Hlangana "Malbec"! Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zivela eFrance

Malbec ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezobuchwepheshe.

Umvini wakhe ngendlela efanele yokutshala inikeza izinto ezinhle kakhulu ekudaleni iwayini eliqinile, elihlelwe kahle, elinolwazi olunezintambo ezingakwazi ukuncintisana neCabernet noma i-Merlot ebiza kakhulu.

Incazelo ye-Malbec ehlukahlukene

Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla zalesi sivini kuyisici amandla ajwayelekile futhi ukudubula okuhle okuhle.

Amahlamvu:

• ukuma nxazonke, ubukhulu obuphakathi (16x18 cm);
• ngesimo somngcwabo;
• i-five-and-three-lobed;
• ukuxubungula - wrinkled;
• amazinga ahlukene wokuziqhenya.

Ipuleti ye-leaf ibushelelezi, ibukeka kabi, enezingqimba ezigobile phansi. Ukusika phezulu kweshidi ngokuvamile kuvulwe, kodwa kumakwe futhi kuvaliwe ngezansi.

Ukusikeka okujulile kwephansi kushicilelwe njalo. Ukucubungula ku-stem kugoqwe noma kuhlobo lwe-lyre, evulekile.

Ishidi likhawulelwe ngamazinyo amancane angama-triangular. Uhlangothi olungezansi lweqabunga leqabunga lune-plaque enomzwelo omnene. Isitshalo seqabunga lincane, elifushane, linemibala embala.

Ukuzikhukhumeza akukona okwanele, yize izimbali zingabantu abesilisa nabesifazane.

I-Moldova, i-Count of Monte Cristo ne-Galben Nou zihlukaniswa nombala obhekene nokuphindwe kabili.

AmaClusters i-conical, i-loose noma i-sredneplotnye enobukhulu obujwayelekile buka-8x12 cm.

Amajikijolo nxazonke, obomvu obomvu, obumnyama obombala, obungafana nosayizi kusuka ku-14 kuya ku-18 mm. I-peel inamandla amakhulu nobukhulu, ehlanganiswe ngengubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-wax. I-pulp yamajikijolo inamafutha, amanzi, ancibilika.

Malbec - amagilebhisi okuqala. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza okuvuthwa ekuvuthweni okukhishwayo yizinsuku ezingu-140 - 145. Amaqabunga aqala ukuqhakaza eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Ephreli.

Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kufaka phakathi ukuguqulwa, ukuziqhenya nokuhle.

Isithombe

Hlola amagilebhisi aseMalbec esithombeni ngezansi:

Umlando wokuzala

Indawo yokuzalwa yaseMalbec - eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFrance, esifundeni saseCahors. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi nazo zinikezwe ngaphansi kwamagama Auxerrois, Noir de Presac, I-Medoc Noir, i-Quercy, i-Cat, i-Cahors. I-Malbec ingumphumela wezinhlobo ze-hybridation I-Montpellier futhi Hayak.

Ngokwenye inguqulo, umvini wathunyelwa eFrance esuka eHungary ngumlimi ongumvini uMalbec.

Ekuqaleni wangena ezinhlobonhlobo eziyisihlanu eziphezulu zamagilebhisi eBordeaux, kodwa uMalbec wayengenakukwazi ukuncintisana nabo ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwama-frost, izidingo zezulu, izitshalo ezingaguquki ngenxa yokuthambekela kwezimbali ukuwa, kanye nokwehliswa kwezifo.

Ezimweni ezishisayo zezwe laseNingizimu Melika, lapho uMalbec ehlwanyelwe khona kusukela ngekhulu le-19, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaba yizinkomba ezinhle:

• isivuno Amathani angu-4-6 ngehektha ngalinye;
• i-fruiting ratio 1.5-1.6 (phezulu);
• acidity noshukela isilinganiso 0,7% / 28%;

Njengamanje i-Malbec ikhula e-Argentina, e-USA, eChile, eFrance, e-Australia naseNew Zealand. ERussia, lokhu kuhlukahluka kuqaliswa ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile kwezingxenye ze-agroclimatic IB ne-IIA eCrimea (i-Alushta, i-Saki, i-Evpatoria izifunda).

Izifo nezinambuzane

Umvini osengozini kakhulu izifo ze-anthracnose, isikhunta kanye nomfutho ompunga.
I-agent ye-Causative i-anthracnosenoma isikhukhumba, i-fungus engaphelele, ingenayo i-chlorophyll, engenakwenzeka kwe-photosynthesis nokudla kumakhemikhali e-organic eyenziwe ngamagilebhisi.

Isifo esiphezulu kakhulu siqala ngokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo futhi sithinta zonke izingxenye eziluhlaza zomvini.

