Ubuchwepheshe bokudala uphahla oluhlanganiswa nezindonga ezimbili ezingaphandle zendonga ngenye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Kwenza kube lula ukuvikela isakhiwo sibe sesiphezulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemvula, kanye nokwakha igumbi elikhulu lokudlala elincane. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokulula kokwakhiwa kwephahla elinjalo, kubakhi abaningi, ukwakha amateur kwalesi sakhiwo kuba umsebenzi onzima. Bobabili esiteji sokuklama futhi ngesikhathi sokufakwa, iningi lenza amaphutha amakhulu, okuthinta ngokuqondile ukuqina nokusebenza kwamanzi ophahleni. Ake sihlole ukuthi yini esiyidingayo ukuze siqale ukwakhiwa kwalolu sakhiwo sokuphahla, futhi sifunde izimfihlo eziyinhloko zokufakwa kwayo.
Ukulinganisa
Ukwenza izilinganiso kuyisigaba sokuqala nesinye sezigaba eziyinhloko zokudala uphahla lwegable (gable), ngakho kufanele lithathwe ngokungathí sina ngokungathí sina kunalokho ukufakwa ngokwayo. Ukulinganisa okulungile nokucophelela kuthiwa yizimo eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wekhwalithi onamaphutha amancane, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sigaba, izibalo eziyisisekelo zenziwe ngezinto ezidingekayo kanye nenani lalo.
Funda amathiphu ekuhleleni izingadi kanye nomhlobiso wangaphambi kwensimu.
Izindlela zenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukulinganisa konke kwesikhala okumele kuhlanganiswe nophahla kanye nokuma kwayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thola ubude bendonga ngayinye ngaphandle. Ngemuva kwaloko, ulinganise ubukhulu bendonga ngayinye, futhi unqume ukuthi kukhona ukusekela okuphakathi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwesistimu ye-truss esiteji sokuklama, futhi nokunquma ukuthi izakhiwo ezisekelayo zikwazi ukusekela isisindo sayo sonke isakhiwo sophahla. Idatha eqoqwe kufanele ihlolwe izikhathi eziningana, ngoba kulokhu kuphela kuzokwazi ukuvikela emaphutha angenzeka ekuthuthukiseni iphrojekthi.
Kubalulekile! Ukulinganisa uphahla ngesisekelo sephrojekthi eyakhiwe ngaphambili yaleso sakhiwo akufanelekile, njengenqubo yokwakha izindonga kungase kube nokuphambene okukhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi
Ngemuva kokulinganisa okucophelelayo, ungaqhubeka nokulandelayo, isinyathelo esingabalulekile - ukudala iphrojekthi yephahla elizayo. Zonke izibalo zezibalo ezizayo kumele zenziwe ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngoba amaphutha angabangela isimo esingavamile sesakhiwo, ekuthuthukiseni nasekubhujisweni ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Kulesi sigaba, udinga ukunquma ngezici ezibalulekile ezifana nalezi:
- uhlobo lwezintambo nezigaba;
- ukuthambekela kwesakhiwo;
- ukuphakama kwephahla;
- ifomu.
Izinhlelo ze-Rafter zinezinhlobo ezimbili: ilenga futhi ilenga. 
Ama-rafters ama-hanging bathembela kuphela kumaphuzu amabili adlulele, okuyizindonga ezingaphandle zangaphandle. Lolu hlobo lukhethwa uma kwenzeka isakhiwo esincane lapho kungekho khona izindonga eziphethe imithwalo ephakathi. Rafter rafters yakha kuphela lapho kwenzeka khona ukudala ukwesekwa okungeziwe phakathi kwezindonga ezinkulu ezithwala imithwalo. Uhlelo olunjalo luyindlela enenzuzo kakhulu, ngoba ngokuvamile idinga izinto ezincane, futhi isisindo esiphezulu sophahla ngenkathi umthwalo wayo esisekelo isinciphisa kakhulu.
