I-Cherry iyisiko esasakazeka emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ungayithola kaningi emanzini ase-USSR yangaphambili, kufaka phakathi izingadi zaseRussia naseziqhingini zeDacha.
Lesi simo sengqondo sabalimi siphonsela abalimi ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha nezintsha, nge ukuthuthukiswa komuthi nezithelo zezithelo. Uma ucabangela ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi, khona-ke ngibheka izinhlobo eziningi ze-Chocolate Chocolate eziningi, incazelo kanye nesithombe saso, kanye nolwazi lokuthi ungatshala kanjani Chocolate Chocolate, ungatholakala ngezansi.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Le cherry ibhekisela kuwo isizukulwane esisha nesithuthukayo izithelo isiko.
Ukufinyelela ekubunjweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha, ochwepheshe I-Russian-Scientific Research Institute yaseBrown Fruit Crops (Orel) kwavela isithakazelo sabakhiqizi baseRussia emthini onjalo wezithelo, okwakunganelisa imingcele emibili eyinhloko - kuyoba nezinga eliphezulu ngokwanele lokumelana nesithwathwa futhi lizobe liphansi.
Isimo sokuqala sitholakala ngamathemba okuzalanisa okusebenzayo kwama-Chocolatnits emapulazini e-horticultural ezindaweni zaseRussia.
Futhi, njengoba sekuyaziwa, ingxenye enkulu yensimu yaseRussia Federation ikhona ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esiphezulu nesincane, okungenani, kunzima futhi sinenkinga yokulima ngokuphumelelayo kwezitshalo ze-thermophilic izitshalo.
Engxenyeni yaseRussia, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama cherry yizo eziphanayo, i-Vladimirskaya, i-Moscow Griot.
Ngokuqondene nesici isiqu esifushanele mfuneko yisimiso samashumi eminyaka edlule lapho abalimi abaningi bezama ukwenza ukukhiqizwa kwabo okulula kakhulu futhi okusheshayo ukubuyela.
Isitshalo esiphansi esilula ukugcina. ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi akhethekile nemishini eyengeziwe, yiyona efaneleka kakhulu kulokhu.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-1996, ngenxa yokudlulela ukushintshashintsha kwezikhathi ezihlukahlukene Umthengi omnyama kanye nama-cherry I-Lyubskaya kwavela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezinhle nezitshalo (ababhali - A. Kolesnikov, T. Trofimova, M. Miheeva).
Ngonyaka ofanayo, i-Chocolate, enegama layo lesi sici umbala wekholethi izithelo wangena kwiRejista Yombuso ye-Central Region ye-Russian Federation.
Ngaphandle kwalokho hardiness ebusika kanye nokukhula okuphansiLe-cherry ibhalwe ngamanye amakhono, okuzoxoxwa ngazo ngokuqhubekayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezifana neVolochaevka, Morozovka neVyanok zibonisa ubumnandi obunzima obubusika.
Ukubonakala kwe-Cherry Chocolate
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa yizici ezilandelayo ezihlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo zama cherry.
Isihlahla
Kunokukhula okuncane kakhulu, ukuphakama okuphezulu komuthi kuhluka ngokulinganisa phakathi kuka 2.1-2.5 m. Amagxolo phezu kwesiqu (trunk) ensundu noma emhlophe.
Lesi sitshalo sikhonywe ngobuningi bomqhele womqhele, ohlangene futhi ophakeme ngaphezu komhlaba, obunomumo wepiramidi (inversed) ephikisanayo (ngesisekelo esibukhali nesiphezulu esikhulu).
Amahlumela. Khula ubude obude. Njengomthetho, ngokuqondile. Njengesiqu, emagatsheni amakhulu, igxolo linomsundu nge-gray tinge. Amahlumela ahlakulela amaqabunga ama-buds, aphakathi kuka-3-4 mm ubude. Amafihlekile asesimweni esiqinile, eduze namahlumela.
Amahlamvu. Ukuthuthukisa kusuka ezinsweni, bathola umjikelezo we-oval ovamile. Amaqabunga ama-bicuspid we-Chocolatnica anesisekelo esicacile nesiphuzu esicacile. Hlala emagatsheni ngokusebenzisa isitshalo esingange-1.5 cm ubude. Ngaphansi kweqabunga ukukhanya, phezulu kukhona okuluhlaza okomnyama okomnyama.
Izimbali Umbala omhlophe othakazelisayo, onamafutha avulekile. Ku-one inflorescence encane 3 izimbali ziqoqiwe, okubangela ukuvunwa okuhle okujwayelekile. I-calyx yembali inesimo sensimbi encane ene-sepals eqinile.
Isithelo
Okufaniswe ngu ububanzi obuzungezayo nobukhulu obungaba ngu-18-19 x 16-17 mm. Ubuningi be-cherry eyodwa bufinyelela ku-3.5 - 4 g.
I-bone nxazonke esisisindo isisindo esisodwa kwesisindo sesisindo somntwana. I-Cherry Chocolate yensimbi ithola umbala we-maroon, osesisiteji sokuvuthwa okugcwele kwesithelo ngokuvamile uphenduka waba mnyama ocebile.
