Ukutshala umuthi ngamunye wensimu unezici zawo. Umgomo wethu ukukujwayeza ngemithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala umuthi we-cherry omuhle ekwindla.
Phela, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukuthenga nokutshala umuthi engadini yakho, kodwa futhi ukukhetha indawo efanele nenhlabathi, ukulungisa umgodi kanye ne-cherry kakhulu yokutshala. Sina amathiphu amakhulu ekukhetheni insimu nokuyikhathalela emva kokutshala.
Ukulungiselela ukutshala i-cherry: imithetho eyisisekelo namathiphu abalulekile
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala isiflethi, udinga ukwenza izinyathelo eziningi ezidingekayo. Ngemuva kwalokho konke, kuzoxhomeka ekulungiseleleni ukutshala ekwindla ukuthi ngabe isihlahla esiphezulu sizokhula esizeni sakho, noma isitshalo esingenakuqondakala esifana ne-sweet cherry.
Amathiphu wokukhetha uhlobo lomhlabathi olungile
Ukukhula okungcono kwe-cherry enhle kungatholakala ngokutshala kuyo enhlabathini evundile nehlelo elihle lokudonsa amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi kumele ihlale ikhululiwe futhi kunomsoco. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa kuleso simo, uma utshala isiliva ku-loam noma emhlabathini onesihlabathi.
Lezi zinhlobo zenhlabathi zifaneleke kakhulu nge-cherry elimnandi ngoba yizona ezihamba kahle kakhulu zamanzi nomoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo osetshenziselwa inhlabathi enjalo uzofinyelela ngokushesha kakhulu ohlelweni lwesitshalo somuthi futhi uthinte ukukhula kwawo.
Inhlabathi yensimbi nenhlabathi ayifanele ukukhula kwama cherry.. Akunconywa ukuthi ukutshala lesi sihlahla emahlathini amuncu. Futhi, kufanele ucabangele ukujula lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba efakwa khona. Uma zisondelene kakhulu nomhlaba - i-cherry ngeke isuke izimpande futhi ife.
Indlela engcono kakhulu ukujula kungamamitha ayi-1.5. Uma kwenzeka amanzi ekhuphuka ngenhla, ungagcina umgodla okhethekile wamanzi okuzoqoqa amanzi.
Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ukuthi akukho nhlabathi efanelekayo kwisayithi lakho, akufanele nakanjani ulahleke umqondo wokukhulisa isithelo sensimu yezithelo cherry. Kunezinyathelo eziningana ngenxa yokuthi yimiphi iminyaka engu-1-2 ongayilungisa inhlabathi enhle kakhulu yokutshala isithombo se-sweet cherry. Funda ngakho ngezansi.
Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala ama cherry?
Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lomhlabathi, ukulungiselela ukutshala ama cherry kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphambi kokutshala kwekwindla emasontweni amabili udinga okuningi bamba yonke inkatho yakho, okuyinto wanquma ukutshala cherry sweet.
Ngaphansi kokumba kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza umquba ohlukene ozokwenza inhlabathi ibe yande kakhulu. Ku-1 m2 kunconywa ukuba ulethe cishe ama-kilogram ayi-10 omquba noma umquba.
Mayelana nama-fertilizer amaminerali, akufanelekile ukuba nomoya ovulekile, nje amagremu angu-180 e-superphosphate nama-100 amagremu womanyolo we-potash kufanele aqhutshwe endaweni efanayo. Kodwa okuwusizo kakhulu sebenzisa umquba omuncu we-cherries amnandi nama cherrybesebenzisa amagremu angu-200 omanyolo nge-1 m2.
Uma i-acidity yenhlabathi iphezulu kakhulu, kunconywa ukuyiqeda nge-lime. Ngomhlabathi onomhlabathi, isilinganiso salomanyolo nge-1m2 akumele sibe ngaphezu kuka-0.4-0.5 kilogram, futhi kube nenhlabathi eqinile ye-loamy - 0.6-0.8 kilograms endaweni eyodwa.
Abanini bezandla balulekwa ukuba bangayeki okwamanje kanye nokwengeza umquba namanye umquba omanyolo emhlabathini, njengoba bengase basabele futhi banganiki umphumela oyifunayo.
Manje siphendukela kulokho okufanele sikwenze inhlabathi noma inhlabathi enhlabathini. Ngaphandle kwamakhupha angenhla, kufanele kube kakhulu hlanganisa kahle nomhlobo wehlabathi ohlukileko.
Sifaka isihlabathi esikhulu somfula emhlabathini, nobumba esihlabathini. Kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokutshala ama cherry, njalo ufaka umquba emhlabathini ngemuva kwalokhu. Ungazama ukutshala izitshalo zonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zizala.
Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukufunda amathiphu ekunakekeleni nasekutshalweni kwe-cherry
Ukulungiselela umgodi wokutshala
Ukulungiselela umgodi kufanele kwenziwe 2 amasonto amaningi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokutshala ngokuqondile kwama cherry amnandi. Yena ukujula kufanele kube hhayi ngamasentimitha angu-60. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uthele umanyolo phansi.
Ububanzi bomgodi bungaba kusuka kumamitha angu-60 kuya ku-1 imitha. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukumba imbobo emigqumeni, ukuphonsa ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ngakolunye uhlangothi nangaphansi kwesinye. Isigxobo siqhutshelwa phansi phansi emgodini, okuzosebenza njengesekela le-cherry elimnandi futhi ngeke livumele ukuba liphule ngesenzo somoya noma ngaphansi kwesisindo sokuqhafaza isithwathwa seqhwa.
I-topsoil, egcwele kakhulu, ixubene nomanyolo. Ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokufika Umquba we-nitrogen awukwazi ukusetshenziswa. (urea) noma i-lime. Bayoba nomthelela omubi ngenqubo ye-engraftment ye-sweet cherry, eyalimala futhi ivutha izimpande zayo.
Kuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa humus (2-3 amabhakede) noma hhayi peat omuncu. Futhi ithonya elihle ekukhuleni kwe-cherry elimnandi umquba omdala. Phakathi kwama-fertilizer amaminerali kungcono ukutshala inhlabathi usebenzisa amagremu angu-200 we-superphosphate. Kuhle ukuletha i-potassium ye-sulfuric (okungaphezu kuka-60 amagremu) nomlotha (cishe u-0.5 kilogram).
Ngakho-ke, le nhlanganisela ithululelwa phansi kwegodi ngesimo segundane. Gwema ngokuphelele futhi ufafaze umhlabathi ongakhululekile. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo nokulungiselela umgodi, ukuze inhlabathi kanye nomquba kufanele kube nesikhathi esihle sokutshala.
Ungakhetha kanjani isipelingi esihle?
Uma ungakwazi ukutshala ama-cherry usebenzisa izithombo ezikhulile kusuka emathanjeni, bese nge-cherry kunzima kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi umuthi we-cherry okhulile ovela emathanjeni angeke ube yi-varietal nhlobo futhi ungakusizi ngesitshalo sawo (nakuba, kwezinye izimo, ungajabulisa). Ngemuva kwalokho, kungenxa yokukhethwa kwezithombo zama cherry amnandi ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene ababelethi abakha izinhlobo ezintsha.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha isifule kuqala unake wakhe isiqu. Kuyo kufanele kube indawo ebonakalayo ehlanganiswayo yokuxhunyelelwa. Yilo muthi ozoba yi-100% ehlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ezinjalo zikwazi ukungena esikhathini sokukhula.
Kuhle kakhulu uma esihlahleni esikhethiwe amagatsha amaningi. Kusukela kubo kuyokwenzeka ukudala isihlalo sobukhosi esifanele. Kodwa, kubalulekile ukunaka isimo nokutholakala komqhubi oyinhloko.
Uma ingekho, umuthi uzokhula kabi futhi ugxume, futhi ungaphinda ungene ezingxenyeni eziningana ngenxa yokulimala okuningi. Ngakho-ke, umqhubi kumele abe yedwa futhi esimweni esihle. Uma iphukile. Ngemva kokuqedwa komuthi uyoba nomncintiswano amaningi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwasusa ngokukhetha eyodwa kuphela - eningi kakhulu futhi enamandla.
Ama-cherry amnandi angafakwa kahle kahle eminyakeni eyodwa nangaphezulu ubudala. Into eyinhloko ukuthi izimpande zezithombo azomisiwe, zonakaliswe, kodwa zithuthukiswe kahle futhi ziqinile. Ukuhamba, yonke insimu ye-cherry enhle ihlanganiswe emgqonyeni omanzi futhi igqoke ngendwangu yamafutha.
Iseluleko esibalulekile: uma kusekhona amaqabunga ensikeni owathengile, kungcono ukuwaqeda. Uma kungenjalo bazoyiqeda amandla.
