I-Stalk (cerastium) isitshalo esidala i-herbaceous emndenini we-clove. Yaqala ukutholakala eNhlonhlo yeBalkan, kepha imbali ikhula ngempumelelo e-Eurasia, e-Afrika nase-Australia. Utshalwa eRussia. Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Isici esiyingqayizivele iziqu zesiliva namahlamvu, kanye nezimbali ezimhlophe qhwa. Amathanga okhipha izinguzunga zifana nokhaphethi weqhwa. Noma ngabe ukuqhakaza sekudlulile, ikhava elingavamile lidonsela ukunakwa okuningi futhi liphikelela kuze kube yiqhwa. Isiqu sinika ukubukeka okuhle kwezwe. Akunzima ukumnakekela, vele ufunde imithetho embalwa elula.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Staplefly yohlobo lwesitshalo ifaka izitshalo ze-herbaceous zonyaka nezonyaka. Imbali leyo yondliwa yisigqi esinemibala emibalabala. Kubhekwa njengamandla amakhulu ngenxa yamagatsha aqonde phezulu, okuvumela ukuthi isiqu sisabalale ngamabanga amade. Amagatsha akhiphayo, aqondile noma akhuphukayo asuka kwisisekelo. Leli hlazo lidwetshwe ngotshani obuluhlaza besiliva futhi kumbozwe nge-pubescence emfushane.
Amacembe aphikisayo ahlala aqinile esiqwini noma abe nama-petioles amafushane. Ipuleti leqabunga le-oval, ovoid noma le-lanceolate likhonjwa ekugcineni futhi linemiphetho eqinile. Amagqabi angafakwa ngopende oluhlaza okotshani noma ngesiliva. Kunezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga angenalutho noma ama-pubescent amaqabunga. Ukuze kube lula ukutholakala kwamahlamvu, isiqu kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi "izindlebe zegundane".
Kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi, izimbali eziningi futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside ziqala. Izimbali zingaphinde zivele ngoJulayi. I-buds itholakala emaphethelweni amahlumela. Ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha angama-1-2. I-corolla iqukethe amacembe amahlanu kanye nomongo ngesimo sekholomu emfishane futhi emifushane. Ekupheleni komgogodla, kuvela i-branching ngesimo senkanyezi enamaphoyinti amahlanu. Amacembe amhlophe ambozwe ngemicu emide emide eluhlaza noma nsundu. Ukusuka onqenqemeni lwamaphayini cishe kuya phakathi kukhona ukusikeka.
Njengomphumela wokuvundiswa kwezithelo, izithelo ziyavuthwa - ibhokisi lembewu lokuma kwesylylindrical. Inembewu enezimpondo enobuso obumnyama. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi igama lesiLatini elithi "cerastium" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "imbali enezimpondo".
Izinhlobo zezindiza
Uhlobo lweJapolis luningi kakhulu, kepha abalimi basekhaya ikakhulukazi bathanda izinhlobo ezimbalwa zokuhlobisa.
Isiqu sensimu (cerastium vulgaris). Isitshalo se-shrub esifinyelela ku-40 cm ukuphakama sinamahlumela aluhlaza omnyama namaqabunga. Zimbozwe ngama-pubescence amafushane, anzima. Incwajana ezinwebekile noma ezi-ovoid zinama-petioles amancane. Izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe zeqhwa ezinomgogodla ophuzi zivulwa ngoMeyi futhi zihlala izinyanga ezi-4.
Umzwilili uzwakala. Isitshalo se-herbaceous esingu-20-30 cm ukuphakama simbozwe ngembobo yesiliva enomuzwa. Kubo bonke ubude bez amahlumela kukhona amaqabunga amancane e-lanceolate. Izimbali ziqala ngoMeyi futhi zihlala izinsuku ezingama-35. Ububanzi bezimbali ezimhlophe qhwa lingaphansi kuka-1 cm. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhula kancane futhi cishe azikhulisi impahla yazo.
Isikhuhli sikaBieberstein. Isembozo somhlabathi sakha ikhethini eliminyene, lomcamelo-lifinyelela ku-20 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani oluhlaza ogqamile kanye neziqu zimbozwe ngenqwaba emifushane kodwa eminyene yensimbi. Emikhawulweni yeziqu, kuqhuma izambulela ezincane ezigeleza izambulela ezincane. Ububanzi be-corolla bungaba ngu-1.5 cm.Uqhakaza ngoMeyi nangoJuni. Ikhula ngentshiseko futhi idinga imikhawulo eqinile.
Isiqu se-Alpine. Izitshalo zakha, izihlahla ezihlotshisiwe ezifika ku-15 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga amise okotshani weqanda abunjiwe abekwe kulo lonke ubude bez amahlumela. Izimbali ezinobubanzi obungafika ku-2 cm ukuqhuma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ama-petals ahlakazeke ngokuqinile zaba izingxenye ezimbili.
Izindlela zokuzala
Indlela ejwayelekile futhi elula kunazo zonke yokwandisa ukhula ngokuhlwanyela imbewu. Emhlabathini ovulekile, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngo-Okthoba noma maphakathi no-Ephreli. NgoMashi, ungahlwanyela isitshalo sezithombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa iziqukathi ezinomhlabathi okhanyayo, ovundile. Imbewu encane isatshalaliswa phezulu bese inyusa inhlabathi. Isitsha kufanele sibekwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle futhi sigcinwe ekushiseni kwe + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Amahlumela avela ngosuku lweshumi. Kubalulekile ukunisela izitshalo ngokucophelela okukhulu ukuze zingaboli. Lapho izithombo zikhula zibe ngu-5 cm ukuphakama, zidonswa ezimbizeni ezihlukene zezitshalo ezingama-2-3. Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zitshalwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Izinhlobo zasendulo zemashi zingasakazwa ngezindlela zemifino:
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Entwasahlobo, lapho izitshalo zisaqala ukuvuka, ingxenye yekhethini ihlukaniswe futhi, kanye nenqwaba yomhlaba, idluliselwa endaweni entsha.
