Izinkukhu zihlukaniswe zaba izinhlobo ezihlukile komunye nomunye ezindaweni ezizisebenzisayo umuntu emisebenzini yazo. Uhlobo luhlobo oluthile lwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zezinkukhu, isibonelo, zinezimfanelo ezikhethekile ezibalulekile izidingo zomkhaya. Izinhlobo ze-Yaytsenoskie ziyadalwa ukuze zithole amaqanda, izinyoni zezinyama zenyama ziphethe amaqanda ambalwa, kodwa zinomzimba othakazelisayo, futhi zivela emzimbeni wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezikhiqiza inyama namaqanda.
Izikhulu zePoltava izinkukhu zasebenza imibukiso eboniswa emzini wasePoltava kakade ngo-1895futhi kusukela ngo-1928 kuya ku-1929. Izinkukhu ze-Poltava zithole ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okungenasiphelo ngalesi sikhathi: amaqanda ayi-100 ungqimba ngamunye.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkukhu endaweni yezimboni kwaholela ekunciphiseni kwenani kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu zasemakhaya.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kulondolozwe izinhlobo zomdabu, izinkukhu zendawo zalethwa ezifundeni zaseKarlovsky naseMirgorod esifundeni sasePoltava baya epulazini laseBorka, lapho baqala khona ukwenza imisebenzi ehlosiwe. Futhi kakade ngemva kuka-1953, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziye zathola izinhlobo ezintathu zalolu hlobo ngombala wezintambo zabo: ubumba, abamnyama ne-zozulist.
Umsuka nokuhluka
I-Poltava emnyama ekuqaleni wayehlala esifundeni saseLubensky esifundeni sasePoltava.
Kodwa-ke, kuze kube yimanje, abameleli balo mhlobo sebephelile, kodwa ososayensi basebenza ngokuvuselela.
Poltava zozulistaya (i-cuckoo) ukuzalwa kwezinkukhu, ezavela cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nesikhathi esedlule, nazo zibhekwa njengeziphelile.
Njengamanje, ezinkukhuleni zezinkukhu ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kwabantu ngokudla, kuphela Inyoni yase-Poltava. Lolu hlobo lwezinkukhu luyiqembu lendawo lezinkukhu zehlathi elisemaphandleni ase-Ukraine.
Lolu hlobo lwezinkukhu lukholelwa ukuthi luvela ekhulwini le-XIX. eRomensky esifundazweni sasePoltava. Wadalwa ngokunqamula izinkukhu ezizizwe zakwa-Aboriginal ezingeniswe ngasekupheleni kwe-XIX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX. izinhlobo zezinkukhu, ezifana ne-orpingtons ye-fawn, i-new hampshire, i-wyandot nabanye.
Ngonyaka ka-2007, ngokuya kwe-Ministry of Agrarian Policy, i-poltava yobumba be-hens babhaliswa ngokusemthethweni njenge-egg bearing and meat breed.
Incazelo yesibeletho i-Poltava Clay
Izinkukhu zokugaya zinomkhuhlane okhanyayo omnyama ophuzi obomvu nombala omnyama wemikhawulo ye-contour swing kanye nempaphe ye-contour.
Ikhanda elilinganiselwe elinama-crystals phezu kwembulunga, ukukhanya okumnyama okubomvu, okumnyama okumnyama ekugcineni, amehlo aphuzi noma i-orange, obomvu ngombane omhlophe we-lobe, intamo elukhuni, umzimba ovalwe ngamaphiko ohlangene nomzimba, ovezwe phambi kwesifuba nomane othuthukile kakhulu .
Imigqa yimibala ephuzi noma ephuzi yobude obude, ehlukaniswe komunye nomunye, engaxhunyiwe, e-prototype tibia. Umsila othuthukile udala i-angle obtuse ne-trunk.
Indoda ingabonakala ngamaphiko amnyama aphuzi, amaphiko egolide entanyeni, i-rose-like noma amaqabunga afana neqabunga ngamazinyo amahlanu avamile, namacici amakhulu abomvu kanye nobumnyama obugcwele nomthunzi ohlaza okwesitshalo nomsila, kanye nombono obalulekile.
Izici kanye nezici zokulima
Umkhiqizo wezinkukhu u-80-83%.
Ngenxa yesimiso esithuthukisiwe sokukhukhumeza, i-age lapho iqanda lokuqala libekwe khona yizinsuku ezingu-140-150. Ubuningi bama-roosters buba ngu-3.2 kg, izinkukhu - 2.1 kg. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kufinyelela kuma-160 - 217 (!) Amaqanda ngonyaka, futhi abahlukumezi bamanje ngabanye babonisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda emaqanda angu-290 ngonyaka.
Isisindo seqanda elilodwa lihluka ngaphakathi kusuka ku-55 kuya ku-58 g. Igobolondo linombala ngoba izinyoni zalolu hlobo ziyiziphathamandla zegenegende legolide, eliphinde libeke umbala we-feather. Ukuhlolwa kwamaqanda alezi zinhlobo zezinkukhu, okwenziwe ngo-1982, kwabonisa izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lamaprotheni kanye nobukhulu obuningi begobolondo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwenyama kufinyelela kuma-52%, amathambo - 10.7%; inyama ine-ukunambitheka okumnandi kanye ne-juiciness ngenxa yezingqimba ezincane zamafutha phakathi kwezimpande ze-muscle.
Izinkukhu zalesi sizwe zinamandla amakhulu.
Emuva ngo-1970. U-Stolyarenko nabasebenza nabo babona ukuthi imibungu yezinkukhu zasePoltava ziphikisana kakhulu negciwane le-Rous sarcoma uma kuqhathaniswa nemibungu yezinye izinhlobo ezifuyiwe, futhi ukumelana ne-neoplasm kwaba ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezine eziphakeme kunezinye izinhlobo, izikhathi.
Izinyoni azizithobeki, zivumelane kalula nezimo zokuzala, unomuntu ozolile, kodwa izinkukhu ziyesaba amakhaza. Yidla njenganoma iyiphi ifolda, nokuphakelayo okuhlangene. Zilungiselelwe ukuzalanisa phansi kanye nokulima emasethweni ahlomile ezinhlobonhlobo, kufaka phakathi ama-incubators wokusabalalisa okufakelwayo.
Kunezincomo eziningi ezijwayelekile zokulondeka kwezinkukhu. Ukuze ukhiqize ngaphandle ngenkukhu yenkukhu, okungcono kakhulu ngabanye. ubeke embhedeni wokhuni, izinkuni ze-sawdust noma i-peat eyomile, okumele iguqulwe ukuze igweme ukuqoqwa kwezifo ezifuywayo kuyo.
Okuthandayo kumele kunikezwe okwakamuva, njengoba i-peat ithinta umswakama kusuka ezinkukhu ezinkukhu, okuvimbela ukusabalala kwemakhaza, futhi kusiza ukungaphuli amaqanda adiliziwe.
Uma uzalisa ngeziqukathi ezikhethekile, udoti aludingeki, kodwa phansi emgodini kungcono ukwenziwa ngamaselula, ukuze indle iwele emathreyini futhi ingafaki izinyoni. Kungcono ukugcina umgogodla ekukhanyeni nasekude ukuze izinyoni zingadabu kuwo. Ngenhloso yokushisa, izibani ezingu-3-4 kufanele zifakwe emgodini.
Izinyoni zidinga ukuhamba. Kodwa-ke, uma uzalana ngaphandle kokuzalana, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinkukhu kumele zidle, ngaphezu kwembewu kanye nokhula, futhi namatshe okugcoba i-chyme.