Isinyathelo esifanele sokugqoka (kusuka ku-600 ukuya ku-1800 mm) sincike ekutheni uhlobo lwezinto zokuphahla kanye nesigaba esiphambene nemilenze yezintambo, ezingahluka ngokuya ngenhloso nobukhulu besakhiwo: kusuka ku-40x150mm (ukukhanya okukhanyayo) kuya ku-100x250 mm (izindlu ezinezikwele ezinkulu). Kungenzeka ukubala ubuhlobo obuhle kunazo zonke phakathi kwale mibonakaliso ngosizo lwamatafula okwakhiwa okhethekile avunyelwe yizihloli zendawo zokwakha. 
I-angle nokuphakama kophahla kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kodwa izimo zezulu zesifunda kanye nesidingo se-attic eyengeziwe kufanele zicatshangelwe. Uma isakhiwo sakhiwa ezindaweni ezinemimoya enamandla, i-angle kufanele iyancishiswa ibe yi-30 °; ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu elinamandla kanye nobusika obukhulu beqhwa, kukhulunywa ngokukhuphuka kuya ku-60 ° ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezela jikelele kwisakhiwo. 
Ifomu elihle lincike kulo isikhala esingeziwe se-mansard sidinga. Kuze kube sekugcineni, kungenzeka ukuklama uphahla ngesimo sezinxantathu ezivamile egumbini elincane le-attic, kanye nomklamo we-dvuhskatnuyu we-sloping nge-attic eyengeziwe yokulungiswa kwegumbi elengeziwe. Ithinta i-angle kanye nohlobo lwezinto zokuphahla.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwakhiwa kophahla lwama-mansard.
Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sesikhathi esizayo, kuyadingeka ukunquma uhlobo lwezinto ezizosetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo, kanye nomthwalo wayo ongenakwenzeka ezindongeni ezisisekelo nezithwele imithwalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubala isisindo nobuningi bazo zonke izici zezinkuni, izinto zokuphahla, ukuthungatha kanye nezinye izinto. 
Ngalokhu, kudingekile ukuthi usebenzise amatafula okwakhiwa okhethekile, ngoba ngosizo lwabo kungenzeka ukuthi kunqume ubuhlobo obuzuzisayo kakhulu phakathi kohlobo kanye nenani lezinto zokwakha ophahleni, ubukhulu bezinto ezisekelayo nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo esizayo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zibalo kufanele zenziwe kuphela ngemva kokunquma umgodi, isigaba sezinsika nezinye izici.
Ividiyo: izinto eziyisisekelo zesistimu yokwakha isakhiwo
Kubalulekile! Uma ungenalo amakhono obuchwepheshe obudingekayo ekuklanyeni ozimele ophahleni, xhumana nezinhlangano ezikhethekile zokuklama, ngoba kulokhu kuphela ungaqiniseka ngokuphepha kwesakhiwo esizayo.
Ukulungiswa kwempahla namathuluzi
Ukwakhiwa kwephahla lokugaya kuqala ngokulungiselela izinto ezidingekayo namathuluzi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kusheshe ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo, kanye nokuhambisana nazo zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, konke okudingayo ukuze uhlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze uthole impilo egcwele kanye nokusebenza.
Ngalolu hlobo lomsebenzi uzodinga amathuluzi alandelayo:
- isando;
- i-mallet yamapulangwe noma enjoloba;
- i-nail puller;
- amazinga amaningana wokwakha ahlukene ubude;
- i-plummet;
- isitimela sepulasitiki noma seplastiki cishe 1.5 m ubude;
- i-roulette engaphansi kwamamitha angu-5;
- amathuluzi kagesi - umshini wokugqoka, isikebhe esibucayi, i-jigsaw, i-planer, i-saw kanye nezidakamizwa ezihambisanayo;
- i-handsaw;
- i-chisel;
- okungenani ama-stepladders amabili e-sliding wokulingana okwanele;
- ifenisha yefenisha.
Izinto ezidingekayo:- izingongolo zensimbi zokulungisa izigqoko;
- amabakaki wokwakha;
- izikhonkwane zokhuni, izipikili nezinsimbi zokuqinisa izingxenye ndawonye;
- izigxobo zokubeka uMauerlat;
- imishayo yezinsika;
- imigoqo yokudala amakhekhe angaphandle.
Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe ngezinto zokwakha, njengoba ziyisisekelo sakhiwo esizayo. Ukuze ukwakhiwa kudinga ukusetshenziswa izinkuni ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile nezomisiwe. Okuhle kunakho konke, uma izingcingo zisetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso - zinamandla amakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kulula futhi kulula ukucubungula. Uma izinto ozithengile zingenayo amafomu afanelekayo, kumele zilethwe esimweni esifunyiwe ngosizo lomhleli namanye amathuluzi, okuzosiza ukufaka ukufakwa kwazo okulandelayo.
Kubalulekile! Izinkuni ezinomsoco ongadluli u-18% zifanelekile ukufakwa, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungase kuguqulwe futhi kuphazamise isakhiwo. Ukuze uzivikele, izinto ezithengiwe kufanele zibekwe ngaphambilini ngokwemvelo amasonto ambalwa.
Ukuze unike izinkuni okulindeleke ukuhlala nokuphepha komlilo, kuyadingeka kumele baphathwe ngezixazululo ezikhethekile zamakhemikhali. Lezi zihlanganisa ama-antiseptics, kanye nama-fluids anikezela izinkuni ukumelana nomswakama nokushisa okuphansi. Namuhla kuningi labakhiqizi kanye namagama wemikhiqizo enjalo emakethe, nokho, sincoma ukuthi sibheke kuphela ezindleleni zokuvikelwa okuphelele. Banikeza ithuba lokunikeza izinkuni izici ezifunayo ngenani eliphansi lemikhakha yezobuchwepheshe.
Funda futhi mayelana nokudala kusayithi lamathrekhi (kusuka kukhonkolo, ukusika izinkuni) kanye nezicingo (kusukela ku-chain chain-link, shtaketnika, gabions, weaving).
Khweza intaba
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luhlobo luni lwephahla, ukuphakama kwephahla kufanele kulandwe kusukela ukulungisa ipuleti yamandla - ibhande elingenayo eliphakeme, lapho ama-rafters ahlanganiswa ngqo. Ezingxenyeni zendlu yelogi, indima yayo idlalwe yizingodo eziphezulu ezitholakala eceleni kwesakhiwo, ngenkathi izakhiwo zezitini liyisakhiwo esakhiwe ngokukhethekile. Indima yayo idlalwe ngamapulangwe angaphansi kwezingxenye eziningana ukusuka ku-50x150 mm kuya ku-150x150 mm, ephakanyiswe phezulu phezulu kodonga eceleni kwendawo yonke yesakhiwo. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo umthwalo wophahla emagcekeni okubeka kanye nesisekelo. 
Ukufakwa kwe-mauerlat kuqala ngokufakwa kokuqala kwezigqoko zensimbi ngencingo enobubanzi obuyi-12 mm engxenyeni engenhla yezindonga. I-pitch phakathi kwe-studs kufanele ibe ngu-100-150 mm. Ngosizo lwazo, izingodo zizoxhunyaniswa nezakhiwo ezisekelayo, futhi kufanele kunakekelwe ukunakekelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi emva kokuphakamisa ipuleti elikhuphukayo ukuphakama kwesivinini akudluli ku-20-30 mm.
Ngokuqhubekayo emigodini kubalulekile ukubhoboza izimbobo nge-drill, bese uqinisa ngokuqinile izikhonkwane usebenzisa i-nut. Phakathi kwe-mauerlat nodonga kudingekile ukubeka ungqimba lwamanzi wokuphahla, i-hydro-barrier, njll. Izakhiwo zezitini, indima ye-mauerlat ingadlalwa ngegoli elikhonkolo le-monolithic eneziko zensimbi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, kodwa lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuyifaka.
Uyazi? Izinto ezifana nokuphahleni, njengebhodi eliboshiwe, zazalwa ngo-1820. Wakha uHenry Palmer - umdwebi odumile waseBrithani nomnjiniyela.