Isithelo asigcini ngokuphunyuka ngobude be-32-36 mm. Ubumnyama obomvu obuphakathi kwenyama ye-cherry kanye nelitshe lihlukaniswe kahle komunye nomunye.
Izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu zinomnyama omnyama, uVolochaevka noZhukovskaya.
Isithombe
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Chocolate Cherry zihlukaniswa njengezodwa izithelo izitshalo - okusho yena ingafakwa umquba nge-pollen yayo futhi ayidingi impova yokunye eyengeziwe.
Ukuzikhukhumeza nakho kunememori ye-Enikeeva, iMayak noNovella.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze unikeze okokuqala "Ushokolethi" ngokwanele ngisho nezitshalo eziphakeme, abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho nabahlinzeki batusa ukutshala isihlahla, esinye isilwane sezulu, eduze kwe-cherry yalezi ezihlukahlukene.
Enkambeni yokuvota impova, i-Chocolate ingaba usizo oluhle. I-Cherry ehlukahlukene i-Griot nezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry UVladimir nebhodlela. Uma izihlahla zitshalwe eqenjini, kube nomphumela omkhulu phakathi kwabo. Shiya imvume yokungenani amamitha angu-2-3.
Umuthi wezithelo kulezi zihlukahlukene usho okwanele izitshalo ezithisa ukushisa.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi iqala ngendlela engcono kakhulu futhi inika isivuno esiphezulu esingaba khona, sikhula esakhiweni segadi, kuhlelwe ilanga.
Abalimi abanolwazi bayeluleka indawo enjalo yokuyikhetha engxenyeni eningizimu yensimu. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuba khona komthunzi kusuka ezihlotsheni eziseduze noma isakhiwo kunganciphisa kakhulu isivuno soMswakama we Chocolate.
Noma kunjalo, leli banga lilinganiswa ochwepheshe njengabaqine kakhulu. Kunoma yikuphi, le cherry ebusika-eqinile iyakwazi ukubekezelela kokubili amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu nesomiso esinamandla.
Ukuphatha isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokunisela umuthi kuvumela uhlelo lwempande oluthuthukile kakhulu.
I-Cherry izimbali ngokuvamile ziqala ngoMeyi. Sekuvele phakathi - engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi, izithelo zoMshukekazi zivuthwe. Isivuno sokuqala uvame ukunikeza isivinini ngonyaka wesine impilo yakho.
Ngokuhlelwa kahle kwezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela, lo cherry unikeza ngokwanele izithelo eziphezulu.
Ngokwezibalo, ukuvunwa okujwayelekile kwezinhlobonhlobo yizinkulungwane ezingu-78 zokukhiqiza ngehektha ngalinye (11-12 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa)Isivuno esiphezulu sasihlelwe cishe kwabangu-97 abaphakathi.
URobin, Ovulekile noLyubskaya bangakwazi ukuziqhenya ngokukhiqiza okuhle.
Ekuphumeni kwesihlahla sakha isithelo ngokuqukethwe okulandelayo amakhemikhali:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| Ushukela | 12,5% |
| Acids | 1,65% |
| Indaba eyomile | 18,3% |
I-Chocolate Ripe Fruit ngokuvamile okuthakazelisayo kakhulu. Intukuthelo yesimilo igxila ekunambithekeni okuyisisekelo okumnandi nokumuncu, okunikeza leli cherry I-Cherry ukunambitheka.
Noma kunjalo, izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo akuzona nje ezihlwabusayo, kodwa futhi ziphilile kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, zicebile ensimbi, cobalt, ithusi - izinto ezibandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwegazi.
Present in the pulp i-pectin isiza ekuqedeni ngokuphumelelayo ubuthi obuvela emzimbeni.
Kokudla okunomsoco, i-Chocolate Chocolate iyathandeka ngoba ngosizo lwayo isifiso sithuthukaikhuthaza ukuphumelela ukucima ukoma nokumisa ukusebenza kwamathumbu.
Izithelo zeChernokorka, iZhivitsa neKharitonovskaya izinhlobo zinezici ezinhle kakhulu futhi zizuzisa.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Sifunda nokuthi kufanele sitshale kuphi futhi kuphi ukutshala i-Chocolate Chocolate cherry? Ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze Chocolate Chocolate, kubalulekile unake umhlabaKuphi okunye ukufika nokuhamba okudingekayo.
Njengezinhlobo eziningi ze-cherry, i-Chocolate Chocolate ayiwuthandi umhlabathi omuncu onomhlabathi ocebile owenziwe ngezakhi futhi unikezwe uhlelo oluhle lwamanzi.
Kunconywa ukuba ugweme ukutshala izindawo eziphansi ezimanzi nezindawo lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze (ngaphansi kuka-1.5 m) phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokufika ngaphambi kokutshala isihlahla isifiso sokutshala ngomquba (humus).
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka isimo sembewu. Abalimi abanolwazi bafakazela ukuthi izithombo akufanele atholakale "ngesandla".
