I-Ash wood yayisetshenziswa ngisho nokhokho bethu ukwakha amathuluzi okulwa kanye namashini e-elastic for izikhali ezibandayo.
Njengamanje, umuthi utshalwe njengento ehlobisa yensimu, izithelo zomlotha zisetshenziselwa ukudla, futhi amaqabunga namagxolo asetshenziselwa imithi.
Ash: Incazelo
Umlotha ovamile ungowomndeni wakwa-Olive. Lesi sihlahla, esinamamitha angaba ngu-30 ububanzi, ububanzi be-trunk - kuze kufike ku-1 m. Umqhele uvuswa kakhulu, ukuvuleka, amagxolo avuliwe aphezulu futhi agcwele "ukuphahlazeka" okuningi. Amaqabunga e-Ash anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-lanceolate noma i-oblong-ovate.
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila - cishe iminyaka engama-300 Nokho, bambalwa izihlahla eziphila kule minyaka ngenxa yezifo nezinambuzane.
Izithelo zomlotha "ingonyama" enenzalo ngaphakathi. Ngokwemvelo, isihlahla sihlakaza kokubili ngembewu nokubeka.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo ezihlobisa umlotha zivame kuphela ngokuxhunyelelwa ukuze kugcinwe izici ze-varietal.
Njengomthetho ukuhluma komlotha kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. Izimbali ziqala ngisho nangaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga, izimbali ezincane zivela emagatsheni, aqoqwe ama-panicles. Izimbali zinemibala emnyama noma zibomvu, zingaba yindoda, insikazi noma abantu abesilisa nabesifazane.Ukusetshenziswa komlotha okwakusakazelelwe emadolobheni asezindaweni zokuhlala kanye namapaki ngenxa yokungathobeki kwawo kanye nezici zesakhiwo sezinkuni. Inkuni ye-Ash ayinqamuki ekuqhekekeni, eguquguqukayo, enezikhwepha eziphezulu, ngakho-ke, uma kuneziphepho ezinamandla nesithwathwa esinzima, amagatsha esihlahla ayobhekana nokushaywa kwesimo sezulu esibi.
Ngakho-ke, umlotha womuthi ngokusho kwencazelo kanye nezici kufanelekile indima yokugcizelela okuyinhloko engadini. Ingasetshenziswa njengento ehlukanisayo yesayithi, noma "njengocingo oluphilayo" ukuvikela emelene nomsindo nothuli, uma itshalwe eduze komgwaqo.
Yini ethanda umlotha, lapho kungcono ukutshala umuthi
Njengoba sifunde ngendlela umuthi womlotha ubheka ngayo, siyaqhubeka nokukhetha indawo yokufika.
Izinkuni aziphikisi nje kuphela ukuqhutshwa komoya oqinile, kodwa futhi ukubhema noma igesi. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo esitshalwe eduze nomgwaqo ngeke silimale noma sikhule kabi. I-Ash ithandwa kakhulu endaweni ye-temperate, ngoba kungaba ukumelana namazinga okushisa kuya ku -40 ° C. Ukwenza umlotha uzizwe ukhululekile, Kudingeka ukuthi itshalwe endaweni enelanga. Akafunanga nje ukukhanya kuphela, kodwa futhi ekufuneni inhlabathi. Umuthi awuyikukhula enhlabathini noma emhlabathini owodwa.
I-Ash ayibekezelelani umswakama omile emhlabathini noma u-salin kakhulu ngokweqile, ngakho-ke, ngokutshala, kubalulekile ukukhetha inhlabathi encane e-asidi ekuphakameni noma ezindaweni lapho amanzi emhlabathini ephansi.
Ukutshala umlotha
Manje ake sikhulume ngendlela yokutshala umlotha. Umuthi uveza kokubili futhi ngokuvuthiwe. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuthenga umuthi womuthi womlotha kunokuba uthole imbewu enhle yokuhluma.
Izici zomlotha okhulayo kusuka kumbewu
Imbewu yonyaka odlule iyasetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela ehlobo; noma kunjalo, imbewu evuthiwe ingatshalwa ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, uma isimo sezulu sivumela.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emithanjeni, isondeza impahla yokutshala ngo-3-5 cm emhlabathini. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe u-8 g wezinhlamvu uthathwa ngomitha ngamunye we-furrow. Uma wenza ukuhlwanyela okukhulu, khona-ke ukuhlwanyela ihektare elilodwa okungenani 240 kg lokutshala impahla isetshenziswa.
Amahlumela okuqala avela ngoMeyi. Izitshalo zidinga ukunakekelwa, okubandakanya ukuhlwanyela ukhula, ukuchelela njalo kanye nokukhululeka okuncane kwenhlabathi (izikhathi ezingu-4-6 ehlobo).
Kubalulekile! Ebusika, indawo ngaphansi kwezitshalo ihlanganiswe ngesikhwama semifino noma ifilimu ekhethekile ukuze imbewu ingabhubhisi.Ngokwezibalo, izithombo ezingaba ngu-800 000 ezempilo zitholakala e-hektare elilodwa lezitshalo, ezineminyaka engama-2 zifakelwa kwenye indawo noma zivunyelwe ukudayiswa.
Ukukhuphuka komlotha okusuka kumbewu kudinga isikhathi esiningi kanye nezinsiza, okufanelekile kuphela uma kwenzeka "ukukhula okukhulu" ukuhlwanyela. Uma uhamba ukutshala izihlahla ezingu-1-2, kungcono ukuthenga isithombo kumanyolo noma emakethe.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala izithombo zomlotha
Kulula kakhulu ukutshala umuthi womlotha kusuka kumbewu kunokutshala imbewu. Ukuze uqale, lungiselela umgodi, okufanele ube yi-1/3 emikhulu kunebhola lobumba ku-rhizome. Ngaphansi komgodi kufanele kubekwe amanzi (amatshe, amatshe adwetshiwe noma igravel ehle), okufanele kube ngu-25% wokuphakama okuphelele komgodi.
Ngemuva kokulungiselela umgodi, kumele ugcwale ingxube yezakhi, equkethe inhlabathi enamagatsha, i-humus kanye nesihlabathi somfula ku-1: 2: 1.
Iphuzu elibalulekile: ngesikhathi sokutshala, i-rhizome kufanele ibe yi-10-15 cm ngaphezu komhlabathi ukuze emva kokuba inhlabathi ihlale, ingqimba yempande ayifinyelele emhlabathini.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, gcoba umgodi kahle ngamanzi, faka izinsizakalo ezizofakwa kuwo.
Kubalulekile! I-ash sapling ehlelwe emhlabathini ngokuqondile, ukuphambuka kunoma iyiphi indlela kuyobhubhisa umuthi.Ngemuva kokumisa umsila emgodini, gcwalisa izindawo ezingenalutho ngenhlanganisela yomhlabathi bese uyigubha phansi.
Sincoma ukuxuba isihlahla somuthi nge peat noma sawdust ukuze silondoloze umswakama emhlabathini futhi ukuvikela isinamathela kusuka ngokungazelelwe overcooling noma ukushisa phezu system impande.
Uma utshala izithombo eziningana zomlotha, gcina ibanga eliphephile elilinganayo 5 m imithi ende futhi 3-3.5 m imithi yezihlahla.
I-nuances yomlotha okhulayo: indlela yokunakekela isitshalo
Ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi nokuthi iziphi umlotha okhulayo, udinga ukudala i-microclimate efanayo e-dacha yakho ukuze umuthi uzuze konke okukudingayo futhi ube nesiguli esiphelele sezifo.
I-Ash yokuchelela
I-Ash idinga ukuchelela okuningi, kodwa inani lomswakama oyisebenzisayo emhlabathini kumele lifanane nezinto zokugeleza ze-substrate. Okusho ukuthi, uma umhlaba ungenakuthola umswakama owengeziwe, akudingekile ukukhukhula umuthi "ngokwemiyalelo".
I-Ash kufanele ithulwe kuphela ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima. Nokho, kufanelekile ukukhumbula lokho Izimila azikwazi ukuphuziswa ngomoya oqinile noma elangeni.
