Bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala bazojabulela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Orlovsky Pioneer.
Ngenxa yobuhle bayo nokunambitheka okumangalisayo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zisakazwa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Kukhethwa ukuzalanisa embonini nasemapulazini asekhaya.
Uhlobo luni?
I-Orlovsky Pioneer yizinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo zama-apula. Izithelo zibukeka zikhangayo. Phakathi no-Agasti, bahlwanyela ngokuphelele futhi bathululelwa ijusi. Ama-apula avulekile abambelela ngokuqinile esihlahleni, futhi ungawa. Izithelo eziqoqiwe zigcinwa isikhathi eside..
Izimo zokugcina ezilungile - zimnyama nokubandayo.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yama-apula kulokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyoba isitoreji emabhokisini enkuni emiphongolweni. Ngaphansi kwayo yonke imikhuba, ama-apula angagcina izimfanelo zawo kuze kube nguDisemba.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula "Iphayona elingu-Orlovsky" libhekisela kulawo mahlahla apula impova yizinambuzane.
Izincazelo ezihlukahlukene Ukuphayona kuka-Orlovsky
Abalimi abaningi, bebuka i-apple tree seedling, bangakwazi ukubona ngokushesha indawo yayo ekubunjweni kwensimu. Ukubukeka ngenkathi idlala indima enkulu.
Izinhlobo ze-Apple ziphansi. I-Crohn ihambile, inhle kakhulu. Izithelo ezinkulu ezithwala amagatsha zikhulu kakhulu, ezicishe zifane nomhlabathi. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, izihlahla ze-apula, amagatsha ayaqhuma.
Amahlumela - aphezulu, ashicilela, asundu. Amaqabunga amancane, afana nesifuba, aluhlaza okomnyama. Ipuleti leqabunga liboshwe kancane phakathi, emaphethelweni epuleti ahlangene.
I-inflorescences yayizilinganiso eziphakathi, emhlophe ngombala nge-tinge ebomvu.
Izinhlobo ze-Orlovsky Pioneer ziphakathi. Izitshalo ezivuthiwe izithelo - 120 amagremu. I-apula ngokwayo iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isithelo sithende kakhulu izimbambo. Isikhumba sinobukhulu obuphakathi, bushelelezi kuze kuthinte. Umngcele ujulile futhi ulula, isoso sincane.
Imbewu iyigugu, usayizi ophakathi. Ikamelo lembewu livaliwe. Inyama yesithelo iminyene kakhulu, enamanzi, enomuncu kumnandi.
Isithombe
Incazelo elandelwayo yomuthi we-apulale we-Orlovsky Pioneer esithombeni:
Umlando wokuzala
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe esikhungweni se-All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops ngo-1976. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuhilelekile E.N. I-Sedov no-Z.M. Serov.
Ukuze bathole izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ososayensi basebenzisa indlela yokuxuba eyakhiwe ngu-I.V. Michurin.
Isisekelo salolu hlobo sasikhethwe u-Antonovka Krasnobochka nomshwana we-hybride SR 0523. Ukuhlolwa kwakhethwa izihlahla ezingama-20 zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Antonovka Krasnobochka.
Esigabeni sokuqala salokho kuhlolwa, izinhlobo ezibelethweni zababelethi zenza njengesivivinywa; esigabeni sesibili, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zezingane zazivele ziyimpova.
Ingxenye yokuqala yokuhlolwa yaphumelela, futhi ababelethi banquma ukukhetha imbewu kusuka emapulazini angu-12 ukuze kuqhubeke ukutshala. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu yahlanjululwa, okwenza kube nokwandisa izinga lokuhluma.
Emva kokutshala, ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo ezintsha kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nendlela yomqondisi (uthisha).
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zanezelwa kwi-Vm gene, okwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuthi kube nokumelana okuhle nesibalo.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Emvelweni, lezi zihlukahlukene zisakazwa kabanzi eRussia ephakathi. Kodwa futhi kuvamile kakhulu ensimini ye-Ukraine ne-Belarus, njengoba ivumelana kahle nezinguquko ezimweni zemvelo.
Ukuze ukujwayela okusheshayo kwezinhlobonhlobo ekukhuleni kwezimo ezibandayo, kuyadingeka ukuba ukondle umuthi ngeziqu eziphilayo.
Inhlabathi eqinile, njengomthetho, ayimpofu emithonjeni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukondla insimu encane izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka.
Ebusika, isiqu se-apula kufanele sihlanganiswe, futhi umhlabathi ozungezile kufanele ufudumale ngamaqabunga.
Uma ukhula ezihlukahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo zesomiso, umuthi we-apula udinga ukuchelela okuningi. Umuthi we-Apple uthatha izinto eziwusizo ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwempande ngendlela ehlakazekile, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inhlabathi inomswakama futhi ikhululekile.