Uhlaka lokuphakama (uhlelo lwe-truss, umlenze)
Emva kokufaka ipuleti yamandla, ungaqala ukufaka uhlelo lwe-truss. Inqubo iqala ukubeka phansiokuyinto ibha lezingodo elinesigaba sika 150x150mm. Iphakanyiselwe edilini lokufaka u-1 m, kodwa ngokuvamile leli banga lingahle lenziwe ngokwemibandela. Ngokulandelayo, izingodo ziba yisisekelo sezinsika ezisekela ophahleni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaqhubeka nokufakwa kwe-truss. Yakha ukwakheka okwakhiwa kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene ngesimo soxantathu futhi kuvamise kwenziwa ibha (ukunyathela izinyawo) ka-50x150 cm ngesayizi. 
I-truss truss yakhiwa ngamangqwelathu angamanye omumo ofanayo. Ezimweni eziningi, ziqala emhlabeni. Ngalesi sizathu, ithempulethi yenziwe emilenzeni ehlukene ye-truss, ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izingxenye zomgwaqo we-truss ezakhiwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, izakhi ngasinye zihamba ngokuhlukile futhi ziphakanyiselwe epulazini yamandla endaweni eqondile kusuka komunye nomunye. Ukunikeza ukuqina nokuthembeka kwenduku emilenzeni ye-rafter kanye ne-mauerlate, ukukhwabanisa okhethekile kwenziwa, okwenza isakhiwo sonke sibe nzima kakhulu. 
Ukufaka ifreyimu ngezindlela ezimbili. Lapho izakhi zokuqala ze-truss trusses zihleliwe, ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kwesinye. Okwesibili, izingxenye ezimbi kakhulu zesistimu ye-truss zihlanganiswe epulazini yamandla, emva kwalokho okunye okuhlanganisiwe kufakwe phakathi kwabo. Zonke izinto zokhuni zihlanganiswa kanye nezinsimbi zensimbi.
Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka ukungena ubude bokhuni lwezinkuni uma ufaka uhla lwephahla, lungakhula. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa indlela yokuhlunga noma ye-spike yokuphakanyiswa kwemigodi.
Ividiyo: ukufakwa kwama-rafters
Ukufaka i-ridge beam
Ukwenza uphahla lwesikhathi esizayo luthembeke, ludinga ukuqiniswa ngesigxobo se-ridge. Leli bhande elikhethekile lezinkuni elihlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwephahla endaweni lapho imilenze yokugubha ifakwe khona. 
Ukufakwa kwalo kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Esikhathini sokuqala, imithi ibheke emva kokufakwa kwezinto eziyinhloko zesistimu ye-truss.
Kwesibili - kuba yisisekelo sohlaka lonke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izingxenye ezimbi kakhulu zomgqa wokugwedla ziphakanyisiwe, emva kwalokho zixhunyaniswe nomunye ibha ye-ridge, khona-ke izingxenye eziphambili ze-truss truss ziphakanyisiwe. 
Ukuze uthuthukise ukuqina kwesakhiwo, ekuhlanganiseni kwemilenze ye-rafter yenza izigqoko ezikhethekile ngendlela ye-barge ridge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxila izingxenye zokhuni komunye nomunye ngosizo lwezingongolo zensimbi kuyathuthukiswa. 
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-ridge beam isisekelo sokunamathiselwa kwezinsika ezisekelayo.
Ukufakwa okungenakwenzeka kwe-bolt
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukufaka imilenze yokusekela ephakathi ukunciphisa umphumela wamandla okugxila kwi-mauerlat, kuyadingeka ukufaka izikhwama zokwakha ezikhethekile, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-bolts. Indima yabo idlalwe ibha lezinkuni elinengxenye ye-50x150 mm, noma kunjalo, lezi zilinganiso zingashintsha kuye ngezimo kanye nohlobo lwesakhiwo. 
Faka i-bolt emkhatsini wemilenze emaceleni ukusuka ohlangothini lwophahla kude nendawo yamamitha ayi-1 ukusuka emgodini ohambisana nendawo kuze kube phansi kwesakhiwo sonke. Izipikili noma izikulufa kufanele zisetshenziswe njengezinsimbi zokugqoka; ukuthuthukisa ukuqina komsebenzi wonke, umgodi ungabuye uqiniswe ngamakhonsimbi ensimbi.
