Ngelinye igama elithi "inkomo", abaningi bethu bacabanga ubuhle obumnyama nabomhlophe obubonakalayo ngobuningi obuhle obubushelelezi.
Yileyo ndlela amahlathi asezintabeni - abameleli bohlobo, omunye wabathathu abadume kakhulu eRussia, kubonakala sengathi.
Izinkomo zekholmogory zihle ivumelaniswa nesimo sezulu esibandayo, kanye nabo Ubisi lunomuthi ophezulu we-fat futhi ukunambitheka okukhulu.
Umlando
Izinkomo zekholmogory zazikhona ekhulwini le-XVII esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk. Leli gama livela ku-Kholmogory yokuhlala. Ngaphansi kukaPeter I, i-Arkhangelsk yaba yichweba elikhulu kunazo zonke, okuyisisekelo sokuhwebelana namazwe amaningi aseYurophu.
Isimo sezulu sasivumela ukukhiqiza izinkomo zobisi.. Esikhungweni sokukhukhula seNyakatho Dvina kwakukhona izindawo eziningi zokudliwayo zemvelo ezigcwele utshani obuhle futhi obunomsoco.Ukufuna kwemikhiqizo yobisi nakho kwadlala indima enkulu: ubisi olubandayo nezinye imikhiqizo yezolimo zithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-Arkhangelsk olwandle.
Naphezu kokuthi cishe amakhulu amabili eminyaka, izinkomo nezinkunzi zezinye izinhlobo zalethwa e-Arkhangelsk, akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngethonya labo elikhulu emagqumeni asezintabeni.
Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, ososayensi benza ucwaningo ngokuzalana, lapho izinkomo zeKholmogory zawela khona nabamele abakwa-Holstein naseDutch.
Inhloso yokuwela iwukuba ukwandisa isivuno sobisi. Kodwa kwavela ukuthi inzalo yezibili ezixubile, nakuba zanikeza ubisi obuningi, zahlukana namafutha aphansi kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunambitheka nezinye izinkomba zanda. Kulokhu, ukusebenza ekukhethweni kwaqedwa.
Uhlobo lwama-Kholmogory lwalukhona njengezimele iminyaka eminengi, kodwa bekungaba ngokuqoshiwe ngokusemthethweni ngo-1937.
Ukubukeka
Izilwane zalolu hlobo zikhulu, kunalokho zide futhi zihlanganisiwe. Ukuphakama kubunzima kubantu abadala - kufika ku-130-140 cm. Umbala ikakhulukazi omnyama nomhlophe, ubonakale. Kunezilwane ezimnyama ngokuphelele, ezingavamile - umbala obomvu nomhlophe.
Ukuma kwekhanda kuyancipha, intamo isincane kakhulu. Umthethosisekelo unamandla, izitho zihlelwe kahle, umugqa oqondile womgogodla kanye nezinkalo ziwuphawu. Ukuphakama kwe-sacrum kuhluke ekuphakameni lapho kubonakala u-5-7 cm.
Umhlabathi unomumo ojikelezayo nobukhulu obuphakathi. Kukhona nezinkabi ezinezinkomishi ezimise okwesibhakabhaka futhi, ngokungajwayelekile, ifomu lembuzi. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona umlenze onama-nipples wesithathu. Ukuma kwezinsipho kuyindilinga, kuhlangene.
"Kholmogorskaya" izinhlobo zezinkomo: izici nezithombe
Izinkomo ezindala zilinganisa isilinganiso esingu-550 kg. Ngokuqondene nezinkunzi ezindala, isisindo sawo singaba sikhulu kakhulu: kuze kube ngu-800-850 kg. Kunezibonelo lapho izinkunzi zezinhlanga zalolu hlobo zilinganisa ithoni eyodwa.
Amathole azalwe anesisindo esingaphezu kuka-30 kg.. I-Gobies, njengomthetho, kakade ekuzalweni kuncane kakhulu kunezinkukhu. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, uma amathole enakekelwa ngokucophelela, ayalinganisa: izinkunzi zezinkunzi - isilinganiso esingu-180 kg, amathole - 150-170 kg. Ngezinyanga ezingu-18, amathole anesisindo esingama-370-390 kg.
Inkomo endala inika isilinganiso se-3200-3800 kg ubisi ngonyaka, kanti izimo ezinhle zobisi zivunwa zingakhuphuka kuze kufike ku-5-6 000 kg. Ukuqukethwe kwamanoni okumanyo ngokuvamile kuphezu kuka-3%, kufinyelele ku-3.87%.
Kukhona nezinye izinkomo zezinkomo zobisi obuningi bokuqukethwe ubisi, njengeJersey, Simmental, Ayshir, Red Steppe.
Isithombe "Izinkomo zohlobo lwekholmogorsky":
I-INTERESTING!Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-2000, umhlambi okhiqiza kakhulu, owadalwa epulazini lokuhlola laseTolstopaltsevo (isifunda saseMoscow), waziwa kabanzi phakathi kochwepheshe.
Bakwazi ukufeza uketshezi olulodwa lwamabele ka-6484 kg ubisi (okuqukethwe kuka-fat 3.9%, amaprotheni 3.31%). Phakathi kwezinye izindlela, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola bokukhwa kabili kwasetshenziswa, ngokuphambene nokukhishwa kwesigaba esisodwa - isikhathi esithathu.
Njengamanje, izici ezinjalo zohlobo ziyathuthukiswa njengendlela yokuma kwesibalo kanye nesilinganiso se-lactation. Ososayensi nabalimi benza umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa isimo sezinkomo, ukufuna nokuthola izindlela zokwandisa ubisi nokukhiqiza ubisi. Umsebenzi ukufezekisa amafutha angama-4% futhi unqobe lokhu okuphawulekayo.
Kuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinhlobo ze-Kholmogory: I-Pechora, eNyakatho nePhakathi, isici seKomi Republic, Arkhangelsk naseMoscow, ngokulandelana.
Ukudla nokunakekelwa
Imithetho yokondliwa nokunakekelwa kwamagquma azifani nezincomo ezijwayelekile. Isikhumba esihlanzekile, esomile futhi esicacile, ukudla okunempilo kuyadingeka ukuze kube nempilo enhle yezilwane futhi uthole ubisi obugcwele.
Njengoba uhlobo lwe-Kholmogory luvame kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia nakumazwe angomakhelwane, ukudla kuhluka kakhulu ngokuhambisana nezimo zendawo.
Izifo
Hilltop ube nomzimba omuhle kanye nokuzivikela okuphezulu. Iphelile futhi ijwayele ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu esenyakatho, cishe ayifuni ukushisa.
Kutholakala njalo: isifo sofuba, i-rheumatism, izifo zesifo.
I-high leukemia ukumelana. Ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi, lo mkhuba ugcinwa njalo ezilwaneni ezingenalutho - inzalo yamagquma ase-hill naseHolsteins.
Mayelana nokuzalanisa nokugcinwa
Emashumini eminyaka adlule, kwenziwa ucwaningo olwenziwa:
- amathuba okusebenzisa izinto ezintsha zokwakha imfuyo yezinkomo;
- izinketho ngosuku lwesimanje, umphumela walo ekukhiqizeni ubisi;
- ukudla okuhlukahlukene;
- izindlela zokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ubisi.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinto ezintsha zokwakha ("Polyterm" nabanye), eziqinile futhi ezomvelo.
Kufakazele lokho izilwane zibekezelela ukukhwabanisa kabili. Ukuguquka kwalesi simiso kwandisa ngokuphindaphindiwe izinga lokulahlekelwa ubisi futhi kusiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Izinkomo zohlobo lwe-Kholmogory zinezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa. Lezi zilwane azizithobeki, zibekezelele ngokuphelele isimo sezulu esibucayi, senzeke kahle kwezinye izindawo.
Ubisi nemikhiqizo eyenziwe kuyo kudla kahle kakhulu.
Uhlobo lwe-Kholmogory luye lwasakazeka ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia. Bangatholakala futhi emapulazini I-Ukraine, iMoldova namanye amazwe.
Ama-hormogorks ayizinkomo ezidumile kakhulu, ziletha injabulo kulabo abakhulayo nalabo abathanda nje ubisi oluhlwabusayo nemikhiqizo yobisi.
