- Uhlobo: Lilac
- Isikhathi Sezimbali: Meyi, Juni, Julayi, Agasti, Septhemba, Okthoba
- Ukuphakama: 20-250cm
- Umbala: omhlophe, ophuzi, owolintshi, obomvu, onamabala, owamaphini amabili
- Okungenasisekelo
- Ubusika
- Ilanga elinothando
- Ukuthanda
Iminduze yase-Asiatic, yase -ularical, neyindilinga emide yathandana nabalimi ngenxa yokugqama okukhulu kwamagama abo anemibala egqamile nemvelo yokuzithoba. Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhulisa nokukhulisa lezi zitshalo ezinhle, kepha sizobheka kabanzi ukuthi iminduze itshalwa kanjani entwasahlobo emhlabathini. Ukuncoma okumbalwa okulula - futhi manje ikhaya lakho lokungcwaba lingcwatshwe efwini elimnyama nelibomvu elimnandi.
Yini enquma ukukhetha kwesikhathi sokufika?
Kunemibono eminingana maqondana nesikhathi sokutshala iminduze emhlabathini ovulekile. Isikhathi sokutshala kwendabuko ukwindla, noma kunalokho, yingxenye yayo yokuqala. Lokhu kungenxa yomjikelezo wemvelo wokukhula kwezitshalo: ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, isikhathi sokuqala (amasonto ambalwa kuphela) siqala, emva kwalokho ukukhula kwe-bulb kusebenze, izimpande zibekeke. Ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanye nemisebe yokuqala yelanga lentwasahlobo, kuvela ihlumela elinezimbali.
Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi, ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, abalimi bakhetha intwasahlobo yokuqala yokutshala. Izizathu zingaba yilutho kusuka ekusweleni isikhathi okulula kokucabanga ngezici ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile. Ake sithi nzalo yasempumalanga ikhula kahle, kanti izinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika azikwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima.
Cabanga ngezinzuzo zokubekwa kuka-Ephreli endaweni evulekile:
- ama-bulb awadingi ukungcwatshwa enhlabathini futhi afakwe ngokukhethekile, isiqandisi esifanelekile ukugcinwa;
- "ubusika" basekhaya buyasusa ukuqandusela nokuphanga, buqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphelele;
- ngokulungiselela kahle inhlabathi nama-bulbs, lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukuthuthukisa futhi siqhume ngesikhathi.
Kukhona nokubi okufanele ukukukhuluma. Isibonelo, kwezinye izinhlobo, uhlelo lwezimpande alunaso isikhathi sokukhula ngokuphelele, futhi izitshalo zikhona kuphela ngamandla we-bulb. Kuyacaca ukuthi akufanele ulindele ukukhula okufisayo noma ama-inflorescence amahle. Enye inkinuko engathandeki ukungabikho kweminduze "yasentwasahlobo" yezingane, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukuzala. Ngendlela, izilimo ezitshalwe ekwindla zinikeza izingane ezingaba ngu-10 ezinempilo.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingamaTubular azitholakali kalula ezifweni futhi zingamelana neqhwa, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi zikhule ngisho nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho
Uma ihlobo lifushane futhi libanda, ochwepheshe batusa ukwenqaba ukutshala kwentwasahlobo - iminduze ingaqhakaza kuphela ngonyaka olandelayo. Kulesi simo, kunengqondo ukubatshala ngo-Okthoba: //diz-cafe.com/ozelenenie/posadka-lukovichnyx-cvetov-osenyu. html
Ukunakekelwa okulula kwengadi yezimbali, kungcono ukubeka indawo yasentwasahlobo nasekwindla ezindaweni ezihlukile, ngoba ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, umbuso wokunisela, ukugqoka phezulu kuzohluka kakhulu.
Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ekupheleni kukaMeyi, kanye nasekupheleni kwehlobo, iminduze akufanele itshalwe - izitshalo zikhula ziba buthaka futhi zingazilungiselele, zithambekele ezifweni. Isikhathi esifanelekile sokufika kumzila ophakathi ukuphela kuka-Ephreli.
Iminduze yokutshala kwentwasahlobo
Uma uphuthelwe isikhathi sokuwa noma unqume ukwenza isivivinyo, khumbula ukuthi imisebenzi yokutshala kwentwasahlobo inomehluko othile. Kokubili inhlabathi ngaphansi kweminduze nezitshalo ngokwazo zidinga ukucubungula okwengeziwe.
Khumbula: ngaphambi kokutshala iminduze, udinga ukunquma indawo yazo engadini, unake ama-nuances wokuklanywa kwendawo. Ungayenza kanjani kahle: //diz-cafe.com/rastenija/lilii-v-landshaftnom-dizajne.html
Ukukhetha nokugcina izinto zokutshala
Iminduze emihle, emide ingatshalwa kuphela kusuka kumabhuleki angenazimpawu zezifo - ukubola, isikhunta, amachashazi, izikali, okuhluka ngombala noma ukuthungwa. Izimpande kufanele kube "bukhoma", hhayi ezomisiwe, cishe ubude obu-5 cm. Uma ukuthengwa kwenzeka entwasahlobo, kungcono ukuthenga ama-bulbs asevele anikeze amahlumela amancane.
Ama-bulb anempilo angabonakala kalula ngokubonakala kwawo: amabala agqoke umhlophe umhlophe noma umbala ophuzi awunakho ukufakwa, futhi izimpande ziqinile futhi zibaxekile, ngaphandle kwamabala.
Ake sithi wena uzilungisile izinto zokutshala kusukela ekwindla futhi ufuna ukugcina izimfanelo zayo ezinhle kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Faka ama-bullet eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi futhi uhlole njalo isimo sazo. Mhlawumbe abanye bazokhula futhi "badubule" ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Amahlumela kufanele alondolozwe, futhi ama angatshalwa ezitsheni ezikhethekile noma ezimbizeni ezijwayelekile zezimbali. Lapho nje iqhwa liphela, “ukulala” nezinhlamvu ezihlumile ziyakhishwa zingene emhlabathini ovulekile.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo zokuvikela ukutshala okubangelwa ukhunta kanye namagciwane asemgciwane. Isibulala magciwane senziwa nezixazululo ezaziwayo, ngokwesibonelo:
- ukugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile, bese ubeka imizuzu engama-25 kuya kwengama-30 ubekwe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-manganese - i-5-10 g yento ebhakheni lamanzi;
- Kufakwe kusisombululo se-fungic "Fundazole" (ngokwemiyalo);
- khipha isikali esonakalisiwe, hlambulula ngokuphelele emanzini ayi-2, ubeke endaweni yesixazululo se-karbofos (isipuni 1 sento sinanele ebhakedeni lamanzi) - uma kutholakala ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka kwezifo kumabhuleki.
Umphumela wokuvikelwa uzokhula uma, ngemuva kokutshala, ukufudumeza izidleke. Indlela elula ukusebenzisa amakati noma amabhodlela epulasitiki asikiwe ngenhla. Iziqukathi ezihlanekezelwe zidlala indima yezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezincane ngamahlumela.
Umthunzi wamahlumela wezinhlobonhlobo ezithile ngokuqondile uncike kubungako bokukhanya, futhi emthunzini oyingxenye umbala uba ugcwele kakhulu, uqhakaze, ujule
Uma udinga ukuthutha ama-bulbs noma uwagcine “obala” izinsuku eziningi, uwafake kunoma iziphi iziqukathi ezilula, ezimbozwe nge-moss enomswakama, ngenhlabathi evulekile, ngesihlabathi noma ngesihlahla sethala.
Iseluleko esincanyana sabathandi bama-nzalo ase-Asiya asakazwa ngama-stem bulbs (akhiwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ku-axils yamaqabunga). Ukuze zigcinwe ebusika, zifakwa emasakeni epulasitiki asikiwe bese zibeka izimbiza nge-peat, ezifakwe egumbini noma esiqandisini esinezinga lokushisa lika-1-3ºС.
Ngenqubo yokutholwa, ungakhohlwa ukuchaza izinhlobonhlobo zeminduze - indawo, isikhathi nezimo zokutshala, kanye nezindlela zokulima zincike kulokhu.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nokucutshungulwa
Uma ngokwemibandela ejwayelekile ukufanisa izakhiwo zenhlabathi, ziwusizo ekukhuleni iminduze, kufanele ikhulule, inempilo, i-alkaline, inomswakama.
Enye yezinketho zenhlabathi yeminduze ekhulayo: inhlanganisela yomhlaba we-turf, i-peat, isihlabathi somfula, udoti we-coniferous ngokulingana okulinganayo. Ungangeza i-primer yezimbali
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphambi kokutshala kwentwasahlobo, lapho umhlabathi uncibilika futhi uthambile, sifeza izindlela zokulungiselela:
- bamba ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi (35 cm cm deep);
- hlela imisele yokuphuma kwamanzi amaningi ngokweqile;
- uma ngaphambili ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo bezitshalwe kule ndawo - engeza inhlabathi entsha noma isakhi esingaphansi komhlaba;
- cebisa inhlabathi ngamanyolo we-humus noma we-phosphorus-potash;
- ukunciphisa i-acidity ku-pH 6.5 (iphawundi lekhiyamu noma i-200 g yokhuni lomlotha nge-1 m³ yenhlabathi);
Ubukhazikhazi bezimbali nokukhethwa kwezitshalo engadini yezimbali kuncike kuma-acidity enhlabathini. Funda kabanzi ngalokhu ezintweni zochwepheshe: //diz-cafe.com/vopros-otvet/uxod-za-sadom/kislotnost-pochvy-na-cvetnike.html
- nisela inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ugcine umswakama.
Ungqimba lwamatshe amatshe amatshe noma lomfula angasetjenziswa njengamanzi. Ukuze izinhlamvu zikhule ziphilile, zikhulu futhi ziqinile, kungafakwa izinaliti ezimbalwa ezihlanganiswa nesihlabathi emhlabathini. Into esemqoka - awukho umanyolo wemvelo, ikakhulukazi umquba! Ngaphezulu sibeka ungqimba lwe-peat, sawdust rotted noma komquba.
Lapho utshala iminduze emhlabathini ovulekile ngo-Ephreli, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola isimo senhlabathi - kumele sinqunywe, sithambile futhi siyeke
Sikhetha indawo enelanga futhi simba umgodi ongashonile (kufika ku-10 cm), yize okuningi kuncike ekukhetheni kwezinhlobonhlobo. Ngaphandle kokunye kwezinhlobo ezithile, ama-bulbs ngokuvamile abekwa ekujuleni okulingana namamitha awo amathathu.
Abanye abalimi, ukuze bavikele amahlumela kusuka kunguquko yasentwasahlobo engazelelwe, bambe izimbobo ngokujulile, kodwa banamathele emthethweni: ukukhanyisa inhlabathi, okujulile umgodi. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezimile zitshalwa zijule kuma-8 kuya ku-12 cm (ngokuya ngosayizi we-bulb), amade - kusuka ku-12 kuye ku-20 cm. Uma izimpande ziqine ngokwanele, engeza enye i-5 cm.
Izikhathi zokutshala, njengokujula kwezimbobo, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Kwanele ukushiya u-15 ukuya ku-20 cm phakathi kwezitshalo ezimile, ezinde futhi ezinamandla kufanele zihlukaniswe komunye nomunye ngesikhawu esingama-25-30 cm.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kuncike ekujuleni kwezimbobo nokuhamba phakathi kwazo: ukubumbana akulungile ngezimbali, ingadi yezimbali ibukeka iklanywe kahle
Qiniseka ukuthi isiza sokutshala lily asigcwali amanzi entwasahlobo. Uma ufuna ama-inflorescence aphendukele endlini noma emkhondweni, zama ukuwatshala enyakatho yezinto.
Indaba mayelana nokutshala nokukhula kwe-freesia nayo ingaba wusizo: //diz-cafe.com/graphenija/freziya-posadka-i-vyrashhivanie-v-domashnix-usloviyax-i-otkrytom-grunte.html
Okuphakelayo kokuqala nokulandelayo
Akunandaba nesikhathi sokutshala izimbali, inhlabathi kumele iphathiswe ngomanyolo wamaminerali. Gwema ubulongwe bezinkomo, ikakhulukazi umquba omusha. Kuthinta kabi ukukhula kwama bulbs kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi, izengezo ezilandelayo zengezwa enhlabathini ngentwasahlobo:
- i-ammonium nitrate (1 tbsp.spoon nge-1 m³ yenhlabathi);
- nitroammophosco (kuze kufike ku-50 g ngebhakede lamanzi);
- izinkuni zomlotha.
Lapho ukondla inhlabathi, i-dosing eqinile kufanele ibonwe, ngoba ukugcwala ngokweqile kwamaminerali nakho kuthinta kabi ukukhula kwamahlumela. Okuwukuphela kwento iminduze eluthanda ngokweqiniso umlotha wokhuni. Ingangezwa phakathi nenkathi kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-5-6. I-Ash ayigcini nje ngokwenza indawo ene-alkaline ewusizo kwizimbali, kodwa futhi ivikela nezinhlobo ezithile zezilokazane nokubumba.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile, iminduze itshalwa ezitsheni noma ezimbizeni zezimbali - kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi isonakalisiwe ngokuphelele
Izitshalo ezitshalwe entwasahlobo, ngaphezu kokuphakelwa kokuqala, kumele zivundiswe okungenani izikhathi ezi-2. Ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds akhiwe, umhlaba kufanele ufakwe emanzini ngesisombululo se-nitrofoska, nangemva kwenkathi yezimbali ngesisombululo se-superphosphate (40-50 g ngebhakede lamanzi). Izingubo zokugcina eziphezulu zondla ama, zibazilungiselela isikhathi sasebusika.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengamanyolo wamaminerali, izifo zivinjelwa. NgoMeyi, lapho amahlumela eba namandla athe xaxa, gcwalisa inhlabathi ngo-1% weBordeaux fluid. Phinda inqubo izikhathi ezimbalwa ngoJulayi, kodwa vele usifafaza isitshalo sonke. Uma ubona izimpawu zezifo kuleso sitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, ukubola okungwevu, qhubeka nokugqoka okuphezulu - izinhlamvu zidinga umsoco owengeziwe.
Izici zemodi yokunisela
Umhlabathi olungiselelwe futhi owondliwe awunamsebenzi uma ukuthambisa okufanele kungalandelwa kusukela esikhathini sokutshala kwe-bulb. Ngosuku lokuqala, inhlabathi kumele iniselwe ngokucophelela, bese iniselwa njalo, ibheka izimo ezimbili ezibalulekile:
- vimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi;
- Musa ukomisa inhlabathi.
Noma ikuphi ukwephula kufaka ukumiswa kwentuthuko, ngenxa yalokho ukuqunjelwa kanye nayo yonke inqubo yezimbali ngeke kwenzeke ngokuphelele. Ukuchelela okufanele kunikeza into ebaluleke kakhulu yezitshalo eziqhakazayo - eziphukile, ezinempilo, nama-inflorescence amahle.
Kungenxa yokulondolozwa isikhathi eside komswakama lapho izinaliti noma sawdust ebunjiwe zihlanganiswa enhlabathini - zigcwele amanzi futhi zingavumeli inhlabathi ukuba yomile. Musa ukutshala iminduze kakhulu ukuze umswakama usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo futhi ngamanani anele.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokutshala ikakhulu kuncike emthonjeni wekhishi lasehlobo, kepha zama ukugcina izitshalo zisendaweni ekhanyayo, enokhanyayo noma emthunzini olungemukelekayo
Isikhathi sasekuseni nantambama kufanelekile ukuchelela. Amanzi ngokucophelela, zama ukufafaza amanzi endaweni yezimpande. Ukufafaza ngamaqabunga kungadala ukukhula kwesifo (isb. Botritis) noma ukusha. Amaconsi amanzi luhlobo lwamalensi agxilisa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngalo mqondo, cabanga ngale ndlela yokunisela njengokudlula kwe-Drip - amanzi ngefrikhwensi ethile igeleza ngqo ezimpandeni zezitshalo, ibanikeze isilinganiso esilinganiselwe sokuswakama.
Yini ethusayo ngokweqile? Esikhathini esinamafu, isimo sezulu esipholile, ukumanzisa kuthanda ukukhula kwama-brown amabala, kanye nokushisa kokubola okumanzi kanye neFusarium.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane nezifo
Cabanga ngobungozi obumele izitshalo ezitshalwe ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.
Entwasahlobo yokuqala, ungahlangabezana nenkinga efana nokubola kwamagciwane (okumanzi). Izibonakalisa ngesimo samabala aphuzi, amabala, avele okokuqala emaqabungeni, abese ethutha ngezinyawo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sonke isitshalo siyatheleleka, futhi izindawo ezithintekile zimane zife. Ukuzivikela kulesi sifo, kufanele unciphise ukunisela futhi uqede umanyolo we-nitrogen.
Amabala amancane, kepha aqhakazile, abomvu obomvu emaqabungeni akhombisa esinye isifo - ukugqwala. Iqhutshwa ngama-bulbs, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukukhetha ngokucophelela izinto zokutshala. Amacembe athelelekile ayoma kancane, ngakho-ke asuswa ngokushesha. I-Bordeaux ketshezi, amanye ama-fungicides afanelekile ukwelashwa.
I-Phytosporin iyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo zokukhunta - uqweqwe, umkhondo omnyama, izimpande nokubola grey, ukulimala sekwephuzile, ukugqwala
Isishayo sangempela seminduze yi-botritis (isikhunta grey). Isitshalo esinegciwane simbozwa ngezindawo ezinsundu ezisakazeka ngokushesha. Izizathu zokubukeka zingahluka, kepha okuvame kakhulu ukungabizi kwamanzi kanye noshintsho olunamandla lokushisa. Ukugwema isikhunta, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi kaningi futhi uphathe izitshalo ngezinto ezinethusi.
Uma iziqongo zamahlumela ziqala ukuphenduka ziphuzi, ukubola kwezimpande sekuvele. Uhlala kuphela ezimpandeni zama-bulbs. Kuzofanele sikhiphe isitshalo, sisuse izingxenye ezinesifo bese sibulala amagciwane.
Hhayi izifo kuphela, kepha nabamele abalimazayo be-fauna bangalimaza iminduze: ama-thrip, ama-aphid, ibhungane le-squeak, izibungu zezihlwathi kanye nama-nutcrackers, izibungu zesicabucabu. Ukuwaqothula, kuye kwenziwa amakhemikhali amaningi, isibonelo, i-Inta-Vir. Ama-insecticides awahambelani ne-beetak beetle, ngakho-ke, kufanele asuswe ngesandla kuphela. Ngendlela efanayo, bavame ukubhubhisa i-moth lily egqamile.
Izimpukane ezinamaLily, ama-thrips, ama-aphid kanye nezibungu zamabhungane zibhajwa yi-Thunder, Povotoks, Mukhoed, Pochin, Medvetoks ne-Grizzly.
Amabhuleki kwesinye isikhathi ahlaselwa amagundane. Ngaphezu kocingo olwamukelwa ngokuvamile olunemisebe, kusetshenziswa izithombo zokutshala zeqhwa, ama-daffodils noma ama-colchicum ukuvikela ngamagundane.
Amaphutha lapho kukhula iminduze
Amanye amaphutha ahlotshaniswa nokutshala kwentwasahlobo kweminduze nokunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kwengadi yezimbali kugcwele ukufa kwezitshalo, ngakho-ke zama ukuwagwema okokuqala:
- Ukutshala ama bulb endaweni ephansi. Lesi yindawo ebalulekile yezikhukhula, okusho ukuthi iminduze ebhekene nokugcwala kwamanzi endaweni enjalo izomane ife.
- Ukwephulwa kombuso wokunisela. Isikhathi eside sesomiso, njengokufaka amanzi, siyingozi izimbali. Amanzi kaningi, kodwa kakhulu.
- Ukutshala umanyolo ngomquba. Kusongela lonke uhla lwezifo. Esikhundleni se-mullein, sebenzisa ama-humus, noma izakhi zohlobo lwe- "Athlete".
- Ukushisa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi. Imisebe yelanga eqondile kanye nezitshalo ezilimaza ukushisa. Ukuphuma - ukufika emthunzini oyingxenye kanye nokulinganisa ngotshani obomile noma sawdust.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela iminduze ayinakubekezela, futhi ngomphumela omuhle, into eyodwa kuphela ebalulekile - ukuhamba njalo. Ungalindeli ukuqhakaza okuningi okuvela emasimini entwasahlobo ngonyaka wokuqala, kodwa ngonyaka olandelayo ubuhle nobukhazikhazi bemibhede yezimbali kuzodlula wonke amathemba akho.
Ekugcineni, amathiphu ambalwa kwividiyo:
