Isibambiso sokuvuna okucebile - ukutshala okufanelekayo kwezithombo zotamatisi ekhaya

Izithombo ezinempilo - isihluthulelo sokuvuna okuhle esikhathini esizayo. Lo mthetho usebenza kumatamatisi. Ukutshala izithombo zamatamatisi efasiteleni kufaka izimfihlo zayo, kepha ngisho nensimu engakwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi ukuzuza amahlumela.

Kuze kube sekugcineni, kubalulekile ukunamathela ezincomo mayelana nezinsuku zokutshala, izimo zokuboshwa nokunakekelwa okufanele.

Kulesi sihloko, esikunikeza sona, sizocabangela i-agrotechnology yokulima ekhaya izithombo zezotamatisi kusuka ku-A kuya ku-Z.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungahle kwendlela yokutshala

Yiqiniso, izithombo ezikhulayo kwifasiteleni zinokungaphumeleli. Ngokuvamile kunezinkinga ngokubekwa kwamabhokisi nezinye iziqukathi, futhi kwandisa kakhulu umswakama ekamelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhaktheriya angavela emoyeni uma izitshalo zigula. Kodwa Le ndlela inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• Okokuqala, thola imbewu futhi ukhule ibe eshibhile kunokuthenga izithombo ezilungiselelwe.
• Okwesibili, lapho ekhula ngokuzimela, umlimi wensimu uyakwazi ukuthi yiliphi uhlobo lwetamatisi okhulayo.
• Okwesithathu, ukunakekelwa nokucwiliswa kwemithi kuzosindisa izitshalo ezifweni, futhi uma uthenga izithombo ezenziwe ngokucacile akucaci ukuthi yiziphi amagciwane kanye nezifo ezingaqukatha izitshalo.

Izindlela ezikhulayo

Zisebenzise inhlabathi kanye nezindlela zokuhlwanyela ngokungapheli. Indlela yokuqala ihlanganisa ukuhlwanyelwa kweqembu lezinhlamvu kanye nomuntu ngamunye.

Khetha isitsha esifanelekayo: izinhlamvu zokuhlwanyela amaqembu amabhokisi afanelekayo noma iziqukathi zepulasitiki.

Ukuhlwanyela komuntu ngamunye kusho ukuthi imbewu ngayinye ifakwa ekomelweni elilodwa noma embizeni (izinkomishi ezitholakala eplastiki noma iphepha elizenzekelayo).

Ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakho. Uma ukukhethwa kuhlelwe ngenkathi kuhlwanyela inhlabathi, ukuqina kwezithombo kuvunyelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo kumele ligcinwe. Njengoba ihlumela elihlukile likhula, ukukhethwa ngeke kudingeke.

Indlela engekho emgwaqweni ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi e-peatokuyinto elula, kodwa ebiza kakhulu. Njengoba amaphilisi aqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni igciwane, esiteji sokuqala awukwazi ukukhathazeka ngokudla. Ukutshala kwenzeka nge-peat cushion, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwempande alulimazi.

Futhi, imbewu ifakwa emanqeni, i-diapers, iphepha langasese. Lezi zindlela zisho ukushayela okuphoqelekile, ngoba ungqimba lwephepha langasese lefilimu lincane futhi uhlelo lwempande ngeke lukhule ngendlela efanele.

I-Algorithm yezenzo:

1. Ngokuba izithombo ezinjalo ezikhulayo zithatha ifilimu ende. Uhlaka lwephepha langasese lusetshenziselwa ubude obugcwele futhi bunamanzi amaningi.
2. Imbewu isakazwa ibanga lika-1 cm.
3. Khona-ke wonke umqhafazo wefilimu uhlanganiswe ube yi-tube.
4. Umqulu ogoqiwe ufakwa ngokuqondile emgodini wokuhluma. Emva kokuhluma kwamaqabunga okuqala weqiniso, izithombo zotamatisi zidinga ukudonsa.

Abalimi abaningi abavumelani nezindlela ezinjalo ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, ngoba izithombo zibuthakathaka futhi zihlukaniswa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhi. Ikhula kuphela ngenxa yomswakama namandla enzalo ngokwazo.

Abanye balimi abanolwazi basebenzisa indlela ephansi yokusakaza.. Isisekelo saso ukuthi amahlumela amaningi enempilo atholakala enzalweni eyodwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zama-hybrid ezibizayo.

Uma ihlumela elincane likhula lifika ku-20 cm, phezulu kunqunywe ngaphezu kweqabunga lokuqala lamaqabunga eqiniso. Sika impande ku-powder bese uyifaka emanzini, maduzane iyoba nezimpande. Isiqu esinqunyiwe maduzane sizohlinzeka amahlumela engeziwe kusuka kuma-internodes.

