Amaqiniso anentshisekelo mayelana nendawo yokuhlala yama-aphid. Yini okudingeka ukwazi nge-gardener yezinambuzane kanye nomlimi wensimu?

I-Aphid - izwe lokutshala i-vampire. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane ze-phytophages, ezingekho ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ubude, zibangela ukulimala okukhulu engadini, engadini, ezindaweni zokushisa nokushisa. Ziphuza ama-juices ezivela emithini yezithelo nezihlahla, zilimaza amahlumela amancane, amaqabunga, izithelo eziphazamisayo. Imfucumfucu ye-aphid enamathekisthi iyindawo yokuzalisa izifo ze-fungal, i-clog pores, inciphise ukuphefumula kanye nokudla kwezitshalo.

Indawo yezinambuzane emvelweni

I-Aphid inesidalwa esikhulu semvelo. Endalweni yemvelo yalezi zinambuzane zingatholakala:

1. Emvelo: ihlala efihlekile, amahlumela amancane, izithelo zensimu, izitshalo zensimu kanye nokhula.
2. Emoyeni: Lezi zinambuzane azikho ngaphandle kwesizathu esibizwa ngokuthi "i-air plankton". Abantu abadala baqoqa amasimu amasha, basakazeka ngezingcingo zomoya.
3. Emhlabathini: ingxenye yezinambuzane, phansi phansi isiqu kuya ezimpandeni zezitshalo bese uncelisa ijusi kubo (ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi i-aphid idla ngani, sitshele lapha). Futhi, ekwindla ngasekupheleni, izintuthwane zihanjiswa yizintuthwane ukuze zihlwanyele futhi entwasahlobo ezungeze engadini bese zidla imicibisholo emnandi ye-parasite.

Uhlala kuzo zonke izindawo zendawo yezulu lapho kunezitshalo ezidla khona. Isibonelo, indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-aphid yegazi:

• Moldavia.
• ENingizimu ye-Ukraine.
• Asia Ephakathi.
• ICaucasus
• Amazwe ase-Western Europe.
• Emazweni aseMelika aseBaltic.
• Afrika
• I-America ne-Australia.

Inani lezinhlobo ze-phytophagous ezingase zenzeke endaweni ethile zixhomeke ekuqineni kwezimo kanye nasekucebeni kwezwe elihlaza.

Izimo zezulu eziduduzayo lezi zinambuzane ziyizinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe kanye nomswakama ojwayelekile. Ehlobo elibandayo ehlobo, inani labantu liyancipha. Ebusweni obunzima, amaqanda abo afa lapho iqhwa lingaphansi kwama-degree angu-25.

Angamukeleki ukushisa kwama-parasite nomoya owomile. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nendawo ezinomswakama ohlukeneyo, kuvame kakhulu kunasehlane.

Izindawo zokuhlala ze-aphid zikhona lapho kunezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo (isibonelo, izintombikazi), kodwa iningi lezintuthwane lihlala. Ngezi zinambuzane, le nkathazo isungule i-symbiosis ezuzisayo, imininingwane eminingi mayelana nayo ingatholakala lapha.

Uvelaphi futhi kungani?

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kuphi entwasahlobo ezitshalweni ezitshalweni nasezitshalweni kuvela i-aphid engadini, cabanga ngomjikelezo wokuphila kwalesi sifo. Umjikelezo wokuphila nge-Pest:

1. Ukushisa kubonakala phezu kwezihlahla zezitshalo esiteji seqanda.
2. Entwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuvuvukala nokuqhakaza, izibungu 0.5 mm ubukhulu zivela emaqanda. Bawuthanda kakhulu ijusi emaqabunga aphumayo nezimbali. Ingxenye yezimpungushe ihlela ezimpandeni zesitshalo.
3. Kungakapheli amasonto amabili kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwabantu abadala kwezinhlobo ezimbili:
   • viviparous virgin females: abakwazi ukukhiqiza izibungu ngaphandle kokukhulelwa;
   • abahlali besifazane: banezinhlangothi ezimbili zamaphiko, basakaza futhi basakaze umoya ngokuhamba kwemikhumbi emide, ukukhula ukhula, izitshalo zensimu, bese bebuyela emasikweni abo okuqala futhi.

   Ngesikhathi sehlobo, le nqubo iphindwe izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-15.

4. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla (ngoSeptemba, Okthoba), isizukulwane esilandelayo sabantu besifazane nabesilisa sizalelwa esitshalweni sempi, esiyomlingani bese sibeka amaqanda amasha ebusika.

Qaphela! Izinambuzane eziningi zihlala kuze kube entwasahlobo ezimpandeni.

Ukwazi ukuguqulwa kwama-aphid kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi livela:

• Emhlabathini - wehla kusuka engxenyeni engenhla yesitshalo futhi ubambelele ezimpandeni zayo.
• Engadini - ukuxazulula okwesikhashana izitshalo ezinotshani ukuze ubuyele esitshalweni sokuqala futhi.
• Kuzo zokugcina izithombo - ukufika lapho kanye nenhlabathi engadini engakahleleki, noma ukugeleza ukuvula lapho uvula igumbi.

Kumbuzo othi "kungani ubhubha?" Impendulo kuphela ukuthi izindlela zokuvikela izitshalo ngokumelene nezinambuzane azizange zenziwe ngesikhathi.

Izici zezinambuzane emazweni ahlukene

Yiziphi izinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane, futhi yiziphi izitshalo ngokuvamile ezihlangana nomuntu?

• I-aphid eliphakathi kwe-pear-isambulela eliphila nge-dill. Ubukhulu bayo buba ngu-2.5 mm. Ehlobo, lifuduka lisuka ezihlahleni eliphakathi kwezihlahla kuze kube yinsimu yemifino, lapho ikhula khona ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Ekwindla, ebuyela esihlahleni, ibeka amaqanda ahlukumezekile abe yimifucumfucu bese efa.

