Ibanga le-summer samoplodny elinambitheka kakhulu - i-pearl Nursery.

Umuthi we-pear ungomunye wezihlahla zezithelo ezidumile kunazo zonke phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur.

Ososayensi bezikhungo zokuzalanisa ngokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezinhlamvu zikhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zamapheya.

Enye yalezi zinhlobonhlobo yi-Junior pear ehlukahlukene.

Uhlobo luni?

Kuye ngesikhathi sezithelo zokuvuthwa kwepeyari zihlukaniswe ngehlobo, ekwindla nasebusika. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezingane "Izingane" libhekisela ukubuka kwehlobo. Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene zivuthwa ehlobo, kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya phakathi no-Agasti.

Izinhlobo zasehlobo zihlanganisa iDuchess, Chizhovskaya, Carmen, Moscow Early and Orlovskaya Summer.

Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa

Ibanga elithi "Nursery" lalethwa abalimi abaziwayo I-Yu.A. I-Petrov ne-N.V. Efimova ku-All-Russian Breeding and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery (VSTISP), eMoscow.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zatholakala ngokuwela inombolo ye-hybridi e-interspecific enezinhlobo ze-pear Ezichitha ihlobo.

Ngokuyinhloko, ezihlukahlukene zihanjiswa kulezi zizabelo EMoscow nasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane. Lezi zihlukahlukene zenzelwe Isifunda esiPhakathi.

Kulesi sifundazwe, izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya eGera, iCathhedral, iKrasnobokaya, u-Elena noVernaya zikhula kahle.

Iphakathi kwe "Izingane": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe

Ukuphakama kwesihlahla - eliphezulu, futhi i-pear "Izingane" ihluke ekuqineni. Umqhele wabo we-pyramidal unamagatsha ambalwa, kodwa anamandla anenqwaba ye-annuli; Ukulimala kugxila kuzo.

Amahlumela esihlahla aqondile, aqinile, anesibhakabhaka embala. Amaqabunga aluhlaza obomvu anemiphetho encane ahlelekile, afakwe oval.

Izithelo ezilinganiselwe (cishe 80 g), eliphakathi kwe-pear. Unombala ophuzi, njengombala oyinhloko, ne-coverlip yi-blush e-pink-orange.

Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo futhi ubone amapheya "Izingane" zingaba esithombeni ngezansi:

Izici

Izinhlobo zokukhiqiza "Izingane" ezivamile futhi eziphakeme. Ukuvuna kuqala iminyaka engu-4-5 ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuboshwa.

Izinhlobo ezivunyiwe eziphezulu ziphinde zibe noNoyabrskaya, Lada, Pamyati Zhegalova, Yakovlevskaya noVernaya.

Ukuhlukahluka kubhekwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngoba izithelo zivela ngaphambili kunezinye izihlahla.

Kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo Amapheya alezi zinhlobonhlobo sicela abanikazi ngokuvuna kwabo. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithelo azigcini emthini futhi zizisuse ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okubonakalayo.

I-pulp yesithelo isuke enomsoco futhi enomnandi kakhulu. Izithelo zisetshenziswa jikelele. Zidliwa amasha, ama-compotes abilisiwe, alondoloza kanye nama-jams. Zigcinwa kahle emakhazeni. Esikhathini esiqandisini singahlala singadliwa cishe inyanga eyodwa.

Ibanga "Izingane" - ukumelana nesithwathwa. Imithi ingasinda ekushiseni okuphansi ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Spring frosts emva kokuncibilikisa, nazo zibekezelela. Bayakwazi ukuhlala ephakeme emazingeni okushisa ehlobo.. Ukufa ngesikhathi sesomiso akusongeli lezi zihlukahlukene.

Izinhlobonhlobo "Izingane" zizenzekelayo, ngakho-ke izihlahla azidingi izinambuzane ezengeziwe zokufumbaza.

Kubekezelela kahle izimo zezulu ezihlukene kanti izinhlobo ezinjalo yi-Autumn Yakovlev, Marble, Lira, Moskvichka ne-Forest Beauty.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

• Ukufika
  Ukutshala izithombo ezitholakale e-nursery, endaweni enomphela ingenye yezigaba eziyisisekelo.

  Kuye ngokuthi umuthi utshalwe kanjani kahle, impilo yakhe izogeleza.