Le ndlela yenzalo eyodwa ikhule kuze kube ngu-10., okuyinto, ngokuya endleleni, isivuno ngokushesha kunaleyo ekhulile ngokwemvelo.

Ukulungiselela

Indawo kanye nesitsha

Iyiphi iwindi engcono yokutshala, indlela yokukhetha indawo endlini? Indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala izithombo zamatamatisi kubhekwa njengamafasitela aseningizimu.. Uma amafasitela angasentshonalanga noma ecaleni lasempumalanga, kuyodingeka ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi i-sill iwindi ayifihliwe izihlahla.

Indawo lapho izithombo ezobe khona kufanele zifudumele. Amazinga okushisa asemini yansuku zonke anama-18- + 25⁰С, amazinga okushisa ebusuku + angu-15⁰С.

Ukukhula okuvamile kudinga umswakama ophezulu, uncoma ukuphalaza nsuku zonke kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabathuthukisi. Yini engcono ukukhula izithombo? Ukuze iziqukathi zembewu zivumelane nanoma yisiphi isitsha esingenawo amanzi esinokuphakama okungenani okungama-15 cm. Abasimili basebenzisa iziqukathi zepulasitiki ngezimbande zabo ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo, izikhwama zemisipha, amabhokisi enkuni ngisho nezimbiza zezimbali. Ukulungiselela isitsha kudala imbobo yokugeleza phansi futhi indawo elula efasiteleni.

Imbewu

Ukulungiselela ukuhlwanyela impahla kuyisibopho, ngoba ukuhluma nokuvunwa esizayo kuxhomeke kuyo. Iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukukhethwa. Imbewu ihlungwa futhi isuswe mnyama, incane futhi igunwe. Uma uphonsa yonke imbewu emanzini afudumele anelisiwe, ikhwalithi izocwilisa, futhi ukungahambisani okungafanelekile phezulu. Ngemuva kohlobo olufanayo, bahlanza ngosawoti.
2. Ukufudumala. Ukuhluma kwempahla yembewu kuxhomeke ekufudumeni, nakuba izinhlobo ze-hybrid akudingeki zilandelwe kule nqubo. Imbewu ihlanganiswe ngendwangu futhi igcinwe emanzini afudumele (ku-thermos, kubhethri) okungenani izinsuku ezingu-2.
3. Ukususwa kwe-disinfection. Lungisa isisombululo esiphundu se-potassium permanganate, cwilisa imbewu emanzini ngamaminithi angu-15. Isikhathi eside sokucubungula singabalimaza. Ngaphandle kwama-manganese, i-phytosporin isetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo.

   Kubalulekile! Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufika. Izinto ezifakwe i-disinfected ayikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.

4. Ukuvusa. Ukuze imbewu ivuke futhi ikhuphuke masinyane, kuyisiko ukuyibeka ku-gauze emanzi amahora angu-24 Amanzi akufanele abe okuningi, udinga imvelo enomanzi. Phakathi nosuku, kumele basuke. Le ndlela yokuhamba imnandi ukuhlola imbewu endala, noma ukubangela ukungabaza. Uma kungekho zinguquko ezinsukwini ngosuku, cishe akunakwenyuka.
5. Ukuzikhandla. Ukwenza izithombo zesikhathi esizayo zibekezelele ukushisa kwezinga lokushisa, ubukhulu buzofakwa efrijini isikhathi esithile.

Umhlaba

Umhlabathi wezithombo zika utamatisi uthenge ngendlela ephelile noma uziphephe. I-substrate ethengiwe ethathwe ngesisekelo se-peat, inani lezici zokulandelela akufanele lidlule u-400 mg ngetitha ngalinye.

Futhi ulungise inhlabathi ngokufaka umhlabathi wesigodi nomhlabathi kusukela endaweni engenayo kuya endaweni esithengiwe. Zonke izingxenye zithatha ngobuningi obulinganayo futhi zixutshwe. Uma kungekho isifiso sokuthenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo, inhlabathi yezithombo isilungele kanje: thatha isihlabathi, i-humus nomhlabathi kusuka ensimini ngamasheya alinganayo bese uxuba.

Inhlabathi, ikakhulukazi uma iphekwe yedwa, idinga ukwelashwa nokucwiliswa. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi nge-disinfection:

• Ukugoba kuhhavini (Imizuzu engu-15 ekushiseni kwe-180-200 ° C) nokushisa kuhhavini ye-microwave (imizuzu emibili ngamandla amakhulu).
• Ukwelashwa kwamanzi abilayo (umhlaba, efakwe emgodini wezithombo, uchitheka ngamanzi abilayo kumaphesenti ambalwa) kanye ne-potassium permanganate.

Ukufeza ukushisa okungapheli ukuhlanganisa izindlela eziningana.

Indlela yokuqalisa ukuhlwanyela: imiyalelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

1. Isiqukathi esicocekile nesiphilisi se-anti-disinfectant sigcwaliswe nge-primer.
2. I-substrate ishicilelwe, i-tamped kancane futhi ifakwe emanzini. Inhlabathi akufanele ibanda.
3. Ngokuvamile utamatisi uhlwanyelwa emigqeni. I-Grooves ayijule ngaphezu kwe-1 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lisuka ku-3 kuya ku-5 cm. Uma imbewu itshalwe ezitsheni ezihlukene, ukujula komgodi kuyafana.
4. Imbewu ibekwe kude ka 2-3 cm. Emithonjeni ifaka imbewu eyodwa.
5. Imbewu ifafazwa ngendwangu encane yomhlaba (hhayi ngaphezu kwe-1 cm).
6. Emva kokuphuma, isitsha sigcwele ifilimu ukuze kugcinwe umswakama nokushisa.
7. Njengoba ukukhanya akubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zivele, ungafaka ibhokisi kunoma iyiphi indawo.
8. Uma lezi zinhlobo zezithombo eziphezulu ziyovela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-5.

Izitshalo ezifakwe kancane kancane, isikhathi eside singasidingi.. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukukhulisa izithombo ngokwesiko se-5X5, lapho ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa nehlumela okungenani li-5 cm, kuyilapho imbewu emibili ifakwa emigqeni yomugqa. Esikhathini esibekiwe, ukufika kuqhutshwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukutshala izihlahla ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kungenzeka ukugwema ukulimala okungadingekile ezimpandeni.

Ngezansi ungabuka ividiyo ngendlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-utamatisi ekhaya izithombo:

Ngesikhathi sokutshala?

Kuqala lapho uhlwanyela ngosuku lwekhalenda yenyanga kanye nemiyalo evela kumaphakheji enzalo. Isikhathi sokutshala ngaphambi kokutshala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo noma emhlabathini ovulekile kuyinyanga eyodwa nesigamu izinyanga ezimbili.

Ukuze bangalingani nemigomo, bacabangisisa ngezici ezihlukahlukene, nesifunda lapho bekhula khona.

• Utamatisi omude etshalwe ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
• Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala nephakathi nonyaka - Kusukela maphakathi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi.
• Izinhlobo ezindala - eminyakeni eyishumi kaFebhuwari.

Ukuze uzibonele isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, kufanele wazi ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani kusukela lapho amahlumela evela futhi ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Uma ugxila ezimweni zezulu zendawo ezihlukene, ke:

1. Eningizimu yeRussia, ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa kusukela ngoFebhuwari 20 kuya ku-Mashi 15 (etshalwe emgwaqweni kusukela ngo-Ephreli 15 kuya kuMeyi 20).
2. Ezindaweni eziyinhloko yezwe, utamatisi uhlwanyelwa kusukela ngoMashi 15 kuya ku-Ephreli 1 (etshalwe endaweni evulekile kusukela ngoMashi 15 kuya ku-Ephreli 1).
3. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho (iSiberia, i-Urals) - kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1 ukuya ku-15 (etshalwe emhlabathini noma zokugcina izithombo kusukela ngo-May 25 kuya ku-Juni 15).

Ukuze uthole ulwazi. Isikhathi sikhethiwe, ucabange, lapho amaqhwa okugcina ekhona, ukuhlwanyela kuqala izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambili.

Imithetho yokunakekelwa utamatisi abasha ekhaya

Ukunakekela utamatisi abasha kuhlanganisa:

• Ukukhanyisa. Masinyane emva kokuhluma, amahlumela adinga ukukhanya okuhle. Ngakho-ke, zifakwa efayeleni elikhanyayo kunazo zonke. Uma ukukhanya kuphansi, sebenzisa izibani.
• Ukunisela. Izithombo zidinga umswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke ifilimu ayisusiwe ngokushesha emva kokuhluma, kodwa kancane kancane. Ukunisela kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngendlela yokuthi ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba alomile, kodwa akufanele kube khona nanoma iyiphi inhlanzi. Ukuze ungahlanza izimpande ezibuthakathaka ezingaphansi komhlaba, zithelela ngokucophelela, ngqo ngaphansi kwezimpande.
• Ukushayela umoya. Ezinsukwini ezifudumele kuyadingeka ukwenza izithombo zomoya omusha. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwama-degrees angu-15, amahlumela azothola ukuqina okudingekayo nokumelene nokukhanya kwelanga.
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Umanyolo wokuqala usetshenziswe emavikini amabili emva kokuhluma. Futhi esikhathini esizayo njalo ngesonto. Kunconywa ukuba ungasebenzisi ama-amakhemikhali, kodwa ukusebenzisa ama-organic fertilizer (umquba, utshani) noma i-biohumus.

Ungathola kanjani amahlumela okuhle ngokushesha?

Ukuhluma okusheshayo nokukhula kotamatisi besebenzisa abagqugquzeli bokukhula (i-natural - lye ne-ash ash, namakhemikhali - i-Epin, iZircon, njll). Inhlabathi ilungelekile kangangokuthi iyinto evulekile, enomsoco futhi ephefumula kahle.

Ukuqhuma kuyasetshenziswa ukwenza imbewu ivuke futhi ihlume masinyane. Lokhu kusho ukususwa kwamafutha abalulekile avela enzalweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu igonywa emanzini amahora angu-12 futhi ivuselelwe njalo ukuze amanzi agcwele umoya-mpilo. Kunzima ukuzuza ukucebisa njalo oksijini, ngoba lokhu kusebenzisa i-aquarium compressor.

Ungathola kanjani amahlumela enempilo enhle?

Ukuze izithombo zibe namandla futhi zilandele, zilandela ngokuqinile imithetho yokuhlwanyela, ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi nokunakekelwa. Ku-substrate, kuyadingeka ukwengeza umhlaba kusukela engadiniukuze lapho ukutshala izitshalo kungaboni ukucindezeleka. Imbewu ikhetha ukufakazelwa nokukhwalithi.

Melana nemibandela yokushisa nokuchelela. Okokuqala, isibhamu sophethiza sizokwenza, futhi emva kokuqinisa uhlelo lwempande kungamanzi (amanzi afudumele kuphela athathwa). Esikhathini esitshalweni asizange sithele futhi asizange buthakathaka, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukudonsa ngesikhathi esifanele.

Amathiphu wabaqalayo

• Ukuze uvikele izitshalo zesikhathi esizayo ezifweni eziningi, kunconywa ukuba uziphathe nge-garlic tincture noma i-sulfate yethusi (isixazululo esingu-0.15%). Kukholelwa ukuthi inqubo enjalo iyilungelo lokuvimbela ukulimala okuphelile.
• Ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuzosiza ukusheshisa ukukhula kwezithombo. Ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuhluma, isibani sivuliwe amahora angu-16.
• Ukuqina okuphoqelelwe kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Okokuqala, izitshalo zithathwa emoyeni omusha ihora noma ezimbili, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa - amahora angu-6-8. Ngemuva kokuqina, izitshalo zihambela ngokushesha endaweni entsha.
• Ngesikhathi sokutshala, utamatisi kufanele abe namaqabunga ayiqiniso angu-8-10 kanye nokuphakama kwama-25 cm.

Isithombe

Hlola izithombe zemithi enamatamatisi enempilo:

Khetha

Uma kwenzeka ukuhlwanyela okukhulu, ukukhipha kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu-7-10 emva kokudubula. Ukuze uthole ukushintshwa, ihlumela lisuswe enhlabathini enezinyosi ngqo nge-clod yenhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo sifakwa esitsheni esisodwa (izinkomishi zasepulasitiki zika-200 g zifanelekile). Emva kwalokhu, amahlumela adliwe ngamanyolo we-nitrogenous.

Khona-ke ungabuka ividiyo ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani isithombo:

Nini ukufakelwa kabusha?

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-45-60 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhluma, izithombo ziqala ukuphonsa izimbali. Ngalesi sikhathi kuyadingeka ukutshala izitshalo endaweni yokushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile.

1. Inhlabathi ilungiselwe kusengaphambili, ikhululiwe, ifakwe umquba, ichithekile.
2. Izikhonkwane ezihlahleni zenza kude no-30 -40 cm.
3. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha komhlaba kuphuziswa, isitshalo singcwatshwe ngamasentimitha ambalwa noma emaqabunga owokuqala. Izimpande ezengeziwe zizovela maduzane endaweni engezansi ye-stem.
4. Lesi sitshalo sifafazwa umhlaba, sihlanganiswe futhi siphuziswa ngamanzi afudumele.

Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala utamatisi ekhaya akulula. Uma wenza yonke imisebenzi ngesikhathi esifanele futhi unikeze izimo ezifanele, ngisho nomgadi wensimu ye-novice uzokwazi ukuthola izithombo eziphezulu futhi eziphilile efasiteleni.