Umbhede wamatshe, umfudlana owomile, i-rocky arion, i-slide e-alpine, i-swing ingadi, umthombo, imvula yamanzi, ingcweti yezitshalo (i-ladybug, isihlahla sokuhlobisa, isundu sesenziwe ngamabhodlela epulasitiki) sizosiza ukwenza indawo ye-dacha ibe ehlelekile futhi engavamile.
Ukuqinisa uphahla
Ukunikeza ukuhlala kwephahla eliphansi, ukuthembeka nokuqina, kuqiniswa nakakhulu. Ngale njongo, sebenzisa izinsika eziphakathi, izintambo, ukubopha, ukuqinisa, ama-ovaries ahlukeneyo. Ibha yeliphi isigaba lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza, kodwa imigqa ka-50x150 mm iyakufanelekela ngale njongo. 
Insika eyinhloko ifakwe ohlangothini olulodwa endaweni yendawo yokugeleza, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi - kuya phansi, ngokubhekiselele phansi kwesakhiwo esiseduze namabili emilenzeni. Bayayilungisa ngezikuluzi noma ngezipikili futhi ngokungeziwe baqinise ngamakhonksi ensimbi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko yenksika eyinhloko ukunciphisa umthamo ophelele ophahleni bese uphinde uphinde uwenze kabusha emgqeni wamandla, bese ususelwa kwisisekelo nasendongeni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlela izakhiwo ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili ububanzi.
Kubalulekile! Ukugcizelelwa kwensika ephakathi kumele kuwele odongeni olusekelayo, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, isakhiwo singase siwe.
Ukuqhakaziza kuyisici esibalulekile samapulangwe amakhulu, umsebenzi wabo ukunciphisa umthwalo wendawo yonke emigodini yegable. Ukuze ukufakwa kwamabhande kusetshenziswe ibha engxenyeni enkulu kunazo zonke, nokho kulezi zinhloso futhi izinsalela zemilenze yokugwedla izosondela. Ukukhwabanisa kufakwe kanje: olunye uhlangothi lwesigxobo kumele luhlale ekhoneni le-pediment, elinye libheke emgqeni ophakathi. 
Ama-ovaries, amahlombe kanye nama-ovaries ahlukeneyo asebenza njengophahla olwengeziwe lokuqiniswa, okubaluleke kakhulu ezifundeni ezinezikhathi eside zeqhwa. Qinisekisa ukuqinisa izinyawo zombili ngezinyawo. Benza bakwazi ukuhlakazeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza. 
Ama-struts anika ukuqina okukhulu ophahleni. Namathisela emaceleni omabili ngezinyawo zombili. Olunye uhlangothi lwe-strut kufanele luvumelane ngokushelela phansi kwesigxobo esisezingeni eliphakathi, kanti elinye libe phakathi kwendawo yokugqoka noma eduze nomgwaqo. Ama-ovarie ahlukeneyo aphakanyiswa ngale ndlela elandelayo: Uhlangothi oluphansi lwesigxobo kufanele lufakwe ngaphansi kwe-rafter eyodwa, kanti okwesibini kuya phakathi kwesilandelayo.
Ividiyo: Ukuqinisa ama-rafters amathukuthezi nama-braces
I-crate
Ngemva kokuhlela isisekelo esinokwethenjelwa sophahla, ungaqhubeka nesakhiwo se-crate. Idlala indima yochungechunge olwengeziwe lapho impahla yokuphahla izohlanganiswa khona. 
I-crate ine-counter kanye ne-crate boram. I-borrower counter ihlanganiswe eceleni kwendwangu yezinsika, ngemuva kwalokho ukukhishwa kwesikhumba kufakwe phezulu. Ukuze uhlasele, imithi ene-crossx of 50x60 mm iyakulungeleka, futhi i-pitch yayo ixhomeke kuhlobo lwezinto zokuphahla. Isibonelo, isimbi yensimbi kufanele ibe cishe ngo-350 mm, ngokukhishwa kanye ne-slate - cishe ngo-450 mm. 
