Izifo zeCitrus, okufaka i-mandarin, ngezinga elithile eliqondile, futhi ngandlela-thile izici zezitshalo eziningi zezithelo. Ezimweni eziningi, izifo zezihlahla ze-tangerine zibangelwa ama-microorganisms: i-mycoplasmas, ama-virus, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta. Umphumela wezenzo zabo yiziphambeko ezihlukahlukene emthini nasezithelo: ukukhula, izilonda, ukubola, ukubola, njalo njalo. Bangakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwesitshalo ngokusebenzisa i-stomata yeqabunga, emanxebeni akhiwa umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini, ngokusebenzisa izinambuzane, umoya, ngokufiphala noma ukuchelela. Inzima ukuthi akuzona zonke izinyathelo zokulwa nezifo ze-mandarin eziphumelelayo, kanti kwezinye izimo ngisho nezeze. Ngezansi sibheka izifo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu nezici zokulwa nazo.
I-Anthracnose
Lesi sifo sibangelwa i-pathogenic ukhunta i-Colletotrichum glocosponoides Penz, eqala endaweni enomanzi futhi ihlala phezu kwezithelo, amaqabunga, namagatsha esitshalo. Amaqabunga abathintekile aqala ukumbozwa amabala aluhlaza okwehla okwedlula isikhathi. Uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngesikhathi semvula, amabala angase abe mnyama. Amachashazi amnyama avela kumacebiso amahlumela. Amagatsha abe nsundu ngokuphelele, bese ephuzi egcwele, ehlanganiswa nokuningi kokuvuvukala nokufa. Izimbali ezithintekile zigcwele amabala obomvu bese ziwa. Amabala amancane amnyama avela ezithelo ezungeze ama-pedicels, asakazeka futhi aphumele isikhumba. Ithola umbala omnyama obomvu, iyancipha. Esiqhingini sesifo singenzeka ngesikhathi sokugcina. Banephunga elimnandi nesinambitheka esimuncu.
Le mandarin yesifo sefungal iyenzeka ngomswakama ophezulu nokunakekelwa okungafanele. Ukuze ulwisane nalo, amahlumela abathintekayo anqunywe futhi amafungicides akhethekile aphethwe ngokulandela imiyalelo. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-bio-fungicide "Fitosporin", ngoba ayiyona into enobuthi. Yengezwa emanzini okunisela kanye nokuvimbela izifo zefungal. Ukuze kuvikelwe, abalimi batusa ukuphalaza ama-tangerines ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux liquid (1%) izikhathi ezimbili kuya kathathu ngonyaka ngamunye.
Uyazi? IsiMandarin esimweni sayo semvelo sikhula iminyaka engama-70, isivuno sanda njalo ngonyaka. Izithelo ezingafika ku-800 zingasuswa emthini owodwa ngesizini ngasinye.
I-Wartiness
Esinye isifo esibangelwa i-fungus esithinta sonke isitshalo. Kubonakala kuqala ngamabala amancane aphuzi aphuzi emaqabunga, abese eguqulwa abe yizinhlamvu ezibomvu. Ukukhula okuvela kumahlumela amancane kwanda futhi kube yinto eyakhayo yokwakha, okuholela ekufeni kwegatsha. Lapho izithelo zitheleleke, amabala e-orange akhula phezu kwawo, okuthi, njengoba ekhula, athole ama-brown shades. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuwa kwe-ovary ekhona. Isimo sokusakazeka kwesifo siwumswakama ophezulu nokushisa kwemoya. Ukulwa nalesi sifo ukukhipha izingxenye ezonakele zesitshalo ukuthi kuyisifiso sokushisa, ukuze izinhlamvu zingasahlali emvelweni. Lesi sitshalo sihlanjululwa ngesisombululo seziphuzo zeBordeaux (1%): ngo-Mashi, ngoJuni (emva kokuchichima) futhi ngoJulayi.
I-Citrus gommoz
Lesi sifo, i-causative agent ye-fungus i-Pythiacystis citrophthora R.E.Sm, ibonakala ngesimo sokuhamba kwamaconsi ama-longitudinal wegamu emagqabeni esihlahla. Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kuphazamisa amagxolo ama-trunks kanye nezimpande ezisemqoka zesihlahla, ngaphandle kokungena kwezinye izendlalelo zazo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amagxolo ahlukaniswa nawo wonke ama-stem noma izimpande. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwayo, igatsha, izimpande, noma yonke inqwaba yezinto ezibhubhayo, ngoba ukusabalalisa kwe-sap kuyaphazanyiswa. I-fungus ingavela esithelweni, ebangela ukubola okubomvu.
Kubalulekile! Imiphumela ebulalayo yalesi sifo ithinta amaqabunga nje amasonto ambalwa kamuva, noma ngisho nezinyanga emva kokuba igatsha noma i-trunk sefile.
