Ezihlukahlukene zasebusika eziqinile zaseRussia Central - eliphakathi kwe "Isikhala"

I-Pear ingenye yezithelo ezithandwa kakhulu izitshalo endaweni yokushisa yezulu yaseRussia.

Abalimi balandela ngokuzithandela ukulima kwalesi sihlahla, bejabulela ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu futhi kunambitheka eliphakathi kwe-pear futhi bacabange ukuthi cishe isitshalo esihle kakhulu esakhiwe emgwaqeni ophakathi nezimo ezinzima zezulu.

Esinye sejwayelekile ezihlukahlukene zamapheya "Cosmic" - Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe zesithelo kamuva esihlokweni. Njengamanje, ikhulile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, amapulazi amakhulu nezinsimu ezincane.

Uhlobo luni lwamapheya alubhekisela?

Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, wonke amapheya ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu - ebusika, ekwindla nasehlobo. Ibanga elicatshangelwayo liyizikhonkwane zasehlobo. Izithelo zemithi yalesi sigaba zivuthwe ngokugcwele phakathi no-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Ngakho, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuvuna kwezinhlobo zekwindla.

Ukubambisana izinhlobo zehlobo kubonisa ukuthi izithelo ze-"Cosmic" nge ukunambitheka kwazo okuhle kakhulu ngeke 'ziqhayise' ikhono lokugcina isikhathi eside.

Izinhlobo zasehlobo zihlanganisa: izingane, uCarmen, uLimonka, Orlovskaya Belorita noChizhovskaya.

Kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo zehlobo azikwazi ukugcinwa emva kokuvuna okungaphezu kwamasonto amabili.

Abalimi abaningi, abasebenzisa i-pear "Cosmic", bathi lesi sithelo singagcinwa ngisho nangaphandle ngaphandle kwekhwalithi. izinsuku eziyishumi kuphela.

Yebo futhi ukuqoqa izithelo ezivuthiwe zalezi zinhlobonhlobo kungcono izinsuku ezingu-4-6uma kungenjalo amapheya amathenda ayophinde ahlabelele, aguqe futhi aphume.

Ngokuqondene nokwabiwa kwamapheya ngokusetshenziswa kwawo, "Isikhala" sithatha indawo efanelekile ku-niche enkulu yezinhlobo zetafula. Ngenxa yesiphakamiso sayo esibukwayo kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zokunambitheka, lezi zithelo ezinomsoco zihle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okusha.

Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi azisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlukene yemithwalo kanye nezitsha zokupheka.

Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa

Izinhlobo ezikhonjiwe ezikhonjiwe zakhiwe ngabalimi I-Russian-Research Research Institute yokuHlala nokuHlala. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, esifundeni saseTambov). Abalobi bayo UG. A. Lobanov noZ. I. Ivanova.

Ukuze uthole i-hybrid entsha, ochwepheshe baye bawela izinhlobo ezimbili zamapheya. Umbhangqwana womzali owenziwe "I-Russian Malgorzatka"futhi"Indodakazi Blancova".

Izinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe ngenhloso yokusabalalisa kanye nokwabiwa okubanzi emaflasini e-horticultural eRussia, ikakhulukazi Izindawo ezingezona-chernozem kanye neCentral Chernozem.

Kulezi zifunda, izinhlobo ezifana neGera, Lada, Favorite Yakovleva, Rossoshanskaya Dessert, Lyra zikhule kahle.

Ukuze i-pear ikhule ngendlela evamile ezimweni zesimo sezulu esibucayi saseRussia, ukugcizelela ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwafakwa ekukhuleni kweqhwa ekuvuneni okuphezulu.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, ibanga laphumelela ngempela. Izakhiwo zakhe zinesithakazelo kubalimi abaningi abakha izinhlobo ezintsha ze-hybrid.

Ikakhulukazi, i- "Space" esetshenziselwa umsebenzi ekwakheni izinhlobo ezinjengokuthi "Ihlobo legolide"futhi"Permyachka", umkhiqizi ovelele waseRashiya wezitshalo zamaparele nama-apula, uprofesa Leonid Kotov.

Iphakathi kwe "Cosmic": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe

Lesi sitshalo sinezici ezilandelayo ezibukwayo nezakhi:

• Isihlahla Ukukhula okuphakeme. Ingafinyelela kumamitha angu-5-6 nangaphezulu. Ukulawula izihlahla ezivunwayo ezidingekayo.
• Krone, amagatsha. Ukusabalalisa umqhele omuthi wesihlahla ngokuvamile kuvame. Enye indlela yokukhethwa kukho yipiramidi enkulu. Amagatsha ezinamahlumela asondela endaweni engakwesokunxele.
• Amahlumela. Ngokuyinhloko iqonde. Ubukhulu obuningi bamahlumela buphakathi, umbala unobundu. Kunezinhlayiya ezincane ezingavamile kumahlumela. Izithelo, njengoba umthetho, zihlala izithelo.
• Amahlamvu. Unemibala eluhlaza. Ngokuvamile ubukhulu obuphakathi. Ngomfanekiso wayo, iqabunga le-"Cosmic" eliphakathi kwelo lifana neqanda. Ngokuvamile imiphetho yayo (ngezinye izikhathi amathiphu) aphakanyisiwe. Ipuleti elimnyama eliyindilinga kuze kube yilapho ithinta ubushelelezi.
• Izithelo. Ngokujwayelekile amancane noma aphakathi nosayizi. Ubuningi besilinganiso esisodwa se-fetus kusuka ku-80 kuya ku-110 g.

  Hlala esihlahleni ngokusebenzisa isiqu esiphezulu nesinzima. Isikhumba esinamahlumela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (oluhlangothini lwesithelo olubhekene nelanga, kubonakala sengathi i-matte blush ebonakalayo iyabonakala) ihlanganisa inyama emhlophe enomsoco, ekhonjiswe ngokusanhlamvu okumnandi nokunambitheka okumnandi.

  Ngaphakathi kwenyama kuwubukhulu obuphakathi, imbewu emnyama enesibhakabhaka i-oblong, nephethini elikhomba, ifomu. Ikamelo lembewu - livaliwe.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi kwamaparele "Okuhle" kungenziwa esithombeni esingezansi:

Izici

Umuthi webanga elibekiwe uqala ngokugcwele bear izithelo emva kweminyaka 5-6 emva kokuba isithombo sakhe sitshalwe ensimini.

Uma uhlela ukukhulisa lolu hlobo lwepheya nokucabanga ngezitshalo ezizayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sitshalo ngokuvamile kuvuna izithelo njalo ngonyaka kuphela esemncane. Ekudala, kunesikhathi (ngekhefu) fruiting.

Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazifakwe ngokulindelwa kokusabalaliswa kwawo kabanzi emasimini Russia Centrallapho kunezitshalo ezide kakhulu futhi ezinzima kakhulu futhi kushintshana kakhulu entwasahlobo kanye nasekwindla ngaphandle kwesikhathi, i-"Cosmic" ibonakala njengesiko izinga eliphezulu lokumelana kwamaqhwa.

Ukumelana nokuqina kwama-frost kumamaki ahlukene: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, Svetlyanka, iSaradi Ubuhle neThiyibheli.

Ngokuyinhloko, ngokusho kokubheka ebusika obusika kakhulu ngo-1978/1979 endaweni edolobheni lase-Oryol, izinkuni kanye nokugquma phezu kwesiqu salesi peyari zaqhwaza zingabi ngaphezu kwama-2.5 amaphuzu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naphezu kwezimo ezinzima zezulu lapho lezi zinhlobonhlobo kufanele khona, Inikeza izithelo eziphakeme kakhulu zezithelo eziphezulu.

Ngokwezibalo, ukunakekelwa kahle kwesitshalo kukuvumela ukuba ufeze isivuno sika 150 kg noma ngaphezulu esihlahleni esisodwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumkhuba we-horticultural, kunezimo ezithile lapho, ngenxa yokunciphisa umthwalo esihlahleni, kwakungenzeka ukwandisa kakhulu (ngenkathi kugcinwa izindinganiso zokunambitha) izithelo isisindo kuze 300-350 amagremu.

Lesi sisindo sasivumela abalimi ukuba bavune kusuka komunye umuthi kuze kufike ku-190 kg wamapheya, futhi cishe abangaba ngu-440 abakhiqiza izithelo ngalinye ngehektare.

Ngokuqondene nesilinganiso sabelana samakhemikhali afana nepey "Cosmic", kubonakala kanje:

Ipear evulekile "Cosmic" Isiphuzo esiphundu esimnandi sezithelo sedert. Unayo ukuthutha okuhle nokuthengwa okuphezulu. Zisebenzise kokubili fresh futhi ngesimo ukudla okusetshenziselwe: izithelo omisiwe, compotes, marmalade, egcina, njll.

I-pear cosmic iyigugu kubathengi hhayi nje kuphela ekunambithekeni kwayo, kepha nangenxa yobuningi bezimfanelo zokudla ezizuzisayo ezisiza umuntu ukuba abhekane nezifo zezinso.

Ibuye ibe nezindawo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-protivoskleroznymi, ikhuthaza ukwedlula amathe usawoti kanye nomswakama.

Izitshalo eziphezulu ziboniswa yizinhlobonhlobo ezinjengezikhonkwane: Ngesikhumbuzo seZhegalov, Moskvichka, Otradnenskaya, Elegant Efimova noMarble.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Izitshalo zezwe elithi "Space", njengokubusa, entwasahlobo. Ungatshala ikhasi futhi ekwindla, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenzeke okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.

Isihlahla kumele sitholakale endaweni elula kakhulu futhi eyomile. Njengoba lesi siko sibucayi kakhulu ekudluliseni, kubalulekile ukulungiselela ukuthi le ndawo izohlala unomphela. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yayo kufanele ithathwe ngokucophelela.

Akunconywa ukutshala izithombo ezindaweni eziphansi lapho ngokuvamile amanzi angaphansi komhlaba asondela khona. Uma ungacabangi ngalesi simo, umuthi ebusika ungabanda kakhulu futhi ufe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukunaka ukubunjwa kwamakhemikhali enhlabathini endaweni yokutshala. "Isikhala", njenganoma yikuphi amanye amaphuzu, samukelwa kahle futhi kamuva unikeza isivuno esihle enhlabathini e-loamy.

Uma ngesizathu esithile kufanele utshale umuthi enhlabathini yobumba, kunconywa ukuba wengeze umquba, i-peat nenhlabathi enkulu yomfula.

Ngakho-ke emhlabathini onesihlabathi kuzodingeka wengezwe humus, peat kanye nomquba.
Ngokuba ukutshala isithombo kubanjwa umgodi u-100-120 cm ububanzi kanye no-70-80 cm ububanzi Kunconywa ukuvumela umgodi ume izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi kokutshala, Faka kuwo amabhakede amabili amanzi.

Ngalesi sikhathi kuyoba usizo ukumba emigodini yokudonsa amanzi, ikakhulukazi kulawo maqiniso uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba asondele kuso.

Ngokuvamile, ukuze uziqinisekise kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimanga "zamanzi", kungcono ukutshala izithombo ngokuphakama okuncane.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi yakhishwa emgodini, ixutshwe enezibhakede eziningana zesihlabathi, nomquba (humus) (cishe amabhakede amabili), engeza kuso ingilazi ye superphosphate, 2-3 wezipuni of potassium sulfate.

Izithombo zifakwa emgodini, izimpande zawo zigcwele inhlanganisela yomhlabathi olungiselelwe futhi, ngokuqapha ngokucophelela inhlabathi ngezinyawo zabo, bathululelwa ngamanzi. Ukuvimbela umswakama ukuba ungabikho, isayithi lokungena lihlanganiswa nobunqamu obungenawo obukhulu bomswakama omisiwe.

Phakathi kwemigqa yamapheya, ungahlwanyela imifino ngenqubo encane (radishes, iklabishi, ubhontshisi, uphizi, njll).

Akunakwenzeka ukutshala eduze nesitshalo esiphakeme ngesitshalo esiphakeme (isibonelo, i-sunflower noma ummbila), okuzothatha izakhi ezivela ezingeni eliphansi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ze "Cosmic" ezihlangene ngokuhambisana nemithi yezinye izinhlobo ze-pear.

Ukunakekelwa okuphakathi kwe-pear kuhlanganisa ukuchelela njalo, ukondla nokucubungula isitshalo ngokumelene nezinambuzane. Ngo-Mashi, ukusika izihlahla kususa amagatsha amadala kanye namagatsha anemifino edala, kanti konke okufingqiwe kufushane.

Ngomhla ka-Ephreli kunconywa ukuthi uphefise isihlahla kabili kusuka ezinambuzane. - okokuqala, phakathi nesikhathi lapho amaqabunga eqhakaza, isikhathi sesibili lapho kuvela khona imbali efihlekile. May - isikhathi sokudla, mhlawumbe ngesimo se-urea.

Ihlobo elomile liyadingeka njalo uchithe umuthi. Ekubeni, ukulungiselela ubusika, kufanele unakekele ukutshala umhlabathi (umquba, superphosphate, umlotha, potassium, nabanye).

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Cosmic ziphikisana kakhulu ne-//selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html nezinye izifo, ezifana nokushisa amabhaktheriya noma ukugqwala.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, leli peyari ingase ihlupheke ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zezinambuzane. Kulezi zimo, amagatsha okucubungula afanelekayo namakhemikhali omqhele.

I-Fresh, ikheya elihlwabusayo futhi enempilo yalezi zihlukahlukene kuyoba umhlobiso weqiniso wetafula eliphanayo. Kodwa ngoba lo mlimi kufanele abe nesineke futhi enze umzamo omkhulu.