulching actinidia isiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini
I-Trinming Actinidia
Ukuthenwa okuyinhloko kwe-actinidia kwenziwa ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvunwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, zonke amahlumela aqobayo aqinayo ayisikiwe. Kunciphisa amahlumela amade kakhulu. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqothuka kwe-efihlekile, i-actinidia ine-sap flow eqinile, ngalesi sikhathi akunakwenzeka ukunquma, isitshalo singafa. Amagatsha aqandisiwe ebusika agawulwa kamuva lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuqhakaza.
Yondla i-Actinidia
Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi engaphansi kwe-actinidia ivundiswa ngeqabunga le-humus ngesilinganiso sebhakede eli-1 ngemitha eyodwa. Awukwazi ukugaya ngaphansi kwe-actinidia, izimpande zakhona azijulile, ngakho-ke i-humus imane nje isakazeke ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi futhi imbozwe nge-mulch.
Umquba omusha noma ulamula akumele wengezwe ngaphansi kwe-actinidia; isitshalo sizofa.
Izinkinga nokulimala kwe-actinidia
I-Actinidia ayonakaliswa yizifo nezinambuzane zezinambuzane, ngakho-ke akukho ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okudingekayo.
Isitha kuphela se-actinidia ngamakati. Izimpande, amahlumela namaqabunga alesi sitshalo aqukethe amakhemikhali athinta amakati amaningi njenge-valerian ne-catnip (catnip). Izitshalo ezincane ze-actinidia zithinteka ikakhulukazi emakati. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo kufanele ziboshwe ngotshani obukhulu bensimbi.
Ukuze uvikele emakati, izitshalo ze-actinidia zifakwe yiseyili elihlala isikhathi eside
Izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-actinidia (ithebula)
| Kubukeka kanjani | Yini le | Ukuthi wenzeni ngakho |
| Izindawo ezimhlophe noma ezimhlophe-ezimhlophe ngamaqabunga | Umbala wemvelo, izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-actinidia polygamus kanye ne-colomictus | Ungenzi lutho, kulungile |
| Entwasahlobo, amaqabunga amancane namahlumela asheshe aba mnyama bese aphela, njengokushiswa | Umonakalo weqhwa | Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, amaqabunga amasha avela kuma-buds okulala azokhula. Izitshalo ezitshalwe eduze kwezindonga eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezakhiwo zihlupheka kancane ngenxa yamaqhwa. Imivini emincane ingambozwa ngefilimu noma i-agrofiberi uma kungenzeka isongele ukuqhwa. Ezitshalweni eziqhakazayo ngesikhathi sasemini, indawo yokukhosela kumele isuswe ukuze ingcoliswe |
| Ehlobo, lapho kushisa, kunesimo sezulu esomile, amaqabunga ayaphela futhi omile | Ukuntuleka komswakama | Kungcono ukutshala i-actinidia emthunzini oyingxenye, futhi uma utshala endaweni evulekile, kubalulekile emthunzini, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezincane. Ukwengeza umswakama womoya kuzosiza ngokunisela kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu. Esikhathini sasemini, awukwazi ukuna imvula elangeni; kumaqabunga amanzi, ukushiswa yilanga kungenzeka |
| Amaqabunga kanye namahlumela kuyagedwa noma kudliwe ngokuphelele, utshani buchotshozwa buzungeze izitshalo, umhlabathi uyanyathelwa noma ubanjiwe. | Amakati abusa lapha | Ngemuva nje kokutshala, faka i-actinidia ngenetha eliqinile lokuvikela |
Umbala we-motley wamaqabunga e-actinidia colomict kuyinto evamile engokwemvelo
Ukuzala kwe-Actinidia
I-Actinidia ingasakazwa ngokuhlanzayo (nge-cutways ne layering) noma ngembewu. Izimfanelo ezihlukahlukene zidluliswa ngokuphelele kuphela ngenkathi kusakazwa izitshalo.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Actinidia ngokulambisa
Le yindlela elula kakhulu kulabo asevele benesibonelo sezinhlobonhlobo ozifunayo esakhiweni.
I-Actinidia isakazeka kalula ngokubekwa kwezakhi (ngokumba izihloko zezihlumela)
- Entwasahlobo, lapho iqhakaza livuka futhi izitshalo zikhula, udinga nje ukuphina esinye sezimpande emhlabathini bese usisula kahle ukuze isiqongqo saso sikhombe phezulu.
- Ehlobo, ukusika okugxilile kufanele kuniselwe njalo ukuze umhlabathi oseduze kwawo uhlala umanzi kancane.
- Entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, lesi sitshalo esidlulayo singadluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo, sinqume ngokucophelela ihlumela likamama ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga
- Uma isitshalo esincane sibukeka sibuthakathaka kakhulu, kungcono ukusishiya sikwenze omunye unyaka, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibi.
Ukusakazeka kwe-actinidia ngezihlahla
I-Actinidia iphindaphindeka kahle ngemisiko eluhlaza ekugcineni kukaJuni, lapho amahlumela amancane alo nyaka aqeda ukukhula kwawo bese eqala ukuba yokhuni.
I-Actinidia ingasakazwa ngokusikwa okuluhlaza endaweni eluhlaza okulula
Inqubo yokuxhunyelelwa:
- Khetha ipulani ye-penumbra engenakhula, evikelekile elangeni lasemini. Uma inhlabathi ibumba lobumba olusindayo, amasentimitha ayishumi aphezulu enhlabathi kuma-prunus kufanele athathelwe indawo yingxube yesihlabathi nge-humus.
- Kusuka amahlumela aminyene amancane we-actinidia, ukusika ama-cm amasentimitha ubude. Izimbambo ezinciphile ukwedlula ipensela azina izimpande. Faka ukusika ngokushesha ebhakedeni lamanzi ukuze angathandi.
- Sika ngokucophelela amaqabunga aphansi wokusika nge-razor eduze kwesisekelo se-petiole yeqabunga. Kumaqabunga aphezulu, sinqume ingxenye yengxenye yeqabunga ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhwamuka komswakama.
- Izilimo ezilungiselelwe ezibekwe ngokuqondile emhlabathini we-cuticle, zishiya izinso ezi-1-2 ngaphezulu komhlaba. Thela kakhulu kusiphalari sokuchelela ngesifutho.
- Setha ama-arcs ngaphezulu kwe-cutter bese udonsa i-agrofibre emhlophe engaphefumula ukuze phakathi kwesiqalo samaqabunga asikiwe nasendaweni yokukhosela kukhona isikhala samahhala esingamasentimitha ayi-15-20.
- Ngenkathi, izihlahla zokusika kufanele ziniselwe njalo izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto (ekushiseni ngokweqile ngaphandle kwemvula - nsuku zonke kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu) ukuze inhlabathi inomswakama ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Ebusika bokuqala, amakhethini asemasha ku-cuticle kufanele ambozwe ngamaqabunga noma ngamagatsha e-spruce.
- Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, sekuvele kungenzeka ukufudusa izithombo ezitholwe ziye endaweni yokugcina. Ezincane kakhulu futhi ezibuthakathaka kungcono zishiywe komunye unyaka endaweni efanayo yokukhula.
I-Actinidia isakazwe ngembewu
Ukusakazwa kwembewu ye-actinidia akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu ekutshaleni ingadi yama-amateur, ngoba izimfanelo zokuhlukahluka ziyalahleka, futhi phakathi kwezithombo kuzophuma izitshalo ezingamaduna nezowesilisa cishe. Zingahlukaniswa kuphela ngesikhathi sezimbali, ezizodinga ukulinda iminyaka eminingana. Kepha uma ufuna ukuhlolwa, ungazama ukuhlwanyela ubusika engadini. Imizamo yokuhlwanyelwa imbewu esiqandisini sasekhaya noma kuvulandi ayiveli kakhulu ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhlinzeka izinga lokushisa nomswakama oludingekayo.
Imbewu kuphela yesilimo salo nyaka, ekhishwe kuma-amajikijolo athambile ngokugcwele, afanelekile ukuhlwanyelwa. Imbewu yangonyaka odlule ilahlekelwa ukuhluma kwazo. Inqubo imi kanje:
- Qoqa amajikijolo avuthiwe, uwagcine egumbini ngesendlalelo esincanyana kwelinye isonto lokuvuthwa okugcwele. Kufanele ibe ithambile, ibengezele, ibe sobala kusiki.
Ukuthola imbewu, amajikijolo e-Actinidia avunyelwe ukuvuthwa abe yisimo esithambile sombuso
- Hlikihla ngokucophelela amajikijolo alungiselelwe, uwafake engilazini, uthele amanzi ahlanzekile futhi uvuse. Imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme izozinza kube phansi, kanti uginindela uzothothamela phezulu.
- Khipha amanzi, faka imbewu esosweni ungqimba olulodwa bese womile emthunzini. Susa imbewu eyomile esikhwameni sephepha.
- Ngo-Okthoba, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela umbhede osendaweni yomthunzi oyingxenye yokuhlwanyelwa inhlabathi evundile evundiswe nge -hlamvu humus (amabhakede angama-1-2 ngemitha yesikwere). Pheka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukusula ngokuphelele le ndawo yama-rhizomes wokhula olungapheli.
- Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Okthoba. Embhedeni, yenza imifino engashoni ngemuva kwamasentimitha ayi-10- 10, uwachithe ngamanzi avela kumsele wokuthambisa. Sakaza ngokucophelela imbewu ye-actinidia bese ufafaza ngenhlabathi ungqimba cishe isigamu sentimita.
- Amahlumela azovela ngaphambi kukaJuni. Zimbethe kakhulu futhi zivaleke kalula nokhula, ngakho-ke udinga ukhula lwengadi njalo nangokucophelela. Uma izithombo zikhulu kakhulu, kufanele zinwetshwe, kusale okungenani amasentimitha ayi-10-15 phakathi kwezitshalo.
- Ehlobo elomile, umbhede onezithombo kufanele uyophuziswa kusuka kumsele wokunisela nge-sprayer okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto. Kudingeka umthunzi kusuka elangeni lasemini kanye nenethi evikelayo emakati.
- Ubusika, izithombo kufanele zimbozwe ngamaqabunga awile noma ngamagatsha ama-spruce ukuvikela kusihlwa.
- Unyaka wesibili wokuphila, izithombo zihlala engadini efanayo ngokunakekelwa okufanayo.
- Entwasahlobo yonyaka wesithathu, izitshalo ezincane zingadluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukubuyekezwa
Sibe iminyaka eminingi ezweni lakhula i-colomicta, isitshalo esingenathemba ngokuphelele: singatshalwa kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi futhi sinqande indawo. Amakati kuphela asaba iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila.
I-Maroussia (Marina Ivanovna)//forum.homecitrus.ru/topic/305-aktinidii-actinidia-kolomikta-arguta-vse-krome-kivi/
Zonke izinhlobo ze-actinidia zinambitha ohluke ngokuphelele ... I-polygamum, ngokwesibonelo, inambitheka upelepele omnandi, futhi inambitheka kuphela ngesimo esitshiwe. I-Actinidia uqobo lwayo ayinakudonswa impova nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi ngohlobo ngalunye lwe-actinidia (ikholomu, ukuxabana, isithembu) ipollinator yohlobo olufanayo luyadingeka!
Sveta2609//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/125485/
Ibanga Issai limenyezelwe njengezicebile. Nginakho, ngonyaka odlule bekukhona izimbali ezingama-18. Kepha kwakubanda futhi kunemvula. Angizange ngiyivimbe. Futhi kwakungekho amajikijolo. Ngokuqondene nama-colomicts - azikho ezithelayo. Kepha kukhona amajikijolo ngaphandle kwamadoda, mancane futhi mancane. Impova isenokusanhlamvu okuvundile, kodwa amaphesenti amancane kakhulu. Akwanele impova ephelele. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid kanye nokuphikisana - hhayi iMoscow. Ngisho noma ikude kweKiev, ziziphatha ngokujwayelekile - ngokwanele inani lokushisa lanele ngabo. Avuthwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.
UStefan//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=10182&st=220
Iminyaka emithathu yokuqala ye-actinidia kumele ivikelwe emakati. Ikati elinamafutha alimazayo liyadabula futhi lidle izimpande namaqabunga. Kuyadingeka ukubiyela ngegridi enemisebe engu-30cm nokuphakama okungu-1m. Qinisa uthango bese umboza ngegridi enewindi le-5cm.
Alina//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?s=01f337fd55392adb56427163e59faa10&t=3289&page=2
I-Kiwi kuze kube yilapho ifomu futhi ikhava njengamagilebhisi. Nginemikhono eminingana epulazini. Ngenza konke ukwenza kube lula ukugoba phansi, ngoba ukhuni lwe-kiwi lubuthakathaka kunamagilebhisi. Ngimboza ngendlela efanayo nezithelo zomvini ... ngizibeka emhlabathini bese ngizimboza ngesigaxa senjoloba bese ngomhlaba. Ama-Kiwi ebusika ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela ayamangalisa - ebusika obubili bekungekho kubanda, kungekho ukufudumala.
I-Alexey Sh, Kamyshin, isifunda saseVolgograd//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3289&page=3
Ngokukhethwa okuphumelelayo kwezinhlobo ezilungele ubusika be-hardness, ukutshala i-actinidia akunzima ikakhulukazi. Leli liana lihlala isikhathi eside futhi alidingi ukwelashwa okuvikelayo nokuvimbelayo ngama-pesticides. Ukuthola isivuno esimeme, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha kahle ama-pollinators. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukutholwa konyaka kwamajikijolo ama-vithamini.