Ngaphambi kokwelapha umuthi we-tangerine, kubalulekile ukuqeda izimbangela ezibangela lesi sifo.
Phakathi kwabo kungaba:
- ukungabi ne-potassium ne-phosphorus ene-nitrogen engaphezu kwenhlabathi. Kulokhu, inani le-nitrogen ne-fertilizer ephansi liyancipha;
- akukho emanzini ngaphansi kwesimiso sesitshalo somuthi. Ukunisela kume ngokuphelele izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese kuvuselelwa ngokucophelela futhi kunomkhawulo omkhulu;
- ukutshala kakhulu;
- umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini, ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izilonda ezavela, lapho ukutheleleka khona.
Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo ezichazwe ngenhla, okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe. Hlanza isilonda bese uhlambalaza ngesisombululo se-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (3%). Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-30 g ye-agent kanye ne-200 g ye-hydrated (noma i-100 g ye-quicklime) i-lime ichitheka ilitha lamanzi. Emva kwalokho, isilonda siphathwa nge-pitch engadini. Inqubo iphindwe kuze kube yilapho izibonakaliso zesifo ziphela. Uma lokhu kungakutholakali, lesi sitshalo siyasuswa futhi sishiswe.
I-Citrus Cancer
Isifo esibangelwa amagciwane ahlasela amaqabunga nezithelo zomuthi. Kuboniswe ngesimo sebala elimnyama elimnyama. Umdlavuza weCitrus awuphathwa. Lesi sitshalo kumele sisuswe enhlabathini futhi sichithwe.
Kubalulekile! Kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi i-pathogen eyenziwe yisifo noma esinye isifo kuphela ebhokisatri. Izimpawu eziningi zezifo, ezibangelwa yizifungulu kanye nama-bacteria, zifana kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma kunjalo, ama-pustules ama-brown angabonwa ezindaweni zokutheleleka, amabala amnyama noma ama-gray patches yizinhlamvu ze-fungal. Lapho igciwane le-mycoplasmas kanye namagciwane, ukuma kwezimbali, amaqabunga, nezimpande ziyashintsha. Iphethini le-mosaic ivela kubo, iziqu ziyakhathazeka, zishaywa phansi. Kulokhu, izifo ze-fungal ne-bacterial ziphathwa nge-fungicides, futhi ukwelashwa kwe-mycoplasmic kanye ne-viral akuyona ingeniso, isitshalo kufanele sichithwe.
Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sesibungqangi sithinta izihlahla ze-tangerine ezabe sezihlanganisiwe ngaphambili ku-orange. Ngokuvamile kuboniswa izithombo ezincane, eziboshwe endaweni enamafutha omnyama. Ngokuvamile, indawo emelekile ihlanzwa futhi iphathwe nge-sulfate yethusi noma i-ejenti efanayo nezinga eliphakeme lesenzo. Kunconywa ukumba isitshalo bese uhlola ukuthi izimpande zonakaliswe yini yisifo. Uma ukuhlola kunika umphumela omuhle, umuthi kufanele ubhujiswe.
Umsuka wokubola
Kunzima ukukuthola, ngoba izimpande zesitshalo zithintekile. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile sivela ngaphandle esiteji esivele sithuthukile, lapho amaqabunga ama-mandarin ewa kakhulu. Ungabuyiselwa kanjani kabusha ikamelo le-tangerine kulokhu? Gweba isitshalo bese uhlola izimpande. Uma izindawo ezonakalisiwe zitholakala, zisuswe ngensimbi ebukhali ekhutshaziwe. Zonke izimpande ziyaphathwa nge-stimulator ye-rooting, futhi isitshalo sitshalwe endaweni entsha, ehlanzekile. Khona-ke ibhodlela elinama-mandarin kufanele lifakwe ku-greenhouse noma lisule amaqabunga ngaso sonke isikhathi ngendwangu ebomvu, igweme ukuchelela okuningi. Nikeza isitshalo ukukhanya okuhle.
Kubalulekile! Ezimweni eziningi, amaqabunga e-mandarin awawa ngenxa yokugula, kodwa ekunakekelweni okungalungile. Eqinisweni, yile ndlela isitshalo esabela ngayo kwizici ezicindezelayo: ukungabi nokukhanya, umswakama ngokweqile emhlabathini, ukushisa okuphansi, nokunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isitshalo esidala okungenani iminyaka emithathu singase sife. I-Causal inqwaba yamaqabunga awela kungaba ukuphela kwe-mandarin, lapho ingathunyelwa ekuphumuleni ebusika. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, kunconywa ukuba ufake imbiza nge-tangerine ngamahora angu-12 nsuku zonke endaweni epholile (14 kuya ku-16 °C) ngesibani se-fluorescent esingu-20-40 watt.
I-Tristeza
Isibangela sesifo yilona igciwane legama elifanayo, elichaphazela sonke isitshalo. Njengomthetho, izihlahla ezingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala ziba yisisulu. Izibonakaliso zokuqala ziyeka noma ziyaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa nokushintsha umbala wamaqabunga. Ekuqaleni ziyaphela, zibe zethusi kancane, bese zithola umbala ophuzi eduze kweminye imifino. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amahlamvu avuthiwe aqala ukuwa phansi emagatsheni. Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, amagatsha asuka e-trunk ayancipha futhi afe. Izithelo zishintsha umbala futhi ziwa ngokushesha. Uma ubumba isitshalo, kuvela ukuthi uhlelo lwempande luyathinteka kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-mandarin eziphikisana nalesi sifo. Kodwa nabo bayithwali laleli gciwane, abavele balisebenzise.
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa yizinambuzane noma ngokuhluma (ukuhlanganiswa kwezitshalo). Akuphathwa. Kutuswa ukubhubhisa umuthi othelelekile.
Xylopsorosis
I-virus engaba isitshalo futhi ingaqhubeki kuze kube yiminyaka engu-10. Ngaphandle, kufana kakhulu ne-homosis, njengoba kulimaza amagxolo esitshalo. Kodwa akaphathwa.
Malsekko
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithinta izitshalo ensimini entwasahlobo, futhi endlini - kusukela ekwindla kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Izibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi sifo ziwumbala weqabunga elimnyama. Bawa esihlahleni, kanti iziqu zihlala emagatsheni. Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, amahlumela aqala ukumelela ngenguquko yesikhathi esifanayo embala wegxolo. Iba isanqante noma i-orange-red. Ukumila kuyaqhubeka kusukela ekugcineni kwamagatsha kuya esiqwini, bese uhamba uye esiqwini esikhulu. Lesi sifo asikwazi ukuphulukiswa. I-agent ye-causative yesifo uPhoma trachephila Petri isakazwa yizinhlamvu, ezitholakala endaweni yokukhosela ezisezimvula futhi ziqhutshwa umoya noma amathuluzi okusebenza.
Uyazi? I-Mandarin ayibhekwa njengokudla kuphela, kodwa futhi isithelo sezokwelapha. Zinezinhlobo eziningi ze-potassium, usawoti wamaminerali, i-carotene, amafutha, amaprotheni, i-acids ephilayo, ushukela, i-fiber nazo zitholakala. Ngakho-ke, i-tangerines kanye nejusi elisha okuvela kubo kunconywa kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo. Le ikhasi liqukethe amafutha amaningi abalulekile, ngakho-ke ama-decoctions kanye nama-infusions ayo anconywa ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu, izinambuzane nezinye izifo zamathunjini. Ukususa umusi ujusi kusiza ukulwa nezifo ze-fungal esikhumbeni.
Izifo ezibangelwa ukungabi nalutho kwezakhi zomanyolo
Ngezinye izikhathi ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kwezifo zezitshalo kuyimpawu zokuntuleka kwezakhi ezilandelanayo ezibalulekile emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile! Amancane embiza lapho i-mandarin ikhula khona, ngokushesha umhlabathi usuphelile.
Ngakho-ke, uma amaqabunga endala eqala ukumbozwa amachashazi aphuzi, bese ephenduka futhi ephuzi, kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sitshalo asinaso i-nitrogen. Uma, ngokumelene nesizinda sokuqothula kweqabunga, ithiphu layo limile, ithole i-hue enesibhakabhaka, i-mandarin idinga i-phosphorus eyengeziwe. Uma phakathi kwemithanjeni yamaqabunga eqala ukuvela emakhazeni nasemaphakeni, ukwandisa umthamo we-potassium. Mayelana nokungabi nensimbi, kanye ne-zinc nama-manganese, kusho igridi yemifino eluhlaza emaqabunga aphelile. Uma i-ovary iqala ukuwa ngobuningi, ibhalansi ye-acid-base yenhlabathi ingase iphazamiseke. Ivela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanganese ne-boron. Noma kunjalo, ukunqwabelana kwazo zonke lezi zinto nakho kunomphumela omubi esitshalweni. Uqala ukufa emaphethelweni amaqabunga.
I-Mandarin - ithenda isitshalo, esibhekene nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa izifungi ezihlukahlukene, kaningi kangako ngamagciwane. Zingathinta njengengxenye yesitshalo, futhi imithi yonke. 
Uma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthola izimpawu zokuqala zesifo bese uthatha izinyathelo ezifanele, i-mandarin ingagcinwa. Kodwa zikhona izifo ezingenakwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi labo linempawu ezifanayo. Futhi ukukhula, amaqabunga aphuzi futhi awa phansi kuphela angakhuluma ngokukhathalela okungalungile kwesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa kwe-mandarin kumele kuhanjiswe ngokucacile.
