Ukungathobeki ekunakekelweni futhi kubekezelela ngokugcwele izinhlobo zasebusika zaseRussia eziphakathi kweRockned pear

Igama elihle lomama okuthiwa u-Rogned luthiwa yi-dessert ezihlukahlukene zamapheya ezithandwa kakhulu emasimini aseMoscow.

Bambalwa abantu ababazi ukuthi kwakuyiziphi izinhlekelele zenganekazi encane yakwaPolattsk uRorneda, owawela emagcekeni okugcoba kwezombusazwe ezombusazwe. Akubanga ngengozi ukuthi lesi sakhiwo saba yisisekelo se-opera ye-opera yegama elifanayo ngu-A. Serov.

Kodwa izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear azifani nendimu yomlando - zavela enhle kakhulu, ezihlwabusayo futhi ezimnandi, njengentombazane enemibala ekhanyayo ehlobo.

I-Rogned Pear - incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, isithombe sezithelo, ukubuyekezwa kanye nezincomo zabalimi kamuva esihlokweni.

Umlando wokuzala

Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi eziphakathi kwe-pear, i-hybrid yadalwa ngenhloso njengobusika obunqanyelwe Central, North-West naseVolga-Vyatka esifundeni e-Agricultural Agricultural Academy. K.A. Timiryazeva.

Kusukela ngo-1987, ubelokhu evivinywa icala, futhi ngonyaka ka-2001 wafakwa ngempumelelo kwiRejista Yombuso futhi wakhuthazwa ezindadini zasekhaya nasemasimini asezimboni, futhi njengezinto ezithembisayo zokuzalanisa.

Isigadi esivumelekile phakathi kwe-pomologov - UGennady Petrovich Rylov (umdali wezwe lokuqala ezweni lethu elihlukahlukene) ufanelekile lokhu kuhlukahluka kwamapheya njenge enye engcono kakhulu eRussia ephakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi yezici ezizuzwe njengefa.

Futhi okuyinhloko high hardiness ubusika, ebonakala esizukulwaneni sesithathu kusuka ku-pearl ka-Ussuri nezinhlobo zokukhethwa kwabantu eziye zathatha izimpande enyakatho yesifunda saseLeningrad - i-yellow Finnish.

Ubumnandi obusika obubusika buboniswa futhi: i-Orlovskaya Beauty, enkumbulweni kaZhegalov, uLyubimitsa Yakovleva, u-Talgar ubuhle noTyoma.

Kuye endaweni yokulima lapho ihlwanyelwe khona, abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene be-Rognedu bazibeka njengabo:

• ngasekupheleni kwehlobo;
• ekwindla zakuqala;
• ekwindla.

Ukunambitheka kwakhe kubhekwa "Rognedu" ukuze uthole izinhlobo ze-dessert, nokuhambisana kahle ne-quince (i-Ba-29) kwenza inqubo yokugcwalisa izivande zasendlini ngomsebenzi onokwenzeka, ngisho nangomhlali ohlala ehlobo.

Inokwethenjelwa kakhulu ngokusinda kukhona izithombo kuze kube neminyaka emibili ubudala: uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande alulimazi uma luvuna ezindaweni zokudlela futhi kulula ukuvumelanisa nendawo entsha.

Izimpawu ze-Hereditary

Iziphi izici zefa "Rogneda" ezithathwa njenge-GPRylov njengezinzuzo?

Okokuqala:

• frost ukumelana kanye ukuvimbelwa frost;
• ukumelana okunzima ezinhlobonhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo zeRosaceae;
• ukuqala kokungenelela ku-fruiting (ngomnyaka wesithathu);
• ukunambitheka kwasekuqaleni ngamanothi we-nutmeg;
• isivuno esikhulu (50 kg umuthi ngamunye);
• ukukhangisa kwempahla kanye nokugcina okuhle kwezithelo (kuze kube yizinyanga ezimbili ekushiseni okuphansi);
• Izidingo eziphansi emlandweni wezolimo;
• ukuzalisa amathemba.

Ukuzidela kungase futhi kuqhayise: Bere Russkaya, Silent Don, Fairy Tale, Svarog and Larinskaya.

Kusukela kumzali waseYurophu "Rogneda" izithelo ezizuzwe njengefa lapho zivuthiwe. Futhi ohlelweni lokuhlunga izivivinyo lwembula enye imfanelo ezuzwe njengefa: ukungahleleki kwemifino.

I-pedigree ye-hybrid entsha

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Rogned pear, incazelo kanye nesithombe sayo esizoba ngaphansi, sidalwe ngokudlula izinhlobo ezikhona ngezigaba eziningana ngokuvota impova. Eyokuqala, ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, yavela ekamelweni lase-Khabarovsk izinhlobo zokuqala ezikwindlalelo zakuqala - "Tyoma".

Waba nokukhuthazela kwemoya Ussuri pear kanye ne-Baltic hybrid yokukhethwa kukazwelonke - "Isiphuzi saseFinland". Ngokuhambisana nayo, izinhlobo zezingane ezingaphezulu ezingu-3 ezinezici ezifanayo zenziwe: "Izinsimu", "Olga" no "Lida".

Yonke inhlamvu entsha yayinokuqala (i-apple-like) ezungeze izitheloemva kwalokho konke okwenziwa ngamapheya okwakuqala ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili (ngesimo sezithelo):

• nxazonke ("lukashovki" - negama lomfuyi);
• bhala (igama elidala lesiRashiya lamapheya, elibolekwe olimini olukhulunywa ngesiPolish).

Ngakho, omunye wabazali bakaRogneda wafakazelwa eminyakeni edlule. "Lukashov"-" Tyoma ".

Wanikela ku-hybrid entsha:

• ukuma kwesithelo;
• ikhono lokukhula nokuthela izithelo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yezwe laseYurophu yezwe, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Esifundazweni sase-Amur sikhula ngesimo se-stanza, okuyinto elula kakhulu phakathi nobusika obude beqhwa;
• impilo enwetshiwe;
• ukuthengiswa okukhulu kwezithelo;
• ikhono lokubonakalisa phakathi nenkathi yezimbali zokuzitshela (njengendlela yokukhetha).

Umzali wesibili kaRogneda kwakungu-I.V. Michurin okuthandayo ukukhiqiza izinto - ezihlukahlukene zaseBelgium. "Ubuhle behlathi", enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 ezixhasayo kanye nesilinganiso esihle kakhulu sezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo.

Izinhlobonhlobo eziveziwe zaseYurophu zanikeza i-hybrid entsha:

• izithelo eziphakeme iminyaka engu-15-20 yobudala bokuzala;
• izimfanelo zabathengi ezivelele;
• ukuhlaziywa kokubunjwa kwenhlabathi kanye nezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical;
• ukubekezelelana kwesomiso;
• ubusika obunzima;
• ukuqina.

Incazelo ehlukahlukene ene-Rogned

1. Ngokusekelwe ezinchasweni ezintathu zokukhula kwezithelo, ukuhlukahluka kunamathuba amaningi ibhekisela enamandla aphakathii.e. ukukhula kwakhe ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-10. Isakhiwo somuthi sijwayelekile.

   I-Crohn ijikelezile, ngezinye izikhathi i-pyramidal, kodwa ayibukhulu, ngenxa yobuningi bokukhula okunciphise amahlumela amancane. I-trunk namagatsha emasipha kukhona ama-gray-brown, abushelelezi.

2. Amahlumela amancane anombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onobukhulu obukhulu, aphihliwe kancane, ashicilela kancane emaphethelweni. Ukulimala kunikeza ikolishi encane.
3. Lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa ngokufihlelwa kwezitshalo nokukhiqiza ngokuhlukahluka kokubukeka okwenziwe nobukhulu. Owokuqala ubeka ikhava elihlaza emthini, okwesibili - izimbali ezizimele noma ezizimele.
4. Izinhlobonhlobo "Rogneda" ezichazwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene njengoba zivuthwa futhi zidinga impova. I-Flower self-fertility incike ekuphakameni kwama-stamens kanye nekhono labo lokuvota impova. Ubuningi be-pollen kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwamalungu wesilisa embali yindlela yokuzibulala.

