Imikhonzo yemifino evela esikhathini esedlule seMhlaba - uSalvinia ehamba

Phakathi kwabaningi abangabamele umbuso wezitshalo, kunezinzalo zabo ezilandelwa kusukela esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa kwamahlathi ashisayo asePaleozoic.

Ukusakazeka emzimbeni wamanzi ahlanzekile, kwaba yizinto eziphilayo zokwakheka kwenhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zilungiselela izimo zezitshalo ezinqabile.

Phakathi kwazo kukhona izinsalela ze-salvinia enkulu yesisu.

Kungani ama-spore ferns ayitshalo ephakeme?

Ukuba nokungafani kohlobo lwe-morphology (utshani obungapheli, izinhlobo ezinamanzi neziqu) kanye nomhlaba (amahlathi amanzi, izidumbu zamanzi), wonke amaportnikovye ane sporangia, lapho i-gametophyte yabesilisa nabesifazane ikhula khona.

I-Sporangia yakhiwa ngokuqondile emzimbeni wesitshalo - iziqu, amaqabunga, futhi ziqoqwe ngamaqembu - i-sorus. Izici zokwakhiwa kwe-sorinas ne-sporangia ku-salvines zihlukaniswa njengezicansi, izitshalo eziphakeme ze-spore.

Ngencazelo yesayense, i-genus yama-spore ferns ehamba ngokukhululekile ibizwa ngegama layo ngokuhlonipha usosayensi we-Florentine no-botanist we-Lighting - U-Antonio Salvini.

Kodwa isitshalo sokuqala emibonweni yayo yemifino Yande endaweni yokukhiqiza kwe-aquarium ne-landscape design.

Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezihlahla, futhi ukuphakama kwazo kuwubuqili uma kuqhathaniswa nabokhokho bokuqala - angaphezu kwamamitha angu-15. Ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, i-trunk "yomuthi" ongenalo amasongo, futhi ama-ferns e-epiphytic agxilisa eceleni. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokufa, lesi sitshalo sihlala sisekela abalingani bayo abancane.

Izinhlobo

Zonke izitshalo zalolu hlobo zibhekwa yi:

• ukutholakala kwezinhlobo ezimbili zamaqabunga - phezulu nangaphansi kwamanzi; amaqabunga angaphansi kwamanzi, enza umsebenzi wezimpande, anondle isitshalo futhi agcine izakhi;
• ukuntuleka kohlelo lwempande;
• umjikelezo wokuphila oyinhloko, okwakhiwa kwe-sporangia;
• gametophyte equatorial kanye oboepolost;
• ukutholakala kwe-organ (staling organ) (ukuphuma kwamanzi kwezicubu ezixekethile);
• umjikelezo wokuphila weminyaka eminingi, ngaphandle kwalokho- "Salvinia natans" (Salvinia floating), umjikelezo wokuphila okuvuselelwa njalo ngonyaka.

Kuye ngokuma nokulingana kwamaqabunga, i-keel, esifundeni semvelaphi, okuthandwa yizinga lokushisa kanye nekhwalithi yemvelo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-fern ziyahlukaniswa:

I-Floating

Ukuhlala kwama-subtropics kanye nendawo ehlanzekile ye-Eurasia. Kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele e-t◦ amanzi kusuka ku-23 ° C no-pH 6-7.5; inezinhlobo ezimbili zamaqabunga (kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-2.0 cm). Ezingenhla ziluhlaza, ezansi zibomvu, futhi izinwele zazo zizosiza ukugcina ubuhle. I-keel ikhiwa eduze kwe-vein central, iphenduke ibe scape. Okuyingqayizivele ukuthi ekupheleni komjikelezo wezitshalo izitshalo ziyafa kanti izitshalo ezintsha zivela ezinhlamvu.

I-subspecies yesithombe Egcwele:

Eyed

Izwe: Izindawo ezishisayo zase-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika, indawo yokuhlala amanzi ahamba kancane kusuka ku-25 ° C ku-pH 6-7.5. Iqukethe amaqabunga ukusuka ku-2 kuya ku-5 cm, ukuphakama kweqabunga kuphakanyiswa, ingxenye engaphezulu yeqabunga ihlanganiswe ne-papillae nezinwele. I-keel eyakhiwe kahle, inika ukumelana nesitshalo. Izici - i-sporocarp ku-stem branched. Ukukhula ndawonye izinwele kuthinta isimo esithile samaqabunga.

Ama-subspecies ama-albhamu asele:

Klobuchkovaya

Isifunda semvelaphi sise-Southeast Asia. Izimo zemvelo - t◦ amanzi kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-30◦С, pH5-8. Amaqabunga amancane, ahlotshiswe ngamapulangwe, enza amahlathi angaba ngu-2 cm ubude. Izinwele zihlinzeka nge-non-wicking.

Ukusuka kwamabhulebhu emoyeni ushiya isiliva. I-keel isakhiwe kahle, inika ukuqina kwesitshalo. Isici - ubuso beshidi buhlanganiswe ne-papillae nezinwele. Empeleni ihlanza amanzi, i-duckweed isinda.

I-subspecies yesithombe Klobuchkovaya:

U-spruce

Ezweni: ezishisayo nezindawo ezishisayo zaseMelika nase-Eurasia. Indawo yokuhlala - t◦ amanzi kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-30◦С, pH 6-7,5. Amagqabha ahlotshiswe ngamapulangwe, izinwele zihlinzeka ngokungahambi kahle. Kusuka emoyeni bubbles - isiliva. I-keel ikhiwa eduze kwe-vein central, iphenduke ibe scape. Kutholakala kumvelo ngokungajwayelekile.

I-subspecies yesithombe isi-spruce:

I-ellong (ihlukanisiwe)

Izwe: Southeast Asia. Kukhona lapho i-t◦ amanzi kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-30◦С, pH 6-7,5.
Amaqabunga aphezulu ahlotshiswe enhliziyweni nge-notches esiphezulu, ama-2.5-4.5 cm ubude, okuyizingalo ezine ububanzi. Ukuqina 0,5sm. I-Downy, ishidi elingaphansi kwamanzi lifika ku-20cm. I-Kiel enamandla, ivuliwe. Inokuhlobisa kakhulu.

I-subspecies yesithombe i-Oblong:

I-Small-leaved

Izwe: Southeast Asia. Kuthuthukiswe ngokugcwele ku-t◦ amanzi kusuka ku-20 ukuya ku-30◦С, pH5-8. Amaqabunga amancane (kufikela ku-0.5 cm), ahlukumezekile, angenawo amanzi; ngaphansi kwamanzi - ngendlela yemicu ende. I-keel iyingcosana kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Inhloso kuphela ye-aquarium.

Ama-subspecies ama-Izithombe avuliwe:

Ruiza

Ukubukwa kweRelic. Ukusabalalisa kwenani le-microsporangia phezu kwe-megasporangia kuyinto ephawulekayo, ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi kuyinkinga yezilwane.

Izithombe ze-subspecies Khuphula:

Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya

Endaweni yendlu yangasese ingahlelwa ingadi ye-aquarium - i-artificial reservoir enezindonga ezibonakalayo, ephakeme ngaphezu komhlaba.

Ukusekela kungasebenza njengebhodi lembali lomgwaqo. I-Salvinia emgodini onjalo kuyoba efaneleka kakhulu: kuyokwenza ukuthungelwa kwezinhlanzi nezinye izitshalo kusuka elangeni eliqondile.

Umbono ongenakuzithoba - salvinia ehamba, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zizizwa zikhulu emanzini ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo:

• amanzi ahlale njalo kuluhlu oluphakanyisiwe (kusukela ku-20 ukuya ku-30◦С) enomthelela emvelweni -5◦С;
• ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali: i-asidi - pH5-8; ukuqina -dH 4-15◦;
• ukukhanya okwanele (1-3 W / litre), ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula (entwasahlobo-ehlobo) usebenzisa ama-fluorescent noma ama-phytolamps;
• ukuhamba kalula kwamanzi;
• umkhuba womoya womswakama (ohlukaniswe isilinganiso sobubanzi be-aquarium kuya endaweni yegumbi, okungafanele kube ngaphezu kuka-2%);
• akukho ukunciphisa phezulu;
• Ukuvuselelwa okuvamile kwamanzi ku-aquarium (masonto onke - kuze kube yikota yesilinganiso).

I-aquarium ene-salvines ayifanele ihlanganiswe ngilazi, engabangela ukuvuthwa okungalungile. Izitshalo ezikhukhula ngokwayo zivikela indawo yokugcina amanzi yamanzi kusukela ekukhuphukeni ngokweqile komswakama.

Ukuzala

USalvinia uveza ngokulinganayo ngezindlela ezimbili:

Izingxabano

Esikhathini senqubo ye-sporulation, lapho, ekwindla, ihamba ne-sorus iwa phansi phansi ebusika, kanti entwasahlobo, i-gametophyte yamaduna neyesifazane iyaphula, ifaka, futhi ngenxa yendlela yokukhulelwa ifomu ezintsha.

Vegetative

Ukukhiqiza izitshalo iyatholakala unyaka wonke. I-algorithm yayo iqukethe ukuvuswa kwama-nodular efihlekile ekuhlukanisweni kwengxenye yesitshalo kusuka kumzali wayo.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isici esibangela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zama-ferns ashisayo kungase kube ukuhamba kwezinyoni noma izikebhe ezibhekene nomthombo wamanzi: zihamba, ziqhekeze iziqephu zezitshalo, zidale izinto ezidingekayo zokukhula kwezinto ezintsha.

Inani lezitshalo zezinto eziphilayo

I-Salvinia njenge-flarium flora

• ihlanza amanzi futhi ihlanza i-nitrate nezinsimbi ezinzima;
• idala indawo yokuhlala yokudoba inhlanzi;
• inikeza abantu abahlala e-aquarium;
• ukhonza njengendawo yokuphumula yama-amphibians (tritons);

Sebenzisa kumklamo we-landscape

• kuthuthukisa ukuhlotshaniswa kweziqephu zokufakelwa;
• ikhuthaza ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi emachibini angajulile namachibi;
• ihlobisa kahle ugu lolwandle.

Isiphetho

Ukukhula okuqinile kwalolu hlobo lwezitshalo, kunzima ukuphila kwemithombo yamanzi babone kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Emigodini yokuhlobisa, i-salvinia ngokwayo ingase ihlupheke endaweni ethile enekhonkri entsha noma igravel ithululelwe phansi: yandisa ukwakhiwa kwe-alkali.

I-spor fern fern yamahhala iyisitshalo esithakazelisayo sokuhlela i-aquarium noma echibini, kodwa futhi into ethakazelisayo yokubheka kwezingane, ngoba impilo yayo yonke ifinyelela ekubonweni okubukwayo.

Amanye ama-ferns angaphakathi ahlanganisa: Pelley, Pteris, Cirtomium, Asplenium, Adiantum, Davallia, Blehnum, Nephrolepis, Polypodium, Platicerium, Uzzhnik neGrozdnik.