  Ukutshala okufanelekile kwenzalo kufaka intuthuko ephumelelayo yomuthi, isikhathi sokuqala kwe-fruiting kanye nokunambitheka kwesithelo ikakhulu kuxhomeke kulokhu.

  Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kule nqubo.

  Lapho uthenga isithombo kufanelekile ukukhumbula lokho best baphile nabantwana. Izimpande zezithombo zaminyaka yonke zalimala kancane ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha.

  Ukutshala kuhle kakhulu kwentwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho umhlaba unqamuka ngokwanele ukumba umgodi wokufika. Esimweni lapho ukuthengwa kwesineke kuthengwa ekwindla, Ungakwazi ukuyibeka kuqala kuze kufike entwasahlobo.

  Uma ukufika kuhlelwe ngaphambilini, ke izimbiza kufanele zigukwe ekwindla ukuze inhlabathi ibe khona. Ukuze ibanga elithi "Izingane" livumelekile ukufeza ukuwa, ngoba ibanga ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwafuthi ukushisa okuphansi akukwazi ukulimaza izithombo.

  Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha indawo ensimini. Kumele kube kuhle futhi kube namazinga aphansi angaphansi komhlaba.. Indawo emanzi kakhulu ngeke isebenze. Izimpande zomuthi akufanele zihlale njalo emanzini. Lokhu kuzoholela ekubola kwabo.

  Kudingekile ukuthi uqale ukufika lapho kudingeka khona ukumba ukufika umgodi 50-60 cm ejulile futhi cishe imitha eyodwa ububanzi. Uhlelo lwempande lomuthi luzokhula emgodini iminyaka embalwa yokuqala, ngakho-ke kufanele lunikezwe nazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo.

  Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza inhlabathi yokuvuna yomhlabathi ne-humus (ibhakede elilodwa). Ukuze uthole ukukhula okusheshayo nokufanele ungakwazi ukwengeza 200 g we-superphosphate, 50 g we-ammonium nitrate kanye no-100 g we-potassium sulfate.

  KUBALULEKILE: Ungasebenzisi umquba omusha esikhundleni se-humus. Uzofaka isandla eqinisweni lokuthi izimpande zomuthi ziyashisa.

  Ngemuva kokuba umgodi ugcwale futhi ugcwale izakhi, intaba encane yomhlaba kufanele ithulwe phansi emgodini. Beka ipulazi kuso, usakaze ngokucophelela izimpande entabeni bese uyimboza ngenhlabathi.

  Uma kunamabhulebhu emoyeni emgodini wokufika, lokhu kungaholela ezimpandeni kuqala ukubola.

  Uma ulele, kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphuza umhlaba ogcwele amanzi. Kuzohlanza inhlabathi kusukela ezimpandeni, umhlaba uzohlanganiswa futhi ugcwalise umoya owenziwe umoya. Vula izithombo ezikhohlisiwe ohlangothini oluseningizimu ukuze zihambelane uma zifinyelela ilanga.

  Uma umuthi utshalwe, uwu kufanele iboshwe kukhonkwane. Umoya ngeke ugijime isiteji, futhi izimpande zawo zizohlala esimweni esinqunyiwe. Lokhu kuzomsiza ukuba ahlale endaweni entsha kangcono futhi ngokushesha.

  Izwe elizungeze isithombo kungcono hhayi ukunyathela phansi. Inhlabathi ehlanganiswe kakhulu izobopha i-oxygen edingekayo ekuthuthukiseni izimpande.

• Ukwakheka komqhele

  Izinhlobo zemithi "Izingane" zide. Ngakho-ke, kudinga ukusika izihlahla. Amagatsha amaningi kanye namahlumela avimbela ukukhanya kwelanga ukungene ngaphakathi komqhele wesihlahla. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhula kwezimbali, kubambezela ukuqala kwe-fruiting, kunciphisa isivuno, kuphazamise ukunambitheka kwezithelo.

  Qala ukwakheka komqhele kuyadingeka Ngokushesha, ngokushesha lapho isithombo sinqunyelwe indawo engapheliyo.Izihlahla ezincane zingakha umqhele ukuguqa phansi noma ukuphazamisa amagatsha. Kulolu hlelo lokusebenza ama-spacers noma ahlanganiswe ne-twine. Amahlumela akhula nge-angle acute ahlelwe ngama-struts.