  Imifino izitshalo ezivundiwe azifaneleki ukusetshenziswa, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinambuzane, lizinamathele emahlumela.

  Kubalulekile! Kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezinonya zivele ensimini yiziqabunga ezincane ezonakaliswe yizitshalo zamapheya zifakwe ngesigamu eduze kwe-vein central, kanye namafomu e-orange maphakathi.

• I-aphid Cherry inenhlamba emnyama emnyama futhi ayidluli u-2 mm ubude. Ubeka amaqanda phansi kwezinso. Izimpungushe ezavela ngo-May zithinteka ngaphansi kwezingqimba zamacembe. Ziyizinkinga, ziphihliwe zibe yizicucu futhi ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha kuyaphela. Izinambuzane zifihla amaqabunga awonakele.

  Ekupheleni kukaJuni, ezinye izinambuzane zihamba ezinqeni (umbhede), futhi zibuye ngekwindla. Umonakalo ikakhulukazi owenziwe emasimini amancane ama-cherry nama cherry.

• Ngenyanga kaJulayi, i-sunflower ihlaselwa i-aphid ebomvu. Umzimba wakhe obanzi, obanzi ubufinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, abesifazane abavela ehlobo bancane futhi baqoshiwe ngokuhlaza. Indima yezitshalo - abanikazi balezi zinambuzane badlala izitshalo zezithelo zamatshe.

  Lezi zinambuzane zihlasela amaqabunga neziqu ze-oilseed, okuholela ekuswehleni kwezitshalo kanye nokudonsa ekuvuneni.

• Utamatisi uncike ekuhlaselweni kwe-aphid eluhlaza peach. Kubizwa nangokuthi - ukushisa okushisa, okubonisa ukuthi le nkathazo ijwayelekile ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwalabo bantu uqala emithini yezithelo.

  Isizukulwane sesibili esiphila ngamaphiko siyahambela emibhedeni yetamatisi, lapho sisakazeka ngemuva kwamagqabi ezitshalo. Izithelo zika utamatisi, njengombuso, azithintekile, kepha ukuphathwa kwezidumbu kungabangela ukugaya.

• I-aphid yokushisa nayo iyathinta ulamula. Ukufuduka komuntu ngamunye kuzalwa izitshalo ezenziwa ehlobo ukuya ensimini noma ezikhulayo ebhaleni. Ukubusa kwabo kuholela ekwehleni kweqabunga elimnyama nokulimaza amaqabunga.
• Insimu ibophekile, njengamanye ukhula, isebenza njengendawo yesikhashana yezizukulwane zasehlobo zalesi sibungu. Ukulimala kungenye yezindlela eziphumelelayo zokulawula izinambuzane.
• Ama-black viburnum ama-aphid ahlaselwa ama-shrub, abathandekayo ngabalimi abaningi. E-viburnum yinkimbinkimbi futhi iphikisana ibe ibhola lamaqabunga amancane, evimbela ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha nama-inflorescences. Izitshalo eziphelelwe amandla zilahlekelwa yiqhwa ukumelana.
  Usizo Amagagasi amasha abesifazane asakazeka kuphela eKalina.
• Iklabishi aphid ithinta izitshalo cruciferous. Uchitha ubusika ezimpandeni zabameleli basendle balo mndeni - isikhwama somalusi, i-colza ejwayelekile. Entwasahlobo uhamba ezitshalweni zezitshalo. Uma izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zingathathwa, wonke amaqabunga azohlanganiswa ngokuphelele yi-disest. Iklabishi iphenduka iphuzi, ikhala futhi ingabi namandla.
• On iplamu uhlala aphid, okubizwa ngokuthi impova. Umzimba wayo ugcwele i-blue-white wax fluff. Ubungakanani balesi sifo singama 2.5 mm. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zakhe, akawubhidli amaqabunga, kepha kunalokho uhlanganisa isitshalo nge-blue wax coating.

  Ama-apricot, ama-almond, ama-thorn, ama-plums kanye nama-peaches ahlushwa yi-disest. Iphazamisa izingadi zezithelo zamatshe eRussia, eNyakatho Afrika, eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika.

EMexico, kunezinhlobo zezilwane eziphilayo kuphela, okwakungamakhulu eminyaka isintu esingazange sibe njengezinambuzane, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho - sibeke ngokubaluleka endaweni yesithathu, ngemuva kwegolide nesiliva. Le nambuzane ibizwa ngokuthi i-cochineal.

AmaNdiya aseMexico enza i-aphid powderukuzalisa i-cactus ye-pearly peckly nokudla ngejusi yezithelo zayo ezibomvu. Ngenxa yokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali, i-carminic acid yatholakala kulokhu okuluhlaza. Lona ngenye yedayi lasendulo, eyayisetshenziselwa ukuloba ukukhishwa ngezikhumba, nokudayisa amathipiti nezembatho zokugqoka.

I-carmine ezweni lanamuhla libhekwa njengedayi ephilayo ephephile yezimboni zezimonyo nezokudla.

Mayelana nezinye izinhlobo ze-aphid zingatholakala kule ndaba.

Isithombe

Ngezansi kwesithombe ungabona ama-apidi ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene zegadi nezadini.

Isiphetho

Ukulimala okubangelwa ama-aphid kuholela ekuqiniseni izitshalo nezitshalo. nokulahlekelwa yingxenye ebalulekile yesitshalo. Lokhu kungagwenywa kuphela ngendlela ehlelekile futhi ehlelekile ekubhubhiseni inkathazo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwayo kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala.