Emakethe yanamuhla yambewu ikhukhamba, izimpahla eziningi kakhulu zivela, okuwumphumela wezithelo zabakhiqizi banamuhla.
Wonke umuntu ujwayele imibhalo ejwayelekile yohlobo "oluhlukahlukene" noma "hybrid." Kodwa ngamanye ama-sachets ungathola inkulumo efana ne "Parthenocarpic hybrid", futhi abantu abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi leli gama lisho ukuthini.
Ngokuvamile lezi zinhlobo ezintsha zamakhukhamba zidideka nomqondo onjalo owaziwayo njengama-self-pollinated. Kodwa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zekhukhamba isiko kukhona umehluko omkhulu.
Amakhukhamba e-partenocarpic abamele izinhlobonhlobo noma nzalo, izithelo zazo ezakhiwa ngaphandle kokutholakala impova. Futhi ekuthuthukiseni ukhukhamba ezizimele, le nqubo iyenzeka.
Inhloso eyinhloko yezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha noma uhlamvu olubizwa ngokuthi yi-hybrids ukutshalwa kwamakhukhamba ezimweni zokushisa, okungukuthi, lapho kungekho khona impova yezinambuzane.
Okulandelayo yizinhlobonhlobo ezidume kakhulu zalezi zinhlobo ezintsha zamakhukhamba.
Ibanga "Athena"
I-Hybrid. Ngokuvuthwa ukuvuthwa kokuqala, kusukela isikhathi esiphakathi kwamahlumela okuqala kanye nesikhathi lapho izithelo zilungele ukusetshenziswa yizinsuku ezingu-40 - 45.
Ukhukhamba uhlobo lwe-cornish. Ama-shrub asinamandla kakhulu, abe nokukhula okukhulayo okuphakathi, okukhiqizayo, okungukuthi, izithelo eziningi zakhiwe epulazini eliphakathi.
Amaqabunga asayizi obukhulu. Amakhukhamba ngokwabo anemibala eluhlaza, i-cylindrical shape, ehlanganiswe nama-tubercles amakhulu, angaba ngu-10 kuya ku-12 cm ubude.
Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuyinto enethenda, enhle, engabi nolaka. Igcina ngokuhamba phambili ukuhamba, futhi ayiphathanga engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi yemifino.
Wazibonakalisa ngokumangalisayo hhayi kuphela efomu elisha, kodwa futhi emathinini nasemathinini. Kukhona isivikelo esiphelele se-powdery isikhutha, i-cladosporia ne-peronosporosis.
Uthola ngokugcwele ifilimu eluhlaza kanye nokugcina izilazi ngesikhathi sokubusika. Kungcono ukuqala ukukhuphula lezi ezihlukahlukene ezivela izithombo, ukuhlwanyela imbewu okudingekayo ukuyikhiqiza ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Izithombo ezikhulayo zalezi ukhukhamba azifani nenqubo efanayo yezinye izitshalo. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kwezithombo ngaphambi kokuhluma kuyoba yi + 25 ° С, emva - + 15 ° С.
Isidingo njalo amanzi bese ukondla izithombo, ukuze ziqiniswe ngaphambi kokuguqulwa emhlabathini.
Uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokutshala luyoba ngu 70-90x30 cm, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lutshala futhi ludlulele, okungukuthi ukubeka izithombo ezimbili - 3 endaweni ngayinye. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo kufanele zibe nezinsuku ezingu-22-25 ubudala.
Izinqubo eziphoqelelwe zokutshala ngokuphumelelayo kwezihlahla ziphuza njalo ngamanzi afudumele, mhlawumbe kusihlwa. Kunconywa ukuba uchithe izihlahla ezimbili zokudla oku-2 - 3.
Le hybrid iyakwazi ukumelana nokukhanyisa okweqile, ngakho ungakhathazeki ngokunyamala kwamahlathi. Futhi, amahlathi aphephile ngokushisa amazinga okushisa aphakeme futhi angenele umswakama emoyeni.
Qinisekisa ukukhulula inhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela, ukuze izimpande zithole oksijini ngaphezulu. Esikhathini ngasinye isitshalo, udinga ukwakha isiqu esisodwa, futhi lapho ugcina ungakwazi ukususa wonke amahlumela, kodwa shiya ezimbalwa. Kulesi simo, konke kuzoxhomeka ekutheni izitshalo zikhulu kangakanani.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Ecole"
I-hybrid yokuqala evuthiwe, ivuthwe ezinsukwini ezingu-42 - 45 emva kokushiya, uhlobo lwe-kornishonny.
Izitshalo zihlangene, zikhula ngokuqinile, ama-internodes ayo afushane, uhlobo lwemibala "yizimbali", okungukuthi, kunezithelo ezine-5 ku-node eyodwa. Izithelo ziyi-cylindrical, ezinamahlumela amancane amhlophe, umbala omuhle okwesibhakabhaka, othakazelisayo, ongenamunyu.
Ngezithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuphelele, ubude bufinyelela ku-6-9 cm, kodwa ukhukhamba amancane u-4-6 cm ubude bungabuye buvunwe ama-pickle.
Ukuvunwa okuphezulu, cishe 10-12 kg nge-sq.m.
Iphelele ngokuhamba ngezinyawo, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bangaphakathi be-pulp bugcinwa. Kufanelekile ukufakwa kokudla okusha, futhi izithelo zizobukeka kahle emabhange. Akuthinteki yi-powdery mildew kanye ne-cladosporia ukutheleleka, kepha izihlahla nezithelo zingathinteka yi-virus yama-cucumber.
Yakhelwe ukutshala ezindaweni zokukhosela zefilimu. Kungcono ukungatshali imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini, kodwa ukukhula izithombo.
Imbewu kufanele ibekwe phakathi kukaMashi ngo-2.5 kuya ku-3 cm. Izimo zezitshalo ezikhulayo zalezi zihlukahlukene zivamile, azikho izinguquko.
Izithombo zokushayela kumele zibe zikhulu kakhulu, okungukuthi izitshalo ezimbili nge 1 sq. M. ngaphansi kwesimiso 140x25 cm, ukuze zonke izihlahla zithole isikhala esanele. Uma ukutshala kuzokwenziwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kuyinto efiselekayo ukumboza izithombo ezingapheli ezinamaphepha okwesikhashana kuze kufike isikhathi sokuqhathanisa.
Izitshalo zithobekile kakhulu ekunakekeleni, zikwazi ukumelana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Kukhona ukubekezelela ukucindezeleka okukhuluNgakho-ke, baphila ngokushesha ngemva kokugula.
Ngeke kube khona izinkinga ezithile ngokuchofoza, ngoba uhlangothi luhlasela isitshalo lukhula kabi, futhi inani labo alikhulu kakhulu. Kuyokwanela ukuphuza njalo izihlahla, ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungezile, futhi nokudla izihlahla ezinomquba ezihlukahlukene.
Futhi kwakudingeka ukwelashwa okuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwezihlahla nezixazululo ze-fungicides, izixazululo ze-colloidal zesulfure, kanye ne-sulphate yethusi.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo zama ukhukhamba aseShayina
Izinhlobonhlobo "Barvin"
I-hybrid ehlukile ye-parthenocarpic. Izihlahla ezinamandla okukhula okuphakathi, uhlobo lokukhiqiza, nesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile kakhulu. Kakhulu kakhulu, iqala ukuthela izithelo ezinsukwini ezingu-38 - 40 emva kokusuka kokuqala.
Kufika ku-3 izimbali ezakhiwe ku-node eyodwa. Izithelo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ziluhlaza, zinama-tubercles amakhulu, ziyi-cylindrical shape, zifinyelela isilinganiso sobude buka-10-12 cm.
In ukunambitheka ukunambitheka engekho. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu kakhulu, nge-1 sq. M. ungakwazi ukuqoqa izithelo ezingu-20 - 25 kg. Izihlahla zithela izithelo eside futhi kancane. Kuhle ugcina ukuhamba. Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kokubili ifomu ehlanzekile neyolwandle noma ekheniwe.
Ama-shrub nezithelo azithintekile yi-powdery isikhutha, i-cladosporiosis ne-downy isikhutha, kodwa i-peronosporosis ingalimaza kakhulu isivuno.