  Futhi ukukhula engxenyeni ye-obtuse kudonsela ku-trunk, kuboshwe ngentambo noma ngentambo. Amagxolo omuthi kufanele avikelwe nge-gaskets eyenziwe ngezinto ezinzima.

  Ngemva kwalokho, bahloma ngeso lengqondo. Ukudubula akuyona into enhle kakhulu empilweni yepeyari, ngakho-ke le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ekwakheni umqhele wepeyari.

  Ukunciphisa kuyinto noma ukunciphisa amahlumela, noma ukunciphisa amagatsha. Amahlumela adinga ukusika izinso. Amagatsha amakhulu asuswa ezinyathelweni ezimbili: okokuqala, unqume amagatsha amaningi, bese uqeda konke okunye.

  

  Lapho wenza umqhele Amagatsha ama-5-6 amagatsha asetshenziswayo asele. Amahlumela asemaceleni e-stem awafanelanga wona. Lapho leli peyara lizothela izithelo, la magatsha angaphula ngaphansi kwesisindo sesithelo.

  Amagatsha amakhulu esihlokweni somuthi wezithelo angamagatsha we-lower tier. Kumakhethi akhethe amahlumela ama-3 esiqhingini se-stem.

  I-tier elandelayo ikhiwa ngemuva kokuthi amagatsha aphansi asuke athuthukile ngokwanele futhi azoqala ukuthola amandla. Ukwakha abathintekayo abathathu nabalandelayo babone umqhubi ophakathi.

  Izihlahla kufanele zenziwe entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokugeleza kwezitshalo zezitshalo, noma sekwephuzile ukuwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngethuluzi elikhali nelihlanzekile. Ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo kwamanxeba esihlahleni kuncike kuso.

  Umqhele wepeyari wenziwa cishe eminyakeni emihlanu. Ngemuva kokuba umuthi usungulwe kahle, kuphela okuthiwa ukuhlanza ukuhlanza okuhlanzekile kwenziwa - amagatsha amadala, aphukile noma aphethwe yisifo asuswa.

• Ingabe kufanele ngivale ebusika?

  Iphakathi kwe "Izingane" - ibanga elingenqamuki. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe azidingi ukufudumala. Izihlahla ezincane zingasetshenziswa: Umbuthano we-trunk kufanele uhlanganiswe nezinto ezifanele (i-peat, sawdust, umquba), ama-spuds kufanele aphakanyiswe, futhi i-trunk kufanele ihlanganiswe namagatsha ase-spruce.

• Ukunisela
  Kudingekile ukuphuza umuthi lapho umhlabathi womjikelezo we-trunk usomile. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

  Uma inhlabathi ezungeze umuthi imanzi ngokwanele ngenxa yabo, akudingekile ukuyihambisa ngokungeziwe.

  Ukudlula kwamanzi kuholela ekuboleni izimpande. Ukungahambi kahle ukuthi umuthi ukhula kancane, i-fruiting ibambezelekile, isivuno sinciphile.

• Ukugqoka okuphezulu

  Yonke insimu ifuna ukuthi umuthi wesithelo ungene ensimini yakhe ngokushesha, futhi uqale ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha. Ukukhula okusheshayo kwamapheya kanye nokuqala kokuqala kwe-fruiting yayo, umuthi kufanele udliwe nge-nitrogen.

  Ngalokhu udinga ukusakaza cishe 50 g we-ammonium nitrate ezungeze isihlahla somuthi bese umba. Amakhemikhali e-nitrate azoqedwa ngenxa yobuningi futhi ayoba nenzuzo.

  Kunconywa ukuba ukondle umuthi nge-humid humate. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kathathu: ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwe-bud, bese ngo-Julayi, bese kuthi ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwandeni kwamahlumela namahlamvu.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Iphakathi kwe "Izingane" ukumelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal. Kodwa kungonakaliswa izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zezilwanyana - i-moth eliphakathi kwe-pear, i-peite mite, i-pear honey cage (leafblock).

Ukuphikiswa kwezifo eziyinhloko kune-Wonderful, Svetlyanka, Bere Bosk, Tatiana neSvarog.

