I-pear ithandwa ngabalimi ngenxa ye-pulp yayo ethakazelisayo nezithelo zamanzi, ukungathobeki kokulima kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo. Namuhla kukhona ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezikhathi zokuvuthwa ezihlukene eziphikisana nezifo nezimo zezulu - ukumelana kwamaqhwa, izinkathi ezomile. Ngenye yezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya - inkhulumo yeKokinskoy kulesi sihloko.
Humushela incazelo emuva ku-isiNgisi Humusha Incazelo varieties of pear Kokinsky
IKokinskaya - isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwebusika, elibizwa ngegama leKokinsky Institute of Horticulture, lapho lwakhiwa khona ngokudlula izinhlobo ezimbili: Okudumile kanye neCure. Umbhali wezinto ezihlukahlukene ezitholakalayo ngu A. A. Vysotsky.
Uyazi? EGreece lasendulo, amapheya alethwa ethempelini lika-Aphrodite noHera, eRoma lasendulo bazinikezelwa kuJuno noVenus. Emlandisweni wabantu bobabili, lezi zithikazi zazifanekisela ukuzala. Phakathi nokuhamba kolwandle ngosizo lwamapheya kunciphisa izimpawu zokulwandle.
Izici zomuthi
Ukuphakama komkhiqizo weKokinskaya kufinyelela kumamitha amane, ububanzi bomqhele bube ngamamitha amathathu. Isiqu siqondile, slender, amagatsha ahlukanisa esitokeni ekhoneni. Umqhele awukhulu kakhulu, udinga izihlahla, ukuma komqhele kuyi-pyramidal. Ukuvuna kuqala ngonyaka wesine, isivuno siphezulu - izihlahla ezivuthiwe zikhiqiza kuze kube ngu-100 kg wamapheya.
Izinhlobonhlobo zibusika-eziqinile, ezinqabeni ezinzima lapho izinso ziqhwaza, isivuno singase sinciphise, kodwa umuthi ngokwawo awufi. I-Kokinska pear ezihlukahlukene zichazwa njengokungqubuzana nezifo ezinjengesiko. Ukumelana okuncane kunesikhumba kungamahlamvu kunezithelo. 
Izithelo Zezithelo
Amapheya aphakanyiswe ngesimo esiqinile, esinyene, esinqimba, eside, esiyindilinga. Izithelo zidwetshwe ngombala obomvu, njengoba zivutha ziphuzi, amapheya, ziphendukela elangeni, zimbozwe ngokubomvu okubomvu. Isithelo sesikhumba seKokinska sifinyelela kuma-gramu angu-250, inyama iyamhlophe emhlophe, enamanzi, ine-sweet dessert ukunambitheka ngokumuncu.
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
Izinzuzo zeKokinska pear zihlanganisa isivuno esikhulu, isikhathi sokugcina esiqandisini, ukumelana nesithwathwa, izithelo zokumelana nezifo nokubola. Izithelo zepeari zinambitheka kakhulu futhi isisindo esikhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokuvuna uKokinsky sivumela idili ngomusi ngo-Septhemba. Izithelo zifanelekile nokuvuna ubusika.
Ukunganaki: naphezu kokuzivikela okuphezulu kwezithelo ukusabalala nezinye izifo, amahlamvu angabonakala kubo. Kukhona ukumelana nesithwathwa, kodwa ngesikhathi kuwela ngamandla ekushiseni, izinso zingase zifakwe ngaphezulu, okuzophazamisa i-fruiting.
Izinsuku zokufika nokukhethwa kwendawo
Ukuze ukhule ngempumelelo ipeyari, udinga ukwazi konke mayelana nemigomo, izimo futhi kufanelekile kwi-site yokufika kwe-pear kokwe-Kokinsky. Izinsuku zokufika zixhomeke ezimweni zezulu zesifunda. Esikhathini sezulu esenyakatho, kungcono ukutshala entwasahlobo ngo-Ephreli, esimweni esishisayo ngaphandle kobusuku obusika. Ezindaweni ezinentwasahlobo, kungcono ukuhlehlisa inqubo ekwindla, kuze ku-September. Isimo sezulu esishisayo ngokuvamile sibangela izitshalo ezincane ukuba zome. Njengoba lesi sitshalo singakubekezeli ukufakelwa kwezitshalo, izithombo zePokinskaya pear kufanele zitshalwe ngokushesha endaweni enomphela. Iphayari ifaneleka ngokulinganisela, inhlabathi evulekile ne-drainage enhle. Akuyona indawo efiselekayo yokungena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, lapho kutholakala khona umswakama, isimiso sezimpande sithinteka ngamagciwane angamafutha. Ukuze uthole umuthi udinga ukhetha ukukhanya, ukuphefumula, kepha ngaphandle kwendawo ehleliwe. Okungcono kakhulu engxenyeni esentshonalanga, eningizimu-entshonalanga noma eningizimu yensimu.
Inqubo ngesinyathelo-sinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
Ngokusho kwemithetho ye-agrotechnology yecebo eliphakathi kweKokinskaya lokutshala lilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Lesi sakhiwo siguquliwe, sihlanzwa ukhula futhi senze u-10 kg we-humus ngamamitha ayi-square kanye ne-100 g nitrophos. Ngaphansi kwesimo se-acidic inhlabathi ka-dolomite.
I-Pit for izithombo entwasahlobo ilungiselelwe ekwindla. Usayizi wesipaki: 70 x 70 metres ejulile. Ukugeleza kufakwa ngaphansi komgodi, kusuka phezulu - ungqimba lwe-humus noma umquba ofika ku-20 cm, ogcwele umhlabathi. Ngomgodi wokutshala wokuwa olungiselelwe emavikini amathathu. Ingxube yomhlabathi ilungiselelwe kusuka kwendlalelo yezakhi zomhlabathi, i-peat, i-humus ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, ngokufaka ama-20 g we-phosphorus-potassium nomanyolo kanye no-100 g womlotha. 
Ukutshala amakhekhe iKokinsky akhethe amakhophi amabili ezinhlamvu zezithombo ezinemibala, enobumba obubushelelezi obunembala. Amagatsha ensimu enempilo ayashintshashintsha, izimpande zimanzi futhi zilula ekunqunyeni. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, izimpande zigxila kwisisombululo esikhuthazayo sosuku. Ngemva kokunciphisa izimpande zibe ngu-10 cm, futhi amahlumela ohlangothini anqunywe. Ukuphakama kwesiqu esiphezulu se-sapling emihle kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-85. Ukuthungwa kwehliswa phansi emgodini, kwaqondisa izimpande futhi kwafafaza inhlabathi, kuphazamisa kancane. Intamo yentambo yesithombo kufanele ibe kude ka-3 cm ukusuka emhlabathini. Emva kokutshala, isithombo sinisela kakhulu, lapho inhlabathi emgodini isixazulule, ifafazwe phezulu. Ekupheleni kokutshala, inhlabathi inqwabelene futhi kusekelwa ukwesekwa.
Kubalulekile! Umlenze akufanele uthinte amagxolo esiqu, ukubola kungenzeka. Beka i-mulch ngebanga elithile ukusuka esihlahleni sembewu.
Okukhethekile kokunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinkuni zeKokinskaya
Emaphethini aseKokinsky, omakhelwane abalungile babalulekile lapho betshala futhi benakekela. Umuthi we-apula uzoba umakhelwane omuhle kakhulu, akukhuthazwa ukutshala eduze kwe-ash ash: izihlahla zinesifo esifanayo nezinambuzane.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikela izilokazane nezifo
Ukuzivikela okuhle kakhulu kwamapheya kuzoba ukukhathazeka okufika ngesikhathi. Isihlahla somuthi kufanele sigcinwe sihlanzekile, sikhululekile futhi sikhula umhlabathi. Susa zonke izinsalela zezitshalo namahlamvu awile. Amahlumela abomile nabuthakathaka afanele ukusika izihlahla, ukuchelela kumele kulungiswe kahle, kuyafana nokugqoka.
Ngemuva kwephayiphu ehlumela amahlamvu, cubungula isisombululo se-Bordeaux sokhuni noma se-copper sulfate - sizonciphisa iphesenti yezifo. Amalungiselelo eziphilayo angadliwa ngenkathi ekhulayo, futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuna ngaphandle kokufaka ingozi empilweni yabo. Izithelo kulokhu zizogcinwa isikhathi eside. I-biopreparations engcono kakhulu yi: "Fitosporin-M", "Farmod", "Trichodermin", "Hamair", "Fitolavin", "Planriz". Kulolu chungechunge, i-Gaupsin iphawuleka ngokukhethekile, kokubili kokuzibulala kanye nezindawo zokubulala izinambuzane. Lezi zidakamizwa zibhubhisa ngokuphumelelayo ukutheleleka kwe-fungal, amabhaktheriya kanye nesandulela ngculaza, "Gaupsin" nayo iyasiza ngokumelene nezilokazane.
Ukunisela, ukukhipha nokukhipha
Amapheya okuqala aphuza ngokwanele kanye ngesonto, amabhakede amabili esihlahleni. Njengoba umuthi ukhula, imvamisa yokuphuza iyancipha ibe izikhathi ezimbili ngenyanga, kodwa umthamo wanda. Ama-pears omdala kufanele agonywe ngokufafaza. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhulula ukufinyelela emoyeni ohlelweni lwempande kanye nokwehlisa ukhula. Ngemuva kwezinqubo zonke, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ukuze igcine kangcono umswakama.
Umanyolo
Njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, i-Kokinska ithini lamapheya linomanyolo omquba. Ama-mineral compounds anikela ngonyaka, ngoba inani elikhulu lezakhi zomzimba lizovuna. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umanyolo emigodini ebanjwe eduze kombuthano we-trunk, ukuwaxuba nomhlabathi ukuze ungashise izimpande. Kanye ne-organic ukwenza ukwakheka kwe-phosphorus-potassium (40 g), okumboza ama-humus. Eminyakeni lapho umuthi osebenzayo ungasetshenzisiwe, umanyolo obuncane ohlangene owenziwe ngamaminerali.
Qaphela! I-Pear ayithandi i-nitrogen engaphezulu. Izitshalo ezinomuthi ophezulu we-nitrojeni ziyasetshenziswa ezincane ezincane, ngaphandle kwalokho zizophazamisa isivuno.
Ukudubula okulungile
Ukudubula kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekeleni i-peyreni yaseKokinsky. Inqubo eyenza ukukhula komqhele kwenziwa eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwesitshalo. Amapheya amaningi athela izithelo, futhi amagatsha angaphula ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo, ngakho-ke, ngokusika izihlahla, amahlamvu aqinile kunawo wonke asele.
Ukusika izihlahla kususa amagatsha abuthakathaka, abomile noma amaqhwa, futhi ekhula ngokujulile emkhathini futhi ephazamise ukukhula kwamagatsha amakhulu. Izihlahla ezihlanzekile zenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga ngonyaka. Inqubo ikuvumela ukuba ulungise ukulinganisa komqhele bese ususa amahlumela aphethwe yisifo. Ngentwasahlobo, amahlumela wonyaka odlule anqunywe ubude besithathu. 
Ukuvuselela izihlahla zokusika izihlahla zihlahla izihlahla ezinamacembe, ukusika izihlahla zamagciwane, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutholakala kwezakhi zomzimba kufana nawo wonke amahlumela. Le nqubo ivusa ukuhluma kwesihlahla.
Isikhathi sokuvuna nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izinhlobo zokuvuna zamapheya eKokinskaya
Isivuno sePokinsky eliphakathi kwekhasi liphakeme - kuze kube ngamakhilogremu ayikhulu lamapheya kusuka emthini omdala. Izithelo zivuthwe ngesonto lokuqala likaSeptemba. Uma sesivuthiwe ngokugcwele, i-pear isuswe kalula esitsheni, izithelo ezivuthiwe zinomnandi otholile nokunethezeka.
Kubalulekile! Amapheya anconywa ukuba asuse emthini uma esomile emazolo, kungenjalo isitoreji sabo ngeke sisinde.Ukuqoqa izithelo ngaphambi kwesikhathi semini ukuze bangenaso isikhathi sokushisa kakhulu. Izithelo ezivuthayo ziyofakwa nge-condensate uma zigcinwa futhi ziwohloka ngokushesha. Ukususa izithelo kufanele kube ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokulimaza. Abanini bezandla bavame ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile endaweni ende, ukuze ususe izithelo ezikhulayo ngaphandle kokulimaza. Amapareya avuna ahlola, ahlume, alahleke kakhulu noma awonakele. Ukuthuthwa kwamapheya kaKokinsky akulona nzima: izithelo zifakwa emabhokisini, ukuphinda uphinde wenziwe nge-sawdust ethambile nephepha. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kokugcina izithelo kuyinto -1 ° C kuya ku-2 ° C.
Kuyathakazelisa E-China, ubudlelwane obukhethekile ukuphakamisa: kubhekwa njengophawu lokungafi. Okubi okubhekwayo kubhekwa njengokuphula noma ukulimaza umuthi. Ukuze wabelane ngesithelo sepeyari nomuntu kusho ukungena kulowo muntu maduzane.
Ukulungiselela ubusika obusika
Ebusika, inhlabathi yombuthano we-trunk we-pearl yaseKokin kufanele ifakwe ngethunki. Izinkuni namagatsha zimboza nge-burlap, zihlanganisa ngokuqinile. Izithombo ezincane zimbozwa amaqabunga e-spruce, zivikela amagxolo avela kumagundane. Ezitshalweni kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu, lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngesisombululo esikhukhulayo, kubantu abadala asebekhulile - nge-lime. Njengoba kusetshenziswa umquba, utshani obunamanzi, ukumboza nge-humus noma i-peat phezulu.
Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziswe ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ebusika, ngakho-ke zithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi. Ibanga alisho ukushiya, ubusika-obuqinile futhi livikelekile ezifweni. Okusemandleni ama-kokinsky abathandekayo abathandekayo abheka izinhlobonhlobo Yakovlev, Izintandokazi, iBerggamot eMoscow.