Kubalulekile! Uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ahamba ngokujule cishe ngo-1.5-2 m, khona-ke umuthi ngokwawo ungafinyelela umswakama obalulekile usebenzisa i-taproot yayo. Kulesi simo, ukuchelela kuyadingeka kuphela ehlobo nangamanani amancane.
Izinketho zokudla umlotha, indlela yokutshala isitshalo
Abalimi bezitshalo banesithakazelo ngokuqondene nombuzo wokunakekela umlotha, ukuze umuthi ungalimazi futhi ungathinteki yizinambuzane "ezivamile".
Njengomuntu, isihlahla sinomkhuhlane wayo, ngakho-ke sinamandla, Lesi sitshalo sidinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zemanyolo kanye nomanyolo. Njengoba ingxube yenhlabathi enomsoco owatshale lapho uhlwanyela isiliva, yanele iminyaka emibili, esikhathini esizayo, umlotha kufanele udliwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Entwasahlobo, u-2 kg wamanyolo, u-15 g we-urea kanye no-25 g we-calcium ne-ammonium nitrate futhi kunezingama ezingu-20 zamanzi. Okusho ukuthi, sivuthisa umuthi nge-feedings equkethe i-nitrogen.
Ekwindla, umuthi uthululwa nge nitroammophoska (20 g ngalinye ngamanzi angu-20 l).
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi, kuye ngokuthi ukuzala kwenhlabathi, inani lomanyolo lingase libe ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi. Ngakho lalela iseluleko sethu bese usebenzisa ulwazi lwakho.
Uyazi? Izidakamizwa ezisuka emlilweni zinama-hemostatic, tonic, antipyretic, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, i-laxative, i-antimicrobial, i-antispasmodic, i-antitussive, i-antirheumatic ne-anthelmintic.
Okubalulekile ukwazi uma ukusika umlotha
Ukudubula umlotha kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokubhakabhaka. Kususwe amagatsha asomile, efriziwe nesifo. Futhi, ukusika kungasiza ukwakha umqhele womumo oyifunayo.
Kufanele uqale ngokususa amahlumela aphansi. I-Shtamb isuswe ekuphakameni kwemitha engama-3.
Khona-ke wonke amahlumela amancane anesibindi ayasuswa, okuzayo esikhathini esizayo ngeke akwazi ukumelana nesisindo samaqabunga. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sihlahla sivame ukutshala amahlumela emanzini engxenyeni engezansi ye-trunk, okumele isuswe ngokushesha.
Kubalulekile! I-Ash ayibekezeli izihlahla, ngakho-ke ungathathwa ngokukhipha "amahlumela okungadingekile". Lo mthetho awusebenzi kumagatsha omile noma abagulayo.I-ash ayiyona isihlahla esingenasisekelo ngokutshala nokukhathalela, Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inhlabathi yenzani nokuphakama kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, lesi sihlahla sidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane okungenani.
Izifo nezinambuzane zomlotha
Izifo zomlotha zibangelwa ukuphuza okungalungile nokuntuleka kokufaka umquba, kanye nokudonsa okunamandla okushisa, ukungcola kwesayithi ngezinsalela ezibolile nezinambuzane ezinambuzane.
Umdlavuza we-cytophomic. Isifo se-fungal esithinta izinkuni namapulangwe. Izifo zenzeka emithini yomlotha oneminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu. Isihlahla sinokungalingani kokushisa, asibekezeli ukushisa okuqinile noma iqhwa. Njengoba izilonda zomdlavuza ezinamandla, umuthi umile.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nalesi sifo: ukusika ngokuhlanzekile kwezihlahla ezigulayo, izitshalo ezithuthukisiwe.
I-necrosis esithathelwanayo. Isifo se-fungal, esibhekene nemivimbo ye-band, ukufa kwegxolo kanye ne-cambium.
Izindlela zokulawula: ukuhluma kwentwasahlobo yezihlahla ngesisombululo se-3% se-ferrous sulfate, ukupuniza ngesikhathi sokukhula nesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube, izinyathelo zangasese nezempilo nokudla kwezihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Lesi sifo singadluliselwa kwezinye izihlahla engadini.