- Ukusika kwe-midzi Inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, noma ngo-Agasti, ngemuva kokuphothulwa. Iziqu ezisikiwe zigxile emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngosuku olwandulela ukusikwa, isiqu siniselwa kakhulu ukuze amahlumela agcwele umswakama. Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezimpande, izithombo zigcinwa ngaphansi kwehod.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Ukuze isiqu sikhule sibe ikhethini elihle, kubalulekile ukunakekela ukukhetha kwendawo nekhwalithi yenhlabathi. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula futhi ibe buthuntu. Kufanele kudwetshwe ngaphambi kobubanzi obuyi-15-20 cm bese kuhlukaniswa imichilo emikhulu. Kwinhlabathi evundayo, enamathela noma enesihlabathi esikhulu, udinga ukwenza umquba, umquba ojikelezayo kanye nesikhwanyana esincane. Inhlabathi esindayo ixutshwa nengxenye enkulu yesihlabathi somfula. Amabhasi atshalwe emigodini emincane ehlukene ngebanga elingama-25-30 cm. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo kufanele ziniselwe kaningi.
Ngenxa yenqwaba eminyene, isiqu asihlushwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Uthanda izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle futhi angagula emthunzini oyingxenye noma ezindaweni ezinezithunzi eziningi. Ngenxa yomjuluko omningi futhi ongaphansi komhlaba, okusalungiswa nokuvunguza komoya onamandla akumesabi.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukunakekela isiqu kulula ngokwanele. Kufanele iniselwe kakhulu ngokulinganisela. Kungafakwa kuphela inani elincane lamanzi ngaphansi kokuphakama kuphela lapho kushisa ngokweqile. Lesi sitshalo siyamelana nesomiso futhi imvamisa okuqukethwe imvula yemvelo.
Kunconywa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuba kukhululwe inhlabathi eduze kwesitshalo. Lokhu kusiza umoya ukungena ezimpandeni futhi kuqede nokhula. Ukuze inhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela ingambozwe ngokhuni, kufanele ifakwe emanzini entwasahlobo.
Emhlabeni ovundile, isiqu asidingi umanyolo. Izitshalo ezibuthakathaka zingondliwa kanye ngenkathi yezimbali. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izingoma zamaminerali zezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Kancane kancane, ukhipha izimbotshana ze-landcover futhi zibukeke zingalungile kangako. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, entwasahlobo, isiqu sisikwa sibe yingxenye yobude bamahlumela.
Isiqu siyamelana ngisho namaqandeni amakhulu. Ubusika abusenandawo yokuhlala enkabeni yeRussia kanye nasenyakatho. Uma usebenzisa ifilimu, amahlathi angashada futhi afe. Ngokulindela ubusika obunokhahlo nobungenazithambo, amasimu ambozwe ngamagatsha ayi-spruce. Entwasahlobo, izimpande kwesinye isikhathi zibola ngenxa yomswakama owedlulele ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa.
Isiqu siyamelana nezifo futhi asithintwa yizilokazane. Kungagxiliwa kuphela ngokujikijelana kwamanzi njalo emhlabathini.
Sebenzisa
Lesi sitshalo yisembozo esihle kakhulu. Zivame ukuhlotshiswa ngemithambeka, ngotshani kanye nezindawo ezingadini ezivulekile. Izinhlobo zesiliva ezikhula kancane zilungele ukwakheka kwama-slides e-alpine, ama-rockeries noma ama-mixbord. Uma ubukhulu besakhiwo sivumela, kufanelekile ukunikela nge-spruce indawo enkulu. Kwakha isembozo esimangalisa kakhulu, lapho ezindaweni ezinkulu sithola i-charm ekhethekile. Ehlobo elishisayo, amahlobezi afana ngokumangazayo neziqhwa zeqhwa ezifudumele.
I-stingray ihamba kahle ngama-tulips, ama-daffodils, i-calendula, i-daisies, ama-stonecrop kanye nezinsimbi. Lapho udweba ukuhlelwa kwezimbali, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi isiqu sikhula ngokushesha. Ingaziphatha ngokhahlo kwezinye izitshalo.
Kuyisiko ukutshala imbali hhayi kuphela emhlabathini ovulekile. Ethafeni noma kuvulandi, izimbali ezinezimbali ezinlengalenga yesiliva zibukeka kahle. Izimbali ezinamakha amancane kufanele zibekwe eduze nendawo yokuphumula.
Izinzuzo ze-hawthorn
Zonke izingxenye zesigaxa sicebile ngama-saponins, ama-coumarins, ama-phenolcarboxylic acid, nama-flavonoids. Ukuvunwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Ama-decoctions asetshenziswa njenge-sedative, kanye nokubuyisa ukungasebenzi komzimba, ukulwa nokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin, i-conjunctivitis kanye ne-hemorrhoids. Emithini yesintu, utshani besiqu buyasetshenziswa ukuvikela umdlavuza.