Ukulwa nabo ukusetshenziswa imithi inteksitsidichesky isenzo Lezi zihlanganisa "Malathion", "Metaphosis", "Kelifos", njll..

Ukuphalaza kufanele kwenziwe ngosuku olumile olungenamandla. Lokhu kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ihlumela liqale ukukhula. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqeda izilokazane ezihlaselwa phansi kwesihlahla nasemagqabeni ayo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umuthi uphinde uphefwe.

Izinambuzane zezinambuzane zanda ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sehlobo kungenziwa izizukulwane eziningana. Bakha amaqabunga, baphanga izithelo, amagatsha kanye namahlumela esihlahla.

Uma ungalwi izinambuzane, umuthi uzoqala ukubola futhi ungafa kamuva.

Ukuze uvikele ingadi yakho ezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukuthi wenze izinyathelo zokuzivikela njalo ngonyaka. Kufanele uhlole njalo amagxolo, amaqabunga nezithelo zomuthi.

Uma kunoma yikuphi ushintsho ekubukeni kwabo, kufanelekile ukupuniza leli peyari. Ukuphalaza okuvimbelayo nakho kuyasiza ekulwa nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.

Ekwindla udinga ukuqoqa wonke amaqabunga awile ngokushisa - Iningi lezinambuzane libheke emagqabeni awile. Udinga futhi ukumba umjikelezo we-trunk bese ugoba ngokujulile emhlabathini eduze kwesihlahla.

Iminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yokuphila komuthi, kuze kube yilapho igxolo phezu kwesiqu liqinile, kudingekile ukuvikela izihlahla kusuka kumagundane. Ukwenza lokhu, bagoqa isihlahla somuthi enezinto ezinomsoco. Isibonelo, thina. Kodwa i-trunk kumele ihlanganiswe kuqala emaphephandabeni ukuze impahla yokuphahla ingangeni emathangeni omuthi.

• Izithelo mite
  Lezi zinambuzane zithatha zonke izakhi ezivela emaceleni esihlahla. Amaqabunga aqala ukuma nokuwa.

  Lokhu kuthinta kabi ukubunjwa kwezithelo nokuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla ngokujwayelekile.

  Kuyadingeka ukuba uhlakaze kule nkathazo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwefihlekile nomuthi "Karbofos" noma enye inteksitsid.

• 

  I-Pear mothLena butterfly encane enamaphiko amnyama ngaphambili.

  Ubeka amaqanda ngaphakathi kwezithelo.

  Ukuze umsebenzi wawo, ezihlukahlukene "Dzhejnya" kuyinto ekahle ngoba I-moth iyingozi ezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear - izithelo zinezinga elithambile futhi kulula ukungena.

  Izithelo ezilimaziwe zomile futhi ziyawa.

  Ukuze silwe nevemvane, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, ukumba isihlahla somuthi ekwindla bese ushisa amaqabunga awile, lapho izinambuzane zihamba khona ebusika. Kungaphathwa nge-benzophosphate.

• Inundu yasebusika
  Ibeka amaqanda emifantwini emagqumeni namagatsha noma eduze namafihlethi. Ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale umuthi ovuthiwe kubonakala sengathi izibungu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

  Bondla amaqabunga, izimbali kanye namaqabunga amapheya. Ukuze balwe nama-moths, baphatha ngama-insecticide ngaphambi kokuba bathele izihlahla.

• I-Pear Copper
  Kuyinto fly encane. Abantu abadala kanye nezimpungushe zabo bayamunca isilili esitokisini kusukela emaqabungeni nasemigqabeni yomuthi.

  Njengomphumela womsebenzi wabo, izimbali ziyafa, i-ovary iyawa futhi amaqabunga aphakathi kwawo aphelile. Ukubhujiswa kwalo kubuye kusetshenziswe i-inteksitsid.

Isiphetho

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhluzane "Izingane" zifanelwe kahle ingadi yomuntu siqu.

Ububi bezinhlobonhlobo buyisayizi encane yesithelo kanye nesidingo sokwenza umqhele wesihlahla.

Kodwa lokhu kuyakunqunywa ukunambitheka okuhle kwesithelo nokuhambisana kwayo.

Futhi futhi ukuvuthwa zakuqala kakhulu izithelo nokuningi fruiting. Yingakho lezi zihlukahlukene zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.