I-white finely fissured butt rot. Isifo esibi kakhulu somswakama, esihlasela ingxenye ephakathi kwesiqu futhi kwezinye izimo izimpande. I-fungus ihlasela izihlahla ezindala ezinezikhala noma eziqhekekile emagqabeni. Esikhathini sokugcina, izinkuni zokhuni ziwela phansi futhi umuthi umile. Ukubona lesi sifo akunakwenzeka, ngoba kulokhu udinga ukusika umuthi.
Izindlela zokulawula: ama-cuttings ahlanzekile, ama-smearing amaqabunga emagxolo kanye nezinkuni ngobumba noma ama-mix ekhethekile okuzivikela.
Uyazi? Ekhulwini le-18, izithelo ezingavuthiwe zomlotha zagcinwa eNgilandi, zithole ukudla okunomsoco wokudla imifino nezenyama..Manje sichaza ezinye izinambuzane ezithinta umlotha womuthi.
Zonke izinambuzane ezilimaza umlotha womuthi zihlala emagqumeni, ama-bast noma izinkuni, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuzibona ngokushesha.
I-beetle e-ash ash ekhanyayo. Inkathazo enobungozi yamagquma omlotha namagatsha. I-Lube-eater ibukeka ngendlela efanayo ne-beetle yamaMeyi, ikhule ibe yi-3 mm, futhi inemibala eluhlaza. I-beetle ibonakala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ithinta izihlahla ezinobuthakathaka noma ukungena ngemvume okusha. Amantombazane alala nezimpungushe emasimini, asekuvele ngoJuni abe abantu abadala. Uma umuthi uhlaselwa kabi yi-bug, khona-ke usongela "ukufa okungenakugwemeka." I-Luboed iyingozi kangangokuthi ingabhubhisa ukutshala okukhulu komlotha ngenkathi, ukuguqula izihlahla ezincane ukuba zidle izinkuni ezifile. 
Izindlela zokulawula: ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane ngesikhathi kuqala ukuhamba kwe-beetle ("Ampligo 150", "Enzio 247", "iKarate Zeon 050"); ukuheha izinyoni ezondla izimbungulu (ukufakwa kwabathengi); ukubeka izigibe ngoFebhuwari-Mashi.
I-Ash-tree emerald i-goldfish encane. Inambuzane ye-beetle ejwayelekile emvelo eChina, Korea naseJapane. I-Zlatka igwetshwe embala wombala we-marsh, ubude buba ngu-1 cm. Amantombazane abeka amaqanda ebusweni bamagxolo, emva kwalokho ama-larva angena phakathi kwe-bast. Ungaqaphela umsebenzi wezibungu emva kokususa amagxolo: ebusweni bezinkuni, izingxenye ezincane zizobonakala, lapho izibungu zihamba ngaphansi kwamagxolo. Izibhungane, ngokungafani nezimpungushe, ungondli emthini womuthi womlotha, kodwa emaqabunga awo, obangela umonakalo omkhulu emthini.
Izimpawu zokutheleleka: igxolo elincane, isihlahla esibuhlungu, i-yellowing ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izindlela zokulawula: ama-tampons ahambelana nokumiswa kwe-hexachlorane (100 g ngalinye 1 l amanzi) afakwa emaqenjini amasha, futhi emva kwalokho izimbobo zimbozwe ngobumba noma samakhemikhali; sishaye izitshalo ezinezixazululo ezingu-3% ze-chlorophos ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kuka-Juni.
Ukuze izihlahla zingalimazi futhi zingathinteki yizilokazane, zama ukuhlola okuvame ukwanda, ukumboza izikhala emagqumeni nasezinhlakeni, futhi ukhethe ukuhlanzwa kwemithi yezihlahla ezigulayo nezomile engadini. Khumbula ukuthi izifo eziningi nezinambuzane zivela ezivandeni ezingcolile, lapho ukuvunwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo kungakenziwa iminyaka. Unganikezi izinambuzane nezifo ithuba elingcono, futhi izitshalo zakho zizohlala ziphilile.