Ukulungiselela i-sweet cherry sapling yokutshala
Ukutshala isipula ekwindla kunezici zayo, ngoba emva kokutshala umuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi uhambe esikhathini esibi kakhulu ebusika. Kunconywa ngaphambi kokutshala uphinde uhlole kahle izimpande zama cherry amnandi.
Uma unayo ukuphela okuphelilebayanconywa ukusika. Futhi, zonke izimpande ezingavakashelwe emgodini owumbumbwe ngawe. Isistimu yezimpande ezincane kakhulu ingafisa ebusika, ngakho-ke kusasekho umqondo omkhulu kuwo.
Uma ngesikhathi sokuhlola ubona izimpande ezomile, bese ufaka isithombo ngehora lesi-10 emanzini. Ngisho noma izimpande zidliwe esimweni esihle, kunconywa ukuthi uzibeke emanzini amahora amabili kusenesikhathi ukuze uzihlanganise kahle. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukugcina ama-cherry emanzini ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba izimpande zingaba zimanzi kakhulu futhi zibole ngaphandle kokwanele okwanele oksijini.
Amathiphu wokutshala umuthi we-cherry omnandi ekwindla
Ukutshala ama-cherry ekwindla kuyinkqubo enobungozi. Phela, kukhona ingozi ukuthi lesi sihlahla sizobanda ebusika. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho, abalimi bayeluleka ukuthi bangalimi i-cherry enhle ekwindla, kodwa ukuyiphonsa ensimini kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumba imbobo engavamile lapho izithombo zilele engxenyeni ka-45º.
Uma uthola izihlahla eziningi, zibophe ndawonye futhi ngaleyo ndlela uzilahle. Okuphezulu kufanele kubheke eningizimu. Izimpande zidinga ukumbozwa inhlabathi kahle, ukufafaza ngisho nesikhukhula esincane.
Ekuqaleni kweqhwa, amagatsha nawo alala ngecala ngesihlabathi. Ngokucophelela kakhulu Amagatsha kufanele ahlanganiswe neqhwaNguye oyobasindisa ekuqhumeni. Ukuze uvimbele izithombo ukuba zingonakaliswe ilanga, ungazifaka ngezingcezu zeplywood.
Ukutshala kwe-autumn: izinzuzo nezinkinga
Zonke izihlahla zezithelo zingatshalwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Inzuzo yokutshala ama cherry ekwindla yukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi, imakethe ingakhetha inamba enkulu kunazo zonke zezinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi sihlahla esihle. Ngakho-ke, ngeke ukhethe izinhlobonhlobo ezifunayo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukhethe okuhle okuvela kuma-specimens ashicilelwe we-saplings.
Ukutshala kwe-autumn kwama cherry kunconywa ngaphezulu phakathi nezindawo eziseningizimu zezulu. Engxenyeni yezifunda ezingasenyakatho, kunezikhundla eziphezulu ukuthi ama-saplings azofaka umonakalo ngokuphelele noma kancane kancane esihlahleni, okuzokwenza kube nzima ukuyibuyisela ngokugcwele entwasahlobo.
Imigomo yokutshala cherry ekwindla izxhomeke esifundeni sezulu. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwama-frosts avamile. Ngakho ngisho uma iqhwa seliwile, futhi inhlabathi ingakaqandiswanga okwamanje, usengakwazi ukutshala ama cherry amnandi.
Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla esitshaliwe izobe isenesikhathi sokuhlwanyela kahle, kepha isitsha sokuzimela singeke sibe nesikhathi sokuqala nokukhula, sigcine isimo "sokulala" ebusika.
Nokho, ensimini yesifunda se-Middle Volga, ucabangela izimo zezulu zalesifunda, Ukutshala i-Cherry kuhle kakhulu kwenzeni yokuqala ekwindla. Isikhathi kusukela ngomhla ka-20 kuSeptemba kuya ku-20 Okthoba sihamba phambili, kodwa asifani nanini ngaphambili nangemva kwalokho.
Ukujula nobuchwepheshe bokutshala izithombo ze cherry enhle ekwindla
Ukunciphisa insimu emgodini akusizi kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-collar yayo iqhube kancane ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Uma uphakamisa isithombo ngamamentimitha angu-5-7, khona-ke iyozama endaweni efanele kanye nokuhlelwa kwenhlabathi.
Izimpande zomuthi kufanele zibekwe kahle ebusweni besigundane, esasizitholela emgodini ngaphambili. Kancane kancane sigcwalisa umgodi ngendwangu engezansi yensimu esivela ngayo emgodini, kufanele ushukumise izithombo kancane ukuze zonke izikhala eziphakathi kwezimpande zigcwaliswe kahle. Lapho ukutshala cherry kungaba emkhatsini wegodi lokugwedla uthele elinye ibhakede lamanzi kulo, futhi ngemva kokungcwaba ngokuphelele umgodi.
Kakade emva kokuthungwa okuphelele komgodi, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla isinyathelwe kahle futhi iphuziswa. Ukuphuza amanzi kwakuhle, udinga ezungeze isiqu ukumba umgodi ngamasentimitha angu-5 ejulilefuthi umhlaba bawubeka nxazonke ngesimo se-shaft. Ngakho-ke, wonke amanzi esiwahambisayo azosatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo emgodini futhi ahlale ezimpandeni ze-cherry.
Njengoba kokubili amanzi kanye nezinqubo zemvelo kuzoshukumisa ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, umgodi ungase uvele uvele uzungeze isiqu ngesikhathi. Kungcono kakhulu ukubeka inhlabathi, ihambisana nezinga lonke lomhlabathi.
Ukunakekela umuthi we-cherry ngemuva kokutshala
Ngaphezu kokunisela, inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu kufanele ihlanganiswe ne-peat noma i-humus, okungukuthi, ukuba i-mulch. Ngalokhu sizokwazi ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini isikhathi eside kakhulu, okubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukutshala i-autumn cherry. Yilokhu umswakama ozovikela umuthi emiphumeleni yesithwathwa nokuqhwa kwamanzi emagatsheni.
Njengoba izinhlobo eziningi ze-cherry ezinomsoco zinamathela ngokushisa kumazinga okushisa aphansi, kufanele zilungiselelwe kahle ukuqala kweqhwa. Okokuqala, ngokushesha nje lapho amaqhwa eqala ukusondela, isiqu nje utshala izihlahla zomuthi ukugoqa ukukhishwa. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubusika bezifunda zaseNingizimu zingashushumbisa, kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo isimo somuthi, hhayi ukuyivumela ukuba icace.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i iqhwa lifanele ukugoqa kahle phansi kwesiqukanjalo ukufudumala. Ebusika, umuthi ungalimaza izinduku ezihlukahlukene. Ukuzivikela ngokumelene nabo, ungamane uhlakaze izinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene emthini. Futhi, isihlahla somuthi phezu kwe-burlap singabhekwa amandla ngamagatsha ase-spruce.
Imithetho ye-Cherry yokunisela
I-sweet cherry enomsoco idinga umswakama, nakuba ukutholakala kwayo ngokweqile emhlabathini kungathinta kakhulu ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla. Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela akufanele kube njalo kuphela, kodwa futhi kufaka izimo zezulu nezimo zenhlabathi. Amanzi kufanele ahlanganiswe okungenani kanye ngenyanga. ngaphansi kwemibandela evamile, nangesikhathi somiso olunzima - ngisho kanye ngesonto.
Kungcono ukuphuza i-cherry emgodini owubumbwe eduze kwesiqu. Ngokwemvelo, ngokukhula kwesihlahla, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa umgodi esiwugubha ngesikhathi sokufika kwawo, kufanele ukhuliswe njalo endaweni engamamitha ayi-1.
Mayelana namabhakede amabili asetshenziselwa umuthi omncane, cishe amabhakede ayisithupha kufanele asetshenziswe kubantu abadala futhi abade amacreries amnandi.
Indlela yokudla ama cherry?
I-sweet cherry ayidingi i-top-dressing ejwayelekile. Okungcono kakhulu ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesimo se-pus ephikisayookuyinto eqaliswa ngendlela yokuchelela kaningi kangako kanye njalo eminyakeni 2-3. Kodwa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula okukhulayo kwesihlahla nokubeka amajikijolo amakhulu, kuyadingeka futhi ukusebenzisa amaminerali amaminerali.
Ngokuyinhloko, zonke izinhlobo kanye nokulinganisa kwamanyolo esiwafaka wona asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala izithombo. Kungcono ukuqala ukwenza izingubo ezinjalo ngonyaka wesithathu, emva kokutshala ama cherry endaweni ehlala njalo. Ngempela, ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, inani lomanyolo owenziwe enhlabathini ngesikhathi sokutshala ngokuqondile kuzokwanela.
Nokho, ngonyaka wesibili, entwasahlobo, udinga ukutshala inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu nge-urea. I-nitrogen inomphumela omuhle ekukhuleni komuthi.
