Izinhlobo eziningi izaqathe zingamelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa ngesikhathi kuvela izinkinga zokulima okungalungile okuzoholela ekunciphiseni isivuno.
Ukutheleleka kungasakazeka kwamanye amasiko futhi kushiye ukutheleleka enhlabathini isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela isifo sesanqante ngesikhathi sokunikeza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Ngosizo lwe-athikili yethu ungafunda ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo zomsuka futhi uzame ukulwa nabo, futhi wazi kangcono nezithombe zemifino ethintekile.
Ukwazi kanjani ukuthi imifino yempande iyagula?
Isifo yinqubo yokulimaza imifino ngamagciwane asulelayo njengama