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imingcele yabo yangaphandle kufanele ihambelane ncamashi nesikhathi esibikiwe.
Kutshalwa izihlahla ze-chocolate noma ngo-Ephreli noma ngo-Septhemba. Bamba imbobo ngayinye isithombo nge ububanzi buka-70 cm nobubanzi buka-60-70 cm.
Umquba, i-potassium chloride, i-superphosphate, nomlotha wanezelwa emthonjeni.
Emgodini ohlwanyelwe ngale ndlela, isithombo sinciphisa, izimpande zawo zimbozwe inhlabathi futhi inhlabathi ithathelwa phansi nxazonke kwesiqu.
Namanzi isitshalo esitshalwe ngamanzi alula. Indawo yamabhasi kudingekile ukuba umquba we-humus ne-sawdust.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezohlobo ze Chocolate ushicilela ukuchelela okuvamile, kanye nokwehlisa isikhathi esifanele, ukukhulula nokufaka umquba emhlabathini.
Entwasahlobo, izinsuku ezingu-22-27 ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwezinso, kufanele uthathe amagatsha omisiwe nabonakalisiwe.
Ngezimbali nokuvuthwa kudingeka ukunikeza isihlahla ukuchelela okuhle - kuze kufike ku-3-4 amabhakede amanzi ngaphansi kwayo yonke imithi.
Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa iziqu ezidingekayo emhlabathini ngesikhathi.
Spring yisikhathi se-nitrogen umquba, kepha ama-phosphate nama-fertilizer umanyolo ayengezwa ekwindla. Esikhathini semifino, ukufakelwa kwamanyolo we-mullein kanye namaminerali kutholakala.
Uma ukukhula kwezithombo njalo ngonyaka hhayi ngaphansi kuka-70 cm, kusho lokho umuthi uqhubeka kahle.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Lezi zihlukahlukene, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-cherries, zithanda ukuncibilika ebusika. ama-rodents ahlukahlukene. Ukuze uvikele amagxolo kusuka kulezi zinambuzane, kunconywa ngaphambi kokubanda Ukugoqa umgqomo ngendwangu ebomvu.
Ngokuphathelene nezifo, izifo ze-fungal ezifana i-coccomicosis ne-moniliasis.
Isici esibonisa ukutheleleka komuthi ngezinhlamvu ze-fungus Blumeriella jaapii (i-Sossomuse hiemalis) ukubonakala kwamabala obomvu emaqabunga hhayi ngenkathi ngaphambi kokuwa kwawo okukhulu.
Lokhu akuholeli ukufa okusheshayo kwesitshalo, kepha umuthi ohlukunyezwa ngukugula okukhulunywe ngenhla kancane kancane futhi ufe ngaphandle kwesikhathi esingaphansi, ongakwazi ukusinda frost ebusika.
Ukulwa ne coccomycosis kuyinto ekusetshenzisweni ngokulandelana kwezinkuni nge-fungicides: okokuqala kungaphambi kokuphuza i-bud bud, owesibili ngesikhatsi sezimbali, eduze kokuphela kwayo, okwesithathu amaviki amathathu ngemuva kokuphela kwezimbali (noma ngokusho kwesimo, uma amabala obomvu emaqabunga eqhubeka nokuvela).
Izinhlobo ze-Tsarevna Felt, i-Ashinskaya Steppe noTamaris ziphikisana nalesi sifo.
Isifo seMonilias, i-causative agent ye-asilomycete fungus Monilia, yathola igama layo lesibili - ukushisa komzimba - ngenxa yokuthi amagatsha omisiwe avela kakhulu emithini ethintekile yiyo.
Uma iminyaka embalwa ungaqali ukulwa nalesi sifo, lesi sitshalo sizobuthakathaka futhi sife.
Ukunakekelwa kwempilo yezihlahla ezithelayo esikhathini esizayo akufanele kube yisiteji sokukhethwa kwezithombo.
"Ukuvimbela" kufaka phakathi ukukhethwa kwendawo enomoya wokutshala, ukusetshenzwa okuphoqelekile kwamakhiwe namagatsha kubhidliwe ngenxa yesenzo somshini, ukugcoba ngezikhathi ezithile komqhele okhuniziwe.
Uma lesi sihlahla singakwazi ukuvikelwa ekutheleleni, kufanele siphathwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngalokhu ngaphezulu izinkathi eziningana ukucubungula kwezitshalo kumele kwenziwe fungicides - ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokumbali.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukugcoba okungenakwenzeka kwezihlahla ezizungezile, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokusika izihlahla kumele kwenziwe. kuphela ngesimo sezulu esingenamoya.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze ujabulele ngokugcwele ukunambitheka komunye wama cherry amahle kakhulu futhi anemnandi, kuzodingeka ubeke umzamo omkhulu. Kodwa akufanele yini i-Chocolate Chocolate?
Buka ividiyo ewusizo mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo kwi-cherries ye-fruiting? Indlela yokuvikela ama cherry kusuka ezinambuzane? Yiziphi izinhlobo eziningi eziphikisana nezifo?