Endabeni yephahleni elithambile, i-crate kufanele ibe kabili. Isendlalelo sokuqala senziwe ngamapulangwe ane-ububanzi obungaphezu kuka-25 mm nobubanzi obungaba ngu-140 mm, negebe eliphakathi kwabo elingaba ngu-10 mm. Uhlaka lwesibili kufanele lube luqinile ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngaphandle kwezikhala; ngakho-ke, ngaleyo njongo, isilwane esinamapulangwe enziwe ngamanzi anesisindo esingenani okungu-10 mm sisetshenziswa.
Ukuze ususe umswakama ovela ngaphansi kwezinto zokuphahla ezikhungweni zihlinzekela izimbobo zemifino. Для этого на каждой стороне необходимо предусмотреть по 2-3 воздушных канала шириной около 5 см. Начинаться они должны с нижней части свеса, а заканчиваться как можно выше.
Читайте также о том, как соорудить на даче веранду, перголу, беседку (из поликарбоната), мангал (из камня), скамейку.
Ukubeka isikhwama semfucumfucu yomswakama, ukugxilisa, ukungena kwamanzi
Ukuze uvikele okuqukethwe kwe-batten kusuka kwesikhukhuni, udinga ukunakekelwa ifilimu ekhethekile yokungena amanzi noma i-membrane. Ngayinye yalezi zinto zinezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Imfucuza iyona engcono kunazo zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala. Ngokungafani namafilimu alula, banokuqina okuqinile, ukumelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, futhi bayakwazi ukudlulisa umusi kusuka ekamelweni kuya ngaphandle, kodwa inani labo liphakeme kakhulu.
I-filmproofing ifilimu yinto engabizi kakhulu kunekhanda, kepha lihlala liphansi kancane. Ngokuvamile kufakwa endaweni engekho yokuhlala (elachithiwe, igaraji, njll). Ukubeka izinto zokufaka umswakama kwenziwa phambi kwe-lathing ne-counter-bar, ngokuqondile emaphoyiseni. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa izikopelo ezincane noma isitsha sefenisha. 
Ukuze ilungiselelo elingaphansi kwephahla lokugqekeza lokugumbana liphinde lishiswe. Ngalesi sizathu, basebenzisa uboya obuncane kuphela, ngoba noma yikuphi uhlobo lwepulasitiki le-foam lokusebenza ngaphakathi kokushisa okushisayo akuvunyelwe. Beka ukugxila ngaphakathi kwe-attic, ekuvuleni phakathi kwama-rafters. Ngokusho kwesidingo sezinto zokushisa ezishisayo, ifreyimu ekhethekile yenzelwe. Ubukhulu besendlalelo sokuxhuma, kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu zendawo, zingashintsha kanjani. Isibonelo, esimweni sezulu esifudumele kufanele sibe okungenani 100-150 mm. 
Phezulu kwe-wool yamaminerali kufanele ibeke ibhola lomkhankaso wesikhumba. Lokhu kuzonikeza ithuba lokuvikela ukukhishwa kwesikhumba ekuqoqeni kwe-condensate kuyo. Okulandelayo, phezu kokugxilwa kufanele kwakhiwe i-crate yamapulangwe enkuni noma amaprofayli e-aluminium, bese uyivala nge-drywall noma amabhodi wokwakha ngamapulangwe.
Uyazi? Umlando we-slate waqala ngo-1901, ngenxa kaLudwig Gatchchek. Kulo nyaka, ososayensi wase-Austria okokuqala ngephakamitha i-patented indlela yokwenza ama-slabs okuphahleni kusuka ku-asbestos samente.
Ukufaka ama-drippers
Isinyathelo esilandelayo emalungiselelweni ophahleni olunama-double-slope ukufakwa kwe-drips. Ziyadingeka ukuze zivikele ama-aves kanye ne-ridge emanzini emvula ngesikhathi sezulu noma iqhwa liqhakazile. I-Kapelnik iyisistimu yamacwecwe ensimbi nezibhebhe eziguquguqukayo. 
Amacwecwe ahlanganiswe ekrethini eluphahleni enezipikili, endaweni ye-ridge ne-cornice ene-50 mm okungenani. Ngemuva kwalokho, iplanethi eguquguqukayo ihlanganiswe namacwecwe, okuthuthukisayo hhayi kuphela amandla okusebenza okwehla, kodwa futhi nawo ahlasela ama-aesthetics. Uma kunesidingo, ukudonsa kungadluliselwa emgodini, kepha kufanele kuphakanyiswe kuphela emva kokumbozwa kwephahla.
Ividiyo: ukusetha ukuvuza
Ukufakwa kwesembozo
Isigaba sokugcina sokufakwa kwephahla lensimbi limboza ifreyimu ngezixhobo zokuphahla. Emakethe yamanje kukhona izinhlobo eziningi zalesi simbozo: slate, shingles, okonakele nokunye. Okukhethwa kukho kwesabelomali kunayo yonke into evamile slate slateIvivinywa izizukulwane namashumi eminyaka, kodwa ukukhathazeka kwayo okuyinhloko kunesisindo esikhulu. 
Abameli be-Ondulin besigaba samanani aphakathi angabizwa uphahla lensimbi noma i-ondulin. Izinhlanzi yilona uhlobo olubi kakhulu lokugqoka. Ngaphandle kwendwangu yokwengeza eyongezayo esikhundleni samakhekhethi, kudinga ukudala ungqimba lwe-monolithic lwamacwecwe enkuni.
Funda indlela yokuzakhela uphahla nge-ondulin.
Ukukhethwa kohlobo oluhle lokubheka akulona nje ngesayizi sesabelomali. Okokuqala, kufanele uqaphele umthamo womhlaba ophahleni. Ngensimbi engama-20 ° noma ngaphansi, amaphahla flat flat shingles kuyindlela engcono kakhulu. I-angle encane yophahla ibangela ukulibaziseka kwamanzi namanzi emvula, ngakho-ke, izinto zokwehla kwe-monolithic kuphela ezinamapulangwe asemaphandleni zinganikeza ukuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa komhlaba kusukela umswakama womoya. 
I-metal tile Ekhoneni lokwakhiwa kuka-20 °, isithende, isileli yensimbi, i-flooring eboshiwe noma i-ondulin isetshenziselwa ukukhetha. Izinto ezinjalo ngokuvamile azinawo amajoyini alungile, kepha i-opharethi ephakeme ngokwanele yophahla iyasiza ekukhuphukeni okusheshayo kokuswakama okuvela phezulu.
Uyazi? Ama-shingles aqala ukubonga i-American Henry Reynolds. Ngo-1903, uqale ukuhlongozwa ukusika uphahla lwaluphazamisekile lwaba yizicucu ezincane ze-rectangular noma hexagonal ukuze kube lula ukufakwa kwalo.
I-Skate mount
Emva kokufakwa kwezinto zokuphahla ufake i-skate. Lesi sesekeli siyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe umthamo ophezulu phakathi kwamapulangwe amabili ophahleni kusuka emvula. 
I-ridge yikona lesensimbi noma lepulasitiki elinamamitha ama-2 ubude nobubanzi behlangothini ngalunye lwe-150-200 mm. Yinamathisele ukuze uqoqe imishayo kanye nokuqoqwa kwama-100-200 mm. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izikrini ezikhethekile nge-hatshi enkulu noma izipikili zokuphahla, ibanga eliphakathi kwezinsimbi kufanele libe ngu-100-150 mm.
Ividiyo: uphahla lwe-gable
Uphahleni olunamathele kabili luyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ekwakheni nasekufakweni, ilungiselelo elidinga ulwazi oluningi lobuchwepheshe namakhono. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi wokwakha, kubalulekile ukucabangela zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances zokufakwa kwayo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukisa iphrojekthi. Kuphela kuleli cala kuyobe kuphahleni olulodwa lwezintambo kube isivikelo sangempela emvula naseqhweni, futhi lizosebenza ngokwethembeka iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi.
