Mhlawumbe, abadali balolu hlobo lwama-apula, bebona ubuhle bokukhanya okukhanya, benokubonakaliswa okucacile kwesithelo sezinto eziphilayo zesimo somuthi, abaqamba ngokuthi udumo loNkulunkulu onkulunkulu wesiGreki.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kungaba ngcono ukumnika igama elithi "Dryad" - ngokuhlonishwa kwe-nymph yamahlathi nemithi, kodwa ngo-2002 wangena kwiRejista Yombuso ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Nymph".
Umlando wokuzala
Ukuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha, njengokuzalwa kwamaqhawe engqungquthela, kwakuhambisana nenkinga enzima. Bayidalile I-Zonal Research Institute Yokulima E-North Caucasus, besebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali nokwenza izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezaziwa - uRennet Simirenko 17-36 no-Kuban.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa, izitshalo zathinteka izici zomsakazo (ama-ultraviolet, amakhemikhali, impova eqhelile), bese kubhekwa izibonelo ezikhiqizayo kakhulu. Le ndlela iye yakhashisa inqubo yokukhetha izimfanelo ezikhethwayo:
- kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo uRenet Simirenko 17-36 - ukungena kwangena esigabeni sokuzala, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-fruiting, ubukhulu bezithelo, "amandla" abo okuhle, ukubekezela komlambo;
- kusuka ku-Kuban ezihlukahlukene-isivuno esiphezulu, ukuhlanganiswa komqhele, ubungqabavu bezithelo, isethulo, izinga lokuphila okungcono ezindaweni ezihlala eNyakatho Caucasus naseningizimu yeRussia.
Izidalwa ezidalwe zikwazi ukufaka lokho abazali bakhe abasengozini - ukungena emkhunjini nase-scab. Noma kunjalo, umthetho wezolimo uye wasebenza: "izingane" uma ziqhathaniswa "nabazali" njalo zinikeza isivuno sokuqala.
I-Nymph ehlukahlukene yayikhiqiza kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu futhi, ikakhulukazi, izivande zasemuva.
Insimu encane yokujikeleza iyatholakala nabalimi.
Umqondo wensimu encane yomjikelezo wasungulwa ukutshala izimboni zezihlahla zezithelo ukuze kuqiniswe izinqubo ze-agrotechnical. Zibonakaliswe kahle ezindaweni eziseningizimu zezwe futhi zanconywa ukuba zifake izilimo kanye nokulima kwangasese. Isimo esiyinhloko yi-surface engenawo yonke indawo engadini.
Okushiwo yile ndlela yezithelo ezikhulayo ukudala ukutshala okugxilile - "udonga lwezithelo" iminyaka engu-10-12. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinhlobo eziqala ukulimala iminyaka engu-1-2, ziqeda ngokuphelele ukukhiqiza kwazo.
Imiqhele yemithi ikhula, ihamba phakathi, iyanciphisa ukutholakala kokukhanya emagatsheni angaphakathi, iphela ukuthela izithelo. Insimu ivaliwe. Phuma ngaphandle. Bashiya ngaphansi kwe-steam, noma batshale izitshalo zasendlini kule ndawo, futhi eminyakeni engama-2-3 batshala izithombo ezintsha.
Usizo: Ubudonga bezithelo akufanele bube ngaphezu kwemitha eyi-1.5 bese kudlula ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili. Kulesi simo, izinga lokulima ingahle lenziwe kahle.
I-Nymph ehlukahlukene, njengenoma yimuphi omunye, ithembisa kakhulu izdidi zalolu hlobo.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zeNyph
- I-Nymph ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika zasebusika sekwephuzile. Indawo yaseningizimu yeRussia neCaucasus ayidingi ukuqina okukhulu kwebusika kanye nokuvuthwa kokuqala. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivumelanisa kahle ezindaweni ezise-steppe nasehlathini, ezihambisana ngqo nekhwalithi yenhlabathi.
- Ibanga lokuhluma liqala ekuseni. Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, usekulungele ukunikeza abantu abangamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye ehektheleni, kanye nenani lokuzala - abangaphezu kwamakhulu angu-400 ehektheleni.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zinekhwalithi evamile kakhulu phakathi kwezihlahla zama-apula - ukuzithiba. Ukukhiqizwa kwalo kufinyelela emkhiqizweni ophezulu kakhulu uma ngabe izitshalo ezilandelayo zezihlahla zitshalwe: Prikubanskoe, Aydored, Peach, Kuban Spur, Zarnitsa noma Korey. Ukuxhumana okunjalo nama-pollinator kumele kusekelwe ku:
- imigomo evamile yezimbali nezimbali:
- izici ezithile zesifunda;
- ukungahambi kahle kwezindawo zokuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi.
- Ukuvuna ama-apula eNymph kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba (ngaphambi komkhosi we-Intercession). Ikhwalithi ewusizo yesikhathi eside "isibalo" (kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo), ngoba ukuvuthwa kwabathengi kuza kamuva. Akukho ukulahlekelwa kwengxenye yesitshalo ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ukuhamba nge-apula ukubekezela.
- I-apula i-Nymph ine-presentation enhle kakhulu, ehambisana ne-95% yenani eliphelele lezithelo ezisusiwe.
- Ukuphumelela komsebenzi wokukhetha kungukuzivikela kwezifo ezihlukahlukene ezifweni ezifayo.
Kubalulekile: Izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha azilondolozi izici ezitholakalayo, ngakho-ke angeke zande ngambewu. Ngalolu daba, ukukhishwa kwe-cloning kusetshenziselwa - ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ngokuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuhlunga izinhlanzi.
- Ama-apula amakhulu futhi amahle uNyph - isitolo sokugcina samavithamini amasha. Ziyaboniswa ukuze zisetshenziswe ngabantu ababhekene nezifo eziphathelene nokuxilonga umzimba. Efomu elicutshungulwayo, bafika kumthengi ngesimo samajusi, amajamu, ukudla kwezingane, iwayini lesithelo, i-jelly ne-marmalade.
KuNastya, Ubumnandi beBusika, Ekukhunjweni kwempi, u-Orlik no-Aromatny nabo bangobunye bezinhlobo zasebusika.
Isithombe
Qaphela ngokucacile ukuhlukahluka kwama-apula ama-Nymphs angaba esithombeni esingezansi:
Izici
Imisebenzi yokubeletha yayilinganisa izici zokuziphatha zabazali ", okwenza umuthi ube mfushane kunokuphakathi. UCrohn ugcwele, ngamagatsha aphakanyisiwe. Ubuso buqhamuka esikhathini esingaphezu kwesilinganiso somqhele, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unqume ibanga eliphakathi kwamagquma ngenkathi utshala.
Amagxolo anombala ociki-grey, ubushelelezi. Amagatsha omyalelo wesithathu anombala. Amahlumela aqondile futhi anzima. Ngonyaka odlule - silungele ukuhluma.
Phakathi nendawo yamahlumela omhlophe asempumalanga avela emaqabunga amakhulu e-ovals of pubescence amancane. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ziphenduka izimbali ezinkulu eziphekiwe ezinamafutha aluhlaza.
Amaqabunga ama-ocher-aluhlaza anamaqenqemeni ahlambulukile kanye nombuso obomile. Leli qabunga, njengombuso, liqondiswa phezulu, alinayo i-pubescence, liqhubeka ne-scape elifushane.
Ukukhanga okukhulu kwe-apula - isithelo. Ama-apula anesayizi esiqinile (isisindo kufika ku-300g). Isikhumba esiluhlaza esikhwameni esiluhlaza esihlangene sithinteka ngokugqamile okubomvu okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kuvela amabala amakhulu amhlophe, njengezihlobo ezihlukahlukene zomzali uSimirenko.
I-Winter Winter, i-Orlovim, i-Orlovsky iphayona, izinhlobo ze-Orlovsky ezinemibala kanye ne-Orlinka nazo zingaziqhayisa ngezithelo ezinkulu.
Ukumboza okuqinile kwe-wax endaweni ebanzi kakhulu kubonisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zasebusika. Ikhwalithi yabathengi ye-apula ithuthukisa i-pulp enamakha enomsoco, ukunambitheka kucebile-okumnandi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kule mikhumbi iphunga elimnandi kanye nokukhanya kwendlala kuyanda.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izinzuzo ezicacile ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa:
- ukuvumelanisa kwemvelo;
- ukulungele kusenesikhathi kwe-fruiting;
- ukuvikeleka kwezifo, kokubili ngesikhathi sokukhula nangesikhathi sokugcina;
- ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele;
- khetha ukugqoka izingubo;
- impilo ende ende;
- ukuphatheka kokuthutha;
- inani lokudla.
Kunomphumela owodwa kuphela, kodwa futhi siwuqeda: ukungakwazi ukuzitholela impova.
Kubalulekile: Nakekela umuthi we-pollinator endaweni engamakhilomitha angu-2 (indawo yendiza yezinyosi ngesifumbathiso).
Izimfanelo ezifanayo zinezinhlobo ezilandelayo: Nastya, Narodnoe, Medunitsa, Starkrimson noMashi.
Ukufika
Azikho izidingo ezithile zokutshala ezihlukahlukene ezichazwe. Ngokuqondene nezinye izihlahla zama-apula, izinsuku zentsuku nezindlalelo zalo misebenzi zivumelekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umgodi ongaphansi kwe-sapling ungalungiselelwa kusukela ekwindla, ugcwalise ngemifuno ephilayo.
Impumelelo yokuhluma inhlansi ixhomeke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi: inzuzo ye-loams egcwele kahle. Ubuningi be-acid buyancipha ngokungezwa kwe-lime. Umthelela omubi wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuzosiza ekugwemeni ukutshala izihlahla zama-apula emigodini yokufakelwa, eqinile, izigxobo eziqhutshwa emhlabathini. Ngakho yenza futhi uthande umhlabathi oqinile.
Ukutshala umuthi omncane kungcono kude nezihlahla zakudala, futhi ngokuqinisekile hhayi esikhundleni se-raskorchevki. Noma yimuphi umuthi we-apula uthanda ilanga nokuvikelwa emoyeni onamandla, ngakho-ke kuyoba mnandi ngaye phezu kwe-hillock enelanga ngaphandle kodonga lwendlu.
Uma ufisa, ungathola izihlahla eziningana kusuka kumunye owodwa. Ngalokhu ngisebenzisa indlela yokukhiqiza ngokubeka. Izinyanga ezilungiselelwe zitshalwe ekwindla ngaphansi kokuthambekela, kanti entwasahlobo igobile phansi iphonswe phansi, ihlumela amahlumela. Isikhathi sonke sibheke ngokucophelela ama-cuttings ukuze sithande izimpande, kanti entwasahlobo esilandelayo ingahle ihlukaniswe futhi idluliselwe kwenye indawo.
Ithiphu: Qalisa ngokugcwele insimu yakho ngezinhlobo ezintsha zezihlahla ze-apula, ucabangela izici ezikhethekile zesifunda. Akukhona ngengozi ukuthi ibutho elikhulu labachwepheshe lisebenza ekuzaleni kwabo. Ngezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha, injabulo yezivuno eziphakeme kanye nokukhululeka kokukhathazeka okunciphisisiwe kuzofika engadini yakho.
Ukunakekela
Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwe-apula kuqukethe njalo, phakathi nonyaka okhulayo, imisebenzi:
- ukuchelela;
- ukunquma;
- umanyolo;
- ukuvimbela isifo;
- ukulungiselela isikhathi esibandayo.
Ukuchelela okuningi - okungenani izikhathi ezingu-5 ngonyaka ngamunye. Isikhathi ngasinye, kusetshenziselwa amabhakede angama-5 ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuze ukhiqize kahle, ukuchelela kulandelwa ukukhululeka ekujuleni kwe-20cm. Ukuziqhenya kungenziwa nge-hose engadini engxenyeni ehlelwe yindilinga ye-pristvolny, noma nge-sprinkler. Kulesi simo, amaqabunga nezithelo bahlanzwa ngothuli nezinambuzane.
Ukusika okulungile kuyindlela eqinisekile yokufinyelela isivuno esikhulu. Umgomo wakhe:
- ukunciphisa ukuphakama kwesihlahla, ukuze kube lula ukukhathalela nokuvuna;
- ukwandisa ukutholakala kwelanga ku-longlines ende;
- ukuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa ezifweni kanye nezinambuzane;
- ngcono ikhwalithi yezithelo kanye nesethulo sabo.
Kubalulekile: Ukudubula kwenziwa ngaphambi kokugeleza kwamanzi emthini. Isibonakaliso saso ukuvuvukala kwezinso.
Ngaphandle kokukhipha izihlahla, ukugcoba nokugcoba kusetshenzisiwe. Ukususa ngokuzenzakalelayo amahlumela aluhlaza okwehlisa umqhele kuthiwa u-pasynkovaniem. Lokhu kubhekisela phambili emzamweni wokwenza izihlahla okuzofanele kwenziwe lapho lezi zihlumela ziqina.
I-Pinning iphinde ibe yinto elula eyenziwa kuphela ngomunwe: i-tip yehlumela isusiwe ekuqaleni. Kamuva? Kuzodingeka sisebenzise i-pruner.
Ukugqoka okuyisisekelo kwe-Nymph ezihlukahlukene kwenziwa nge-mineral and fertilizer ehambisanayo ngokuhambisana nezincomo ezijwayelekile. Ngokwenza amafomu abo okumanzi noma ama-granular kukhona uhlelo oluthuthukile kanye ne-recipe ngokulingana. Kumele kulandelwe ngokuhambisana nezinkathi zonyaka zokuphila kwezitshalo.
I-Nymph ehlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokubeletha isivele ivikelekile ngokwanele ezifweni. Isinyathelo esiwusizo siyoba ukugcoka kwamhlophe ekwindla ngesitshalo sepayipi noma engadini. Kuzovikela isihlahla ekushiseni ilanga ngoFebhuwari-Mashi futhi kuvimbele ukukhwabanisa kwamagxolo, okwandisa amathuba okungena kwezinhlamvu ze-fungal nezinambuzane ngaphansi kwalo.
Kodwa-ke, ulwazi mayelana nezinambuzane ezivamile zezihlahla zezithelo ze-apula, njengezithelo zomuthi, imayini ye-apula, i-moth, i-hawthorn ne-silkworms, ingaba usizo kuwe.
Isikhathi esijabulisayo sokuvuna iNymph ehlukahlukene sizobekwa isikhathi sokuhambisana nomkhosi omkhulu we-Intercession. Emoyeni esomile esomile, ama-apula aqoqwe angahle ahlukaniswe emabhokisini ahlanzeke epholile.
Igama lokukhula kwabo abathengi ngeke lize maduze. Ngaleso sikhathi, izobe zigcinwe kakade ezindaweni zokuhlala eziphansi ngezinga lokushisa elihlala lingu-0 ° C. Futhi kuze kube ngoMeyi, labo abawakhulisa futhi bawazisa bazokwehla izithelo ezintsha.