Konke kuqala ngendlela yokutshala. Izimo ezikhulayo zijwayelekile, okungukuthi, ukushisa kwamakamelo, ukuchelela okuvamile, kanye nokudla okuncane okweziwe kwezithombo. Kungatshalwa ngokulandela uhlelo olujwayelekile, okufaka izithombo ezimbili-3 endaweni ngayinye. Ukutshala kwembewu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, ukufakelwa endaweni yokushisa kumele kuwele esikhathini esiphakathi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Izihlahla akuzona ikakhulukazi ezithombeni, ngakho-ke izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokunakekelwa kwazo ziyokwanela. Ukuphuza njalo, ukugqoka okuncane kanye nokulima kwenhlabathi kuyokwanela ukuba izihlahla zibeke izithelo futhi zingapheli.
Uma wenza amahlathi, akuzona zonke izingane zokutholwa ezingasuswa, kodwa kuhle ukuba ususe amaqabunga amakhulu kakhulu ukuze izithelo zithole ilanga elanele.
Ukuvimbela ukuthi amahlumela aphethwe yi-downy powdery isikhutha (i-peronosporosis), amahlumela adingeka ukuthi aphathwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 nge-fungicides njenge-Ridomil noma i-Kuproksat. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngezimpawu zokuqala zesifo.
Hlunga "i-Cupid"
I-hybrid yokuqala kakhulu, izinsuku ezingu-40-45 zanele ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwezithelo. Izihlahla zinamandla, kufinyelela ku-8 ifomu lesithelo ku-node eyodwa.
Amakhukhamba ngokwawo ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ayenama-cylindrical shape, ubuso bumbozwa ngameva amancane. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuhle nje, hhayi okubabayo, isikhumba sesithelo sincane.
Izithelo azishintshi, ungaphazamiseki ngesikhathi sokuhamba, naphezu kokuthi isikhumba sincane kakhulu.
Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka ku-25 kuya kwezingu-28 kg ezihlahleni zingaqoqwa kusuka kumitha eyodwa yombhede, kodwa ngokunakekelwa kahle kanye nemibandela emihle yemvelo, isivuno siyakhula kuya ku-45 kuya ku-50 kg ngemitha yendawo ngayinye. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana ne-powdery isikhutha nokuvuselelwa.
Ungakhula lezi zihlahla futhi ungenalo izithombo, kodwa izithombo ezilungiselelwe ngaphambilini zihluma kangcono.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kukaMashi, ukuze izithombo zithole isikhathi esanele sokukhula ngesikhathi sokutshala kabusha emhlabathini. Izithombo kufanele zibe nezinsuku ezingu-35 kuya kwezingama-40 ubudala ngaphambi kokuwa.
Izimo zezitshalo ezikhulayo zivamile. Uhlelo lokutshala lubuye luvame, izithombo ezi-3 zingaphuma ngokuphepha endaweni eyodwa. isakhiwo semitha. Masinyane emva kokutshala izihlahla ezincane zinganisela.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezimo zezulu ezimbi, kuvame ukuqhubeka nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophansi.
Azikho izici ekunakekelwa okunjalo; zonke izinqubo kufanele zenziwe ngokuvumelana nesimo esivamile. Ukuphuza njalo, izikhathi ezingu-2-3 izihlahla zidinga ukondla. Ukukhulula umhlaba kubalulekile ukuthi akukho-crusts owomile okwenziwe phezu komhlaba, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo lwezitshalo lwezitshalo luzobhekana nokuntuleka kwe-oxygen.
Ungaphinde ubophe amahlumela kancane kancane ezinsizeni eziningana ukuze wenze inqubo yokuvuna.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Umculi"
I-hybrid yokuqala evuthiwe, ukukhula okugcwele kwezithelo kuza ezinsukwini ezingu-40 kuya kwezingu-42 emva kokusuka kokuqala kokutshala. Izihlahla zinamandla kakhulu, zinamandla, nezimpande ezithuthukile.
Kukhiqizwa izithelo ezilodwa ze-nodi 6 - 8. Izithelo zesakhiwo esifanayo, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinama-cylindrical shape, ezinama-humps amakhulu, amancane (8-10 cm ubude, isisindo sifinyelela ku 90-95 g).
Amakhukhamba awaphuzi embhede, nangemva kokususwa ezihlahleni. Izithelo kalula zisinda ezokuthutha, aziphazamisi isikhathi eside. Izinhlobonhlobo akuyona igciwane le-cucumber ye-cucumber, futhi ayithintekile indawo ye-oliva ne-powdery isikhutha.
Umkhiqizo uphakeme futhi ulinganiselwa ku-20-25 kg ngemitha yendawo yesitshalo.
Izithombo zidinga ukubeka phakathi kukaMashi.
Izimo zezitshalo kufanele zikhululeke kakhulu, ukuze imbewu ikwazi ukuhluma kahle futhi ngokushesha. Ukusheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo, izinhlanzi zembewu zidinga ukumboza nge-plastic wrap ukwakha i-microclimate ngokukhululekile.
Ukunisela nokutshala izithombo kumele kube njalo. Kunconywa ukuba ushintshe njalo izinga lokushisa, ukuze izithombo zizwe kahle futhi zikhule ngokushesha. Lezi ukhukhamba zingatshalwa kokubili endlini yokushisa nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Kodwa ezimweni zensimu engakafihliwe, izithombo zivikeleka kangcono nge-plastic packaging, ukuze, isibonelo, ukuqhuma okukhulu kwemimoya kungabangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nezithombo.
Leli banga alithobekile kakhulu ekushiyeni, lizokwazi ukulwa nokuntuleka komswakama, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukukhululeka noma ukungabi nokukhanya. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuhlela ukuphazamiseka ekunkeleni, ukuze isivuno singabi naso. 2 - 3 ukufaka umanyolo ngezinkinga ezahlukene zomanyolo kuzokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nokunambitheka kwamakhukhamba.
Ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic nezidakamizwa ezibhekene nezifo zamukelekile kuphela.
Ezihlukahlukene zeCrispina
I-Hybrid. Vula ngokushesha, ngokoqobo ezinsukwini ezingu-35 - 40. Izihlahla zinamandla, amaqabunga aphakathi. Amaqabunga aphakathi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izithelo ziyi-cylindrical, enesibalo esikhulu se-tubercles, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esikhumbeni kukhona imigqa yokukhanya.
Ukhukhamba lukhulu kakhulu, ngesisindo sifike ku 100 - 120 g, 10 - 12 cm ubude. Ukukhiqiza kuphakeme, 6 - 7 kg ngemitha yesikwele. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, ngaphandle kokufutheka, isikhumba sincane kakhulu.
Izithelo azihlaziyi ngesikhathi sokuhamba, zihamba kahle, zifakwe emathinini noma zikheniwe. I-powdery isikhutha, i-downy isikhutha kanye negciwane lesikhumba se-cucumber ayikwazi ukulimaza isitshalo.
Kuthatha izimpande kangcono ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Esikhathini esiteji sezithombo ezikhulayo azikho ukwehluka okukhethekile okuvela enkambisweni evamile. Kwanele ukumboza iziqukathi zembewu nge polyethylene, ukugcina izinga lokushisa elihle, kanye namanzi njalo bese ukondla izithombo ukuze kuhlume kahle futhi kuphelele. Ukutshala kabusha emhlabathini kufanele kwenziwe uma inhlabathi isivele ifudumele ngokwanele.
Uma utshala, ungafaka izithombo ezimbili - 3 nge-1 sq.m.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo azitholakali kumswakama ophansi, ngakho azikho izinguquko ezikhethekile enkambweni yokunakekelwa.
Sidinga ukwelashwa okuvimbela izifo, ukuchelela njalo nezinye izici zokunakekela ikhukhamba elihlaza. Amahlumela ezitshalo zalolu hlobo angaboshwa ku-trellis, kodwa izihlahla zizobe zithela izithelo ngaphandle kwalendlela.
I-Partenocarpic izinhlobo zekhukhamba ziphelele kulabo balimi abonga isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yemifino, izihlahla ezingadingi ukunakekelwa okuningi nokuzikhandla.
