ICalceolaria iyisitshalo se-herbaceous esivela emndenini weCalceolaria. Izwe lakubo yisifunda esisogwini lweCentral and South America. Abatshali bezimbali ezifuywayo bakhulisa i-calceolaria njengemplant yendlu. Idume ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali okuningi nokuma okungajwayelekile kwamahlamvu. Izimbali ezinezindebe ezimbili zifana nesikhwama noma islayidi; phakathi kwabalimi, esikhundleni segama eliyinkimbinkimbi lokuzalwa, kukhona elula - i- "slippers". Izimbali ziningi kakhulu futhi zinhle kangangokuba izitshalo zivame ukunikela esikhundleni sezimbali zeholide.
Incazelo yeBotanical
ICalceolaria yisitshalo esidala esikhula esimweni sezulu esipholile njengesitshalo sonyaka noma se-biennial. Ukuphakama kwamahlumela kungamasentimitha ayi-10-50. Uhlelo lwezimpande lunesakhiwo se-fibrous. Izithombo ezithambile ezigqinsiwe zitholakala ngaphezu komhlaba. Iziqu ezakhiwe noma ezinendawo yokuhlala zinamagquma aminyene.
Amaqabunga we-Petiole we-lanceolate noma ukuma okusaqanda anemiphetho ye-wavy kanye nendawo ehlanganisiwe. Ubude beqabunga buyi-5-10 cm. Iningi lamaqabunga athambile, amnandi kumakhasi wokuthinta ahlanganiswe eduze komhlaba.
Izimbali ziqala cishe izinyanga ezi-5 ngemuva kokutshala futhi zihlala kuze kube ngamaviki ayi-5. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukubikezela ukuvela kwezimbali zomkhosi noma usuku oluthile. Kwisitshalo esisodwa, kuze kube ngama-50 efihlekile angaqhakaza. Aqoqwe ku-inflorescence eyodwa noma kokunye okuncane. I-inflorescence inesimo se-racemose. Izimbali zinesakhiwo esingajwayelekile. I-nimbus enezindebe ezimbili ezingezansi inomlomo omkhulu we-pouty, futhi ngaphezulu yindebe encane kakhulu, eyindilinga. Ububanzi bezimbali buqala kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-60 mm. Umbala ungaba ophuzi-owolintshi, obomvu, onsundu. Imvamisa ebusweni be-petals kukhona amabala amhlophe noma apinki. Enkabeni kukhona ama-stamens angama-2-3 ne-ovary.
Ngemuva kokuvunda, izithelo ziyavuthwa - ibhokisi lombewu elomile lesimo sokuwa. Ngaphakathi kunezimbewu eziningi ezinothuli ezinsundu.
Izinhlobo zeCalceolaria
Kuhlobo lwe-calceolaria, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-300 zibhalisiwe. Kodwa-ke, esikweni elivame ukukhula kakhulukazi hhayi izinhlobo kodwa izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali zokuhlobisa. Ziyakwazi ukumelana nokukhula ngaphakathi futhi zibalwa ngokuqhakaza okude nokuningi.
I-calceolaria eyinkimbinkimbi. Emvelweni, i-herbaceous perennial ikhula ibe ngu-25-50 cm ukuphakama. Isiqu esiguquguqukayo, esinamagatsha embozwe ngesikhumba esinsundu. Amaqabunga amancane e-lanceolate aqoqwa ezisekelweni abe yi-rosette eyisisekelo. Zinejamo lokusaqanda. Ama-inflorescence aminyene aqukethe ama-buds aphuzi 1.5 cm cm. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- IGoldbukett - isihlahla mude 25-30 cm ubude sakha izimbali ezikhulu eziphuzi kuma-inflorescence aminyene;
- Ukushiswa kwelanga - ama-inflorescence amaningana anama-red-orange noma ama-rose aqhakaza aqhakaza esitshalweni esingu-15-20 cm ukuphakama.
UCalceolaria Mexican. Amagatsha esitshalo aqhakaza kakhulu futhi aqhakaze ama-inflorescence amancane amancane ngezimbali ze-bilobate zegolide eziphuzi. Ububanzi be-corolla eyodwa bufika ku-5 cm.
Kalceolaria onsomi. Le mbali iqukethe irosette eluhlaza okotshani obukhulu bamaqabunga ambozwe inqwaba obukhulu. I-inflorescence evulekile ye-racemose ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwabo. Imbali ngayinye encane inezindebe eziphakeme eziphakeme ezinamabala abomvu onsomi.
ICalceolaria hybrid. Izinhlobo zihlanganisa nzalo eziningi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezinokuhlobisa kakhulu kwama-inflorescence. Amacembe aluhlaza akhanyayo ngokuvamile I-inflorescence emnyama ingahluka ngosayizi. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-peduncle ambalwa akhula kwisitshalo esisodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ithoni eyinhloko yezithanga ingaba ophuzi noma owolintshi. Amabala angenamabala apinki, amhlophe, abomvu noma ansundu, amachashazi nemivimbo ayabonakala ebusweni. I-Tiger calceolaria ithandwa kakhulu, okuyinto, noma kunjalo, ebhekwa njengengathandeki kakhulu.
Ukuzala
ICalceolaria ivame ukusakazwa ngembewu. Zingathengwa esitolo noma zitholakale ezitshalweni zakho. Ukusuka ezinhlanyelweni zesitshalo esisodwa, ngokuya ngemibandela yokuboshwa, izinhlobo ezimfishane noma ezinde zingakhula. Imbewu entsha imila kahle. Ungahlwanyela i-calceolaria nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ugxile osukwini olulinganiswayo lokuqhakaza.
Izitshalo zikhiqizwa ezitsheni ezingashoni ezinomhlabathi we-peat okhanyayo. Inani elincane lesihlabathi kanye netshisi lingangezwa emhlabathini. Umhlaba ukhwetshwe ngokucophelela, ufafazwe ngesibhamu sokufafaza bese imbewu isakazwa ebusweni. Isitsha kumele simbozwe ngefilimu noma ngengilazi bese sifakwa egumbini eliqhakazile elinokushisa komoya kwe +18 ... +20 ° C.
Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7. Lapho amaqabunga eqiniso ayi-2-2 evela ezitshalweni ezincane, kuqala ukwenziwa (izitshalo zingaba cishe namasonto ayi-1.5). Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5, izitshalo zidotshwa kaningi emabhodweni noma ezinkomishini zepulasitiki. Ukukhetha ngakunye kusheshisa kakhulu ukukhula, ukukhula kwezithombo kushesha kakhulu kunokwamasampula angashintshiwe. Ngemuva kwezinye izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, ama-calceolaria asekhulile atshalwa emiphongolweni enobubanzi obungafika ku-11 cm futhi akhule njengezitshalo zabantu abadala.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yezimbali, izinqubo eziningi zamuva zakhiwa esihlahleni. Izimbambo ezinobude obuyi-5 cm zingagawulwa futhi zikhule. I-Rooting yenziwa enhlabathini evundile ye-peaty. Kuyadingeka ukugcina umswakama ophezulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ifilimu noma ipulasitiki. Inqubo ithatha amasonto angama-2-3, emva kwalokho izithombo zingasatshalaliswa emabhodweni ahlukile bese zisusa indawo yokukhosela.
Ukutshala isitshalo
Ngokutshala i-calceolaria sebenzisa amabhodwe anomthamo wamalitha angama-0.8-1.2. Imbiza kufanele ibe nezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi, ungqimba obukhulu obunwebekile, amashothi obumba noma ama-chip wezitini athululelwa ezansi ngaphansi kwawo. Umhlaba wokutshala kumele ube lula futhi ube nomoya. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-fluffy peat ngokufakwa kwenhlabathi enamaqabunga, isihlabathi, izimpande ze-fern kanye ne-humus deciduous. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokubola kwezimpande, engeza umlotha wezinkuni noma ikhabhoni echobozekile eyenziwe yasebenza.
Ukufiswa kwenziwa nge-transshipment ukuze kungonakalisi izimpande ezondile. Ukuqinisa intambo yempande akunconywa. Umhlaba unyathelwa ngokucophelela futhi uniselwa ngamanzi ahlanziwe.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezicathulo
Indoor calceolaria imbali ekhaya idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ngesimo sengqondo sokuhlonipha, uzobonga ngephunga eliningi lezimbali nephunga elimnandi.