Ukulimala kwe-ingulube akukhona kuphela ukuthi kungabhubhisa ingxenye yesitshalo futhi kubangele ukucindezelwa kokukhula komvini.

Izicubu zokudubula, ezithinteka yi-anthracnose, ziyeke ukuthola izakhi kanye namanzi emaqabunga. Lokhu kwandisa ukukhuphuka kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa izicubu ezithintekile zomvini.

Konke lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni ukuqina kwesithwathwa nesomiso, okuyinto eyanciphisa umkhiqizo womvini.

Ukuvikela amagilebhisi ku-anthracnose yenza izinyathelo ezinzima ze-agrotechnical.

1. Ngemva kokulahla amahlamvu ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ihlumela liphule, amagilebhisi aphethwe nge prophylaxis ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic. DNOC noma i-nitrofen. Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa isikhathi sonyaka fungicides:
2. 1% Bordeaux liquid;
3. Izixazululo ezingu-0.4% ze-homein, i-polycarbocin, i-polychomy, i-mical.
4. Ukuze unciphise isifo esithathelwanayo sesifo, ukusika izivini kususwe ngesikhathi sokusika futhi kushiswa.
5. Lapho ulungiselela imivini yezithombo, izihlahla ezithintekayo zilahlwa ngokucophelela futhi zishiswa.
6. Ngaphambi kokugcina, ama-cuttings awavikelekile nge-solution i-chinosola.
7. Izivini ezintsha kufanele zibekwe ezindaweni eziphakeme, zigweme izindawo ezinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba: kumswakama ophezulu, izigaba ze-fungus ezivela ezweni lokuphumula ziya kudlula ekuhlungeni okuphezulu nokutheleleka kwezihlahla.

Isifo sevini esiyingozi kunazo zonke isikhuthanoma downy isikhutha. Kubangelwa i-mushroom ephazamisa kuphela emvinini.

Eminyakeni ngokweqile kwemvula, ukulahlekelwa ekubhujisweni kwesivini ngomuthi lapho kungekho khona izinyathelo zokuzivikela kungaba ngaphezu kuka-50%.

Ukufiphaza kuthinta zonke izitho zomvini eziluhlaza. Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-biosynthesis esitshalweni kuholela

• Ukuvuthwa okuncane kwamahlumela;
• ubuthakathaka umvini;
• ukunciphisa ukunciphisa amazinga okushisa aphansi;
• ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kokushukela nokwandisa i-asidi yejusi.

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela zokulwa nezifo kufanele kwenziwe kwinkimbinkimbi:

• Kungcono ukuba nesivini emithambekeni engaseningizimu ngenomoya omuhle umoya, ube nemigqa ekuqondeni kwemimoya ekhona;
• ngesikhathi sokufeza yonke imisebenzi ehlobene nokutshalwa kwamagilebhisi - i-garter, i-debris, i-pasynkovanie, i-minting, ikhulula inhlabathi, ukuchelela, i-weeding;
• sebenzisa umsoco we-foliar nge-microelements ku-0.01 - 0.02% ukuhlushwa, sebenzisa umquba;
• ehlobo ukuchitha imithi emihlanu kuya kwezingu-7 nge-fungicides (1% i-Bordeaux liquid, i-mical, i-arceride, i-polihom, i-Rydomil), ne-spyys edingekayo;
• nge ubude bamahlumela ka-25 - 30 cm;
• ngaphambi kokusila;
• ekupheleni kwezimbali;
• kamuva - kuye ngezimo zezulu.

Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, amagilebhisi akufanele aphathwe nezibulala-zinambuzane, njengoba izidakamizwa ziyingozi kulowo mpova futhi zithinte kabi isethi yamabhanki.

Isizathu ukubola okumpunga i-fungus-parasite engaphelele. Ezimweni zokudlula ukuvama kwemvula, izithelo zokuvuthwa nezithelo ezivuthiwe zivezwa ngokukhethekile, zilandelwa ukubola kwamaqoqo.

Ukuze unciphise izingozi zokulahlekelwa kwezitshalo kusuka kokubola, kufanele:

• ukuziphatha ngesikhathi esifanele i-garter nokuxosha;
• susa amahlumela oyinyumba;
• sebenzisa ukufafaza i-fungicides.

Izifo i-oidiumebangelwa ama-marsupials, uMalbec uzinzile.

Futhi akufanele sigweme izinyathelo zokuvimbela i-bacteriosis, i-chlorosis, umdlavuza we-bacterial, i-rubella.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-800 ezaziwa emvinini. izinambuzane zezilwane, iningi lawo yizinambuzane.

I-Phylloxera (isinambuzane esivela kuma-aphid angaphansi kwe-oda) - isifo esiyingozi kakhulu sokuhlukanisa izidakamizwa, sinomsuka, unamaphiko, amafomu omzimba noma amaqabunga.

Zonke izinhlobo ze-aphid zitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpande kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezintambo ezenza izinhlobo zemagilebhisi.

Izenzo zokulwa ne-antifilox okuhloswe ngaso ukuvimbela ukungena kwezinambuzane ezindaweni ezingekho ezingcolile:

• ukutshala kwamagilebhisi le nto isetshenziselwa imanzi (ukungasebenzi nge-disinfection nge I-emulsion yamaHCH noma ukumiswa)kungaba kwenziwe fumigation besebenzisa i-methyl bromide.
• amasu wezolimo wezithelo zomvini emhlabathini onesihlabathi futhi uhlanganiswe kwezinye izinhlobo zenhlabathi kuvimbela ukunqotshwa kwemifino phylloxera.

Ukulwa ifomu lezinambuzane ezinambuzane usebenzisa izinambuzane efanelekayo kuphela izimpande stock izimpande. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuphalaza amakhemikhali kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:

• phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhafaza (ngokungahambisani nabantu);
• lapho amaqabunga angu-9-12 avela (ngokumelene nezimpungushe zesizukulwane sokuqala).

Ngokumelana nokumelana okujwayelekile kwe-Malbec umvini wamagilebhisi kusadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi endaweni yangakini ukuvikela izinyathelo kusuka kule nkathazo.

Ukufafaza iSivini Sezivini Nezinambuzane (decis, cymbush, sumicidin) kanye ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo (i-lepidotsid, i-dendrobatsillin, i-actofit) inikeza umphumela omuhle ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okuhleliwe:

• ekuqaleni kokuvela kwesizukulwane sokuqala saseLypertidae;
• Izinsuku eziyishumi emva kokwelashwa kokuqala;
• kanye nokuqala kokuvela kwesizukulwane sesibili samacimbi.

Of ukuvikelwa kwemishini amagilebhisi avela enundu ukuqoqwa nokubhujiswa kwamaqoqo awonakele.

Izindlela zokubhekana nezinye izinhlobo zemifucumfucu, amagilebhisi kanye ne-biennial, zifana nokuphikisa amagilebhisi.

Ukukhuphula amajikijolo uMalbec ngesikhumba sabo esincane isp.

Amabhomu ezomusi, ama-chemical sprays kanye nezixazululo okuphumelelayo ekubhujisweni kwalezi zinambuzane ezihlahleni. Ukuze kungabi nakakhulu ukuvuna okuzayo, sebenzisa izicupho, iziqukathi ezinezimbobo kanye ne-bait ngaphakathi.

Kanye nezicupho ezenziwe ngezimboni (isibonelo, i-Wt 202, isikhwama se-Argus Garden), ungasebenzisa njengenguqulo engabizi futhi engabizi ibhodlela lepulasitiki elijwayelekile ngokunqunywa phezulu.

Umswakama ophumela emzimbeni ufakwe emzimbeni, ngoba uke wafaka isikhwama semikhiqizo engezansi equkethe amaprotheni noma ama-carbohydrate (izingcezu zenyama noma isiraphu elimnandi).

Ngendawo encane yesithelo sevini, ungakwazi ukuvikela ngokumelene namawashi ngokuwamboza "ihlanganisa" izicubu ezinhle (tulle, gauze single-gauze) nge-tightly phansi phansi.

Okufanayo "okumboza" kungasetshenziswa njenge indlela yokulwa nokupela isipelingi samagilebhisi ngezinyoni. Njengemikhonyovu, izinyoni zijwayele ukujwayela zonke izinhlobo zokuphulukisa - izibuko, izilwane ezigxiliwe, ama-rattles - futhi uyeke ukuphendula kubo.

Umphumela omuhle wokulondoloza amagilebhisi kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwezinyoni nawo unganikeza:

• welula emigqeni ka 2-3 phakathi kwentambo, lapho amagilebhisi aboshwa khona, umugqa wokudoba noma intambo elukhuni;
• Ukumboza amahlumela ngenetha lokudoba elimnandi noma indwangu yokugqoka.

Ngaphansi kokunconywa kokulima kwalolu hlobo lwezithelo zomvini, uMalbec, naphezu kwesimo sezulu esithile sezulu, angasetshenziselwa ukuthola iwayini elibukhoma, ngokunambitheka okujulile kwezithelo zomkhiqizo kanye nephunga elimnandi.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zewayini nazo zithandwa kakhulu iRkatsiteli, i-Krasny, i-Montepulciano ne-Red Delight.