Kudingeka ukondle izinyoni ngesikhathi sasebusika kabili ngosuku, futhi phakathi nosuku ukukhonza ukudla okunethezeka (isibonelo, ibhu, igcwele amanzi, imifino, inyama), kusihlwa - okusanhlamvu; ehlobo kwanele ukondla kanye, zonke izinyoni zizozisebenzisa uma zihamba.
Mayelana nokuqukethwe kwezinkukhu zase-Poltava zobumba, bathanda kakhulu ukudla okuvela emzimbeni nasemanzini. Ngenxa yokukhula kwesitoreji esincane sosuku olulodwa, umbuso wokukhanya okuzungeze-clock ufaneleka kakhulu, ngokunciphisa kancane kancane emahoreni angu-9 emavikini ayisishiyagalolunye ubudala kuze kube yinyoni emavikini angu-18 ubudala.
Lapho uneminyaka engama-7 amasonto okudla kufanele abe nekhalori ephezulu kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaphrotheni (20%). Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukusebenza okwanele kwesistimu yokuzalanisa ukutholakala ngokugcwele kwezakhi zofuzo ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Izinyoni ezinamaviki angu-7 ubudala nangaphezulu zidla ukondla ukudla nge-protein encane (14%). Ngenxa yalokhu, izinkukhu zifinyelela isisindo esiphezulu nokukhulelwa.
Kubalulekile ukugwema ukwandisa isisindo senyoni, njengoba lokhu kuholele ekukhulupheni. Uma ukhulile amabhethri, kokubili embonini nasekusithekeni, abesilisa bafakwa kuqala emgodini, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 abesifazane bayiswa kubo. Isilinganiso socansi emphakathini kufanele sibe yi-1: 8 (kunezinkukhu ezingu-8 ze-rooster eyodwa).
Manje izinkukhu zalolu hlobo zigcinwa kuphela eziqhingini ezizimele noma kubaqoqi ukuze kulondolozwe i-gene pool. ERussia, ngeshwa, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ipulazi lezinkukhu elizalayo. Ungathenga inyoni kuphela e-Ukraine noma kumuntu oyimfihlo.
Analogs
Abamele lezi zinhlobonhlobo bangashintshwa yizinkukhu zezinyosi zokukhiqiza ezinjalo ezinjengomhlophe weLeggorn kanye nomhlophe waseRashiya.
I-white leggorn ngokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, yizona ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezikhiqiza inkukhu yasekhaya.
Abantu banokuzithoba, ukukhuthazela, ukukhula okusheshayo kwentsha. I-egg laying iqala ezinyangeni ezingu-4.5-5. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kufinyelela emaqanda ama-300 ngonyaka. Isisindo se-egg 55-58 g
Umhlophe waseRussia futhi engathobekile ezimweni zangaphandle. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ngonyaka wokuqala kufinyelela kumaqanda angu 200-230 enqwaba yamaqanda ka 55-56 g.
Eminyakeni elandelayo, inani lamaqanda elibekiwe liyancishiswa ngo-10-20%, kodwa isisindo seqanda ngalinye liyakhula kuya kuma-60 g. Izinkukhu ziqala ukubeka amaqanda izinyanga ezinhlanu.
Akuwona wonke umuntu owazi imithetho yokunakekela i-orchid ekhaya. Lolu lwazi lungasiza ekugwemeni amaphutha alula.Ngakho-ke, cishe umlando omude weminyaka eminingi yokwakhiwa kwedwala laseDoltava, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe zokukhethwa ezivela ezizweni zasemakhaya ezinamahlumela aphansi ezomnotho, le nyoni yaguqulwa yaba uhlobo olukhiqizwa ngamaqanda, ukunambitheka komzimba omuhle, ubunzima nokumelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Imiphumela ephumelelayo yokukhethwa kwamakhemikhali ingenzeka kuphela emapulazini amakhulu noma emapulazini enkukhu kanye nokubandakanyeka kwabasosayensi.