Imithi yase-apula encane idinga ukuphuziswa izikhathi ezingu-2 ngesonto, futhi phakathi nezinkathi ezinzima kakhulu lapho inhlabathi iyoma.
Ukuthela
Izihlahla ze-Apple "I-Orlovsky Pioneer" ziyizinhlobo eziphezulu zokuvumela.
Izithelo zokuqala ku-apula zizovela eminyakeni engama-6 emva kokutshala. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-apula eyodwa ingaletha ama-apula angu-75 kilogram.
Isisindo sesithelo esivuthiwe singaba-120 amagremu.
Isikhathi sokuvuna sise-Agasti. Izithelo zigcinwa kahle.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zalolu hlobo ziveza izithelo kanye ngonyaka.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe aziwa, kuvumela ukwandisa isikhathi sokuvuna.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
I-Apple idinga ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Izindlela zokufaneleka nokunakekelwa okufanele zizocatshangelwa ngokuningiliziwe.
Okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha isikhathi nendawo yokutshala i-apula. Isikhathi esihle sokuhlala umhlaba sizoba kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi - kuze kuphakathi kuka-Ephreli. I-apula ehlukahlukene ye-Orlovsky Pioneer izokwazi ukuhambisana nendawo evulekile, evulekile. Izihlahla ze-Apple kufanele zitshalwe ngamaqembu.
Ngoba izithombo zidinga ukulungisa imbobo engaphezu kwama-70 cm ngokujula nangamitha ayi-1 ngobubanzi. Ukutshala i-apple kumele kube kude kwamamitha angu-4-5 kusuka komunye nomunye. Emva kokutshala, umuthi we-apula kufanele uthululwe ngobuningi ngamanzi, lokhu kuzovumela umhlaba ukugoqa izimpande eduze.
Isici esiyinhloko sokunakekela lolu hlobo lwezihlahla ze-apula ukuthi umuthi udinga ukusika izihlahla njalo. Uma weqa lesi sigaba sokunakekelwa, izinga le-apple le-fruiting lizobe lincane.
Izindlela zokunakekelwa okujwayelekile:
- Entwasahlobo: ukuhlolwa kwesihlahla, ukusika izihlahla.
- Ehlobo: ukukhulula nokuhlanza inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla, ukuchelela njalo nokwelashwa kwezinambuzane.
- Ekwindla: ukugcoba i-trunk, ukondla umuthi futhi uhlanganise umuthi we-apula.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo ze-Orlevsky Pioneer ze-apula ziphethe i-gm ye-Vm, ebangele ukumelana okuhle nezifo ze-fungal. Kodwa-ke, zikhona lezo zifo ezivela ngesiphambeko somuntu.
Lezi zihlanganisa:
Ukushisa amabhaktheriya
Lesi sifo senziwa ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele kwe-apula. Isilinganiso esiyinhloko sokuzivikela singukungasebenzi kahle. Ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo, inhlabathi edingekayo ingasebenzi ngekhambi le-copper sulphate.
Uma umuthi we-apula usuvele uhlaselwe isifo, isisindo sokulawula esiyinhloko ukwelashwa nomuthi we-Hom.
Umdlavuza omnyama
Ivela ngenxa yehla lokushisa elibukhali noma ukunakekelwa okungafanele. Izindlela zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukufakwa kwamakhomikhali e-potash nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane.
Uma lesi sihlahla singenakusindiswa, kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha awonakele, ukukhipha amagciwane kanye nokuphulukisa amanxeba.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthola izinambuzane ku-apula, ngoba kunzima ukubhekana nazo.
Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokulwa nama-parasites:
- I-aphid eluhlaza. Ukuze unqobe ama-aphid ku-apula, kubalulekile ukucubungula isihlahla ngesisombululo sensipho.
- Listoblashka. Uma kwenzeka ukuhlasela kwalesi sinambuzane, umuthi we-apula kufanele uchithezwe ngesisombululo seCarbofos.
- Apple moth. Iphikisana kahle nenundu kwisixazululo se-apple-tree karbofos.
- Listovertka. Enye yezinyathelo zokulawula eziphumelela kakhulu iphilisa i-apula ngesixazululo se-nitrofen.
- I-Codling moth. Ukubulala le nkathazo, ukuphathwa kwe-apple isixazululo se-chlorophos siphelele.
Ukufingqa, kungaphetha ngokuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Orlovsky Pioneer aple ngokuvamile zikhethwa ukukhula emakhaya. Kungenxa yalezi zimfanelo ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zisanda kudumile phakathi kwabalimi bezimboni.
Ukubukeka kwabo okuhle nokunambitheka okujabulisayo ngeke kushiye noma ubani ongenandaba.