Isibani Ukukhanyiselwa kwe-calceolaria kufanele kube okugqamile, kepha kube mnyama. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kungadala ukushiswa nokuvela kwezindawo ezimbi emacembe. Isikhathi sasemini, ngisho nasebusika, akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwamahora ayi-8. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa i-backlight. Ukulima, ama-sill efasitela asentshonalanga noma asempumalanga afaneleka kangcono. Ehlobo, izimbali zingakhipha emoyeni omusha ngaphansi kombhede.
Ukushisa ICalceolaria ithanda okuqukethwe okupholile. Izinga lokushisa elilungile ngalo ngu + 18 ... + 23 ° C. Kungcono ukuthi uqinisekise ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke, ukwehlisa ebusuku kuze kube ngu-15 ... + 17 ° C. Ukushisa okuphezulu, okuphezulu lapho umswakama kufanele kube khona. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, kuyadingeka ukunikeza okuqukethwe okubandayo ngokwehlisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu abe ngu-14 ... + 17 ° C.
Umswakama. Umswakama ophezulu we-calceolaria uyinto enqumayo. Izithombo nezitshalo ezincane zikhule ngaphansi kwethofi. Izitshalo ziyafafazwa bese zibekwa eduze kwamathreyi ngamanzi nodaka olunwebekile olumanzi. Ngokufafaza sebenzisa isifutho esihle namanzi ahlanzwa kahle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzovela amabala amabi. Futhi, ukunqwabelana kwamaconsi emafwini kuholela ekuphangeni.
Ukunisela. ICalceolaria iniselwa kaningi, kodwa ezingxenyeni ezincane zamanzi. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale imanzi kancane, kepha ingabi manzi. Ukushisa okunconyelwe kwamanzi kokunisela ngu-25-28 ° C. Uketshezi kufanele luhlanzwa ngokuphelele kokungcoliswa kwe-chlorine kanye ne-lime. Wonke amanzi ngokweqile avela kusobho kufanele akhishwe ngokushesha.
Umanyolo Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kanye nezitshalo, i-calceolaria idinga ukondliwa njalo. Baqala ukwenza amasonto ama-2 ngemuva kokufakelwa. Kabili noma kathathu ngenyanga, umhlaba uniselwa ngesisombululo somanyolo wamaminerali. Ekupheleni kwezimbali, ukondla kuyamiswa.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele. Kusukela esemncane, i-calceolaria idinga ukuzithensa. Kunconywa ukususa izinqubo ezilandelanayo, ukuze lesi sitshalo siphenduke sibe namandla, futhi ama-inflorescence aminyene aqukethe ama-buds amakhulu. Imbali ekhulayo ingahle ithambe. ICalceolaria ingatshalwa ezimbizeni zezimbali njengesitshalo se-ampel. Ukuze wenze isihlahla siqine kakhudlwana, sebenzisa izisekeli ezikhethekile eziyisiyingi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kuqediwe, amahlumela anqunywe ngokwengxenye, okushiya kufika kuma-20 cm amahlumela.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
ICalceolaria izwelana nezifo zokukhunta. Uma inhlabathi inyanise ngokwedlulele, kungavela izimpande noma impuphu ye-powdery. Izitshalo zihamba kancane ekukhuleni, amaqabunga aphuzi futhi awe. Ukuvimbela lezi zinto, kubalulekile ukubhekisisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Ama-aphid, ama-mealybugs, ama-whiteflies, izimbuzane zesicabucabu kanye nezinambuzane ezikalwa ngokuhlala angahlala amahlumela amnandi. Ama-parasites adla ujusi we-calceolaria futhi ngokushesha uyawukhipha. Uma izinambuzane zitholakala, ama-insecticides kufanele aphathwe ngokushesha. Athandwa amalungiselelo wefomu le-Aerosol ne-powder.
ICalceolaria ayithandi umoya owomile futhi oshisayo. Kulokhu, amahlumela awo azovezwa futhi elula, futhi amaqabunga ayoma kusuka emaphethelweni aphenduke aphuzi. Imbali ibonakala ngokuguga okusheshayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zikhule ngokuphelele futhi zidinga ukushintshwa.