   Amapheya "Inkumbulo ka-Anzin" ne "Chizhovskaya" yizinhlobonhlobo ezinconywayo ezithinta izimbali zezimbali zaseRogneda - ngokuvamile ziqashelwa ukurekhoda-ukuqeda ubumnandi bebusika obunemvelaphi evamile ekuzaleni ama-laboratories eMoscow Agricultural Academy. K.A. Timiryazeva.

   Ukuze uthole izinhlobo eziningana ze-"Rogned" ozikhulayo futhi uyimpova edingekayo.

   Kubalulekile: Ukusebenza kahle kokukhulelwa kwe-ovary, izidakamizwa kufanele zibe nesikhathi esifanayo sesigaba sokuqhakaza njenge-hybrid yempova. Abalimi bezitshalo batusa isiqinisekiso esiphelele sokuba nesayithi kuze kufike ku-3 izinhlobo zamapheya ezihlukile ngokuvuthwa.

• Amaqabunga aphakathi kwamaparele - aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwesibhakabhaka, okuphakathi, okwakhiwa amaqanda; ihlanganiswe phakathi nonyaka; umphetho ongenqatshelwe; qinisa ukuphakama kwesilinganiso se-petiole.
• Izithelo zincane, nxazonke (kufika ku-120 gr.)Banekhanda elikhanyayo elikhanyayo, kunalokho likhulu, kodwa lilula kalula. Umbala wesithelo uyinkimbinkimbi: okwesibhakabhaka-ophuzi nge-blurred blush ebonakala ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.

  Amachashazi amnyama amnyama afakazela isembozo sesithelo. Amaseli we-Stones ayabonakali kakhulu uma ahlafuna.

  Inyama iyinanzi enamanzi, enamafutha, ekhanyayo, iqukethe inani elikhulu le-fibre, ushukela (7.5%) kanye nenani elincane elincane lama-acids (0.1%), okwenza isithelo sibe mnandi kakhulu.

  Amapheya alolu klasi afanayo amanothi okukhanya we-nutmegokuyinto ebapha iphunga elilodwa lama-congeners aseNingizimu. Dessert Izithelo zamanani zilinganiswa emazingeni angu-4.1 esilinganisweni sokunambitha.

• Umuthi ungena esigabeni sokuzala ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila.
• Izithelo kuze kube yiminyaka engu-20 ngaphandle kokujwayelekile okujwayelekile.
• Ukukhiqizwa ngeminyaka ngeminyaka kuyashintsha, ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelela ku-100 kg ngomuthi ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni evelele kakhulu ngisho kunconywa ukususa kufika ku-50% wama-ovari emva kokuwa kwemvelo.

Izinhlobo eziphakathi kwezokwehlukanisa nazo zihlukaniswa yizivuno eziphezulu: Tonkovetka, Sverdlovchanka, Samara Beauty, Bere Bosk neTatiana.

• Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti noma iminyaka eyishumi (izinsuku eziqondile zixhomeke esifundeni sokulima, lapho kuhloswe khona ukuhlukahluka kwehlobo, ekwindla ekuqaleni noma ekwindla).
• Izinhlobonhlobo zinefa ukuthambekela kokuwaNgakho-ke, ukuvuna kuyadingeka kuze kufike ukuvuthwa okuphelele komthengi. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zigcinwa ngeviki eli-1 ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile futhi Izinyanga ezimbili - ezimweni zegumbi lokuqhathanisa.
• Amapheya alezi zinhlobonhlobo ayathinteka kakhulu yizifo ezifayo, kubonisa ukumelana nokukhanda nokukhwaba okumpunga.
• Ubusika obukhulu ngesikhathi sokuvivinywa kuqinisekisiwe hardiness ubusika obukhulu "Rognedy".

Kubalulekile: I-pear ayizithobeki, ngisho nenhlabathi enamandla yobumba noma ama-sandstone angayifaneleka, into eyinhloko ukuphakela isitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Isithombe

Izici zokukhula

1. Iphakathi kwe-Pear ayibekezelelani ukuguquka. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuthola indawo eyodwa efanele engadini. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu yephethini elithisa ukushisa ngokuvamile kuvunywa elangeni elisezantsi eliseningizimu eduze nezindonga zezakhiwo.

   I-Hardy "Rogned" inomuzwa omuhle futhi enhlangothini esenyakatho-ntshonalanga noma enyakatho yesayithi, into eyinhloko ukuthi iqhwa lasekuqaleni elimboze lesi sitshalo kuze kube semswakaleni akuzange kube yixhaphozi elimile ngenkathi kucibilika (i-pear ayithandi umswakama omile).

   Ukungcola okuphansi kwekhava leqhwa kuzolondoloza i-pear ekushiseni kwelanga okusongela izihlahla zezithelo ngasekupheleni kwebusika. Ngokufanele, kuzomenzela. ingxenye ephakeme yensimu, ivikelwe emimoyeni evamile.

2. Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala ipeyari kufana nezici zokutshala i-apula:
   
   • ubukhulu obufanayo bomgodi (ububanzi buka 50cm, ukujula - 0.7m);
   • ukutshala isithombo emgqeni wenhlabathi kanye ne-humus;
   • isiqiniseko ohlangothini olusenyakatho;
   • ukutshala ngokunemba okwenziwe isikhundla se-collar yezimpande (5 cm ngaphezu komphetho womgodi);
   • ukwakheka kombuthano wezimpande;
   • ukuchelela;
   • i-mulching ne-peat.

   Ithiphu: Ukondla njalo izithombo kuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokungena kwesigaba se-fruiting (emva kweminyaka engu-2-3).

3. Kule pear, zonke izingxenye ezine ze-agro-complex of events ziphoqelekile:
   • ukuphuza (kuze kube izikhathi ezinhlanu ngenyanga ibhakede ekuseni nakusihlwa); okubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza ngesikhathi sokuvuna izithelo nokubeka iziqu zokuvuna esikhathini esizayo; inani lomswakama lilungiswa izimo zezulu, ukusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwamahlumela amancane;
   • ukunciphisa: lapho ufika - ngo-1/3; ngonyaka ngaphambi kokudalulwa kwezinso; ukusika izihlahla zamanga; ukunciphisa ukuze ushiye amahlumela aqinile;

   Kubalulekile: Nganoma iziphi izihlahla ngeke zidlule ¼ ubukhulu bazo zonke amagatsha!

   • ukugqoka okuphezulu (urea, i-ammonium nitrate, i-superphosphate, i-phosphate rock, i-potassium chloride, i-potassium sulfate, i-wood ash, i-ammophos, i-nitroammofoska) isilinganiso somuthi ngesikhathi sokunconywa komjikelezo wesitshalo;
   • sishaye njengendlela yokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali yezidakamizwa nezinambuzane, kwenziwa ngosizo lwezilwanyana ezibulala izidakamizwa kanye nama-fungicides, kanye nezixazululo zabantu (infusions, solutions, etc.).
4. Umqhele we-peyre ukwandiswa njalo ngonyaka ngo-40 cm, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngekusasa lamagatsha awo lapho utshala isihlahla. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubeka indawo yokudlela ye "Rogneda" amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye engadini. Futhi uma utshala izihlahla ngokulandelana, ke Isikhathi sokuya esihlahleni esiseduze kumele sibe ngamamitha angu-4-5.

I-Pear "Rogned" ayinzima, njengoba ubona, impilo yakho, kodwa izohlobisa ingadi futhi izojabulisa indlu. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingenakuzenzela nazo kufanelekile ukunaka izinhlobo: Krasnobakaya, Hera, Cathedral, Krasulia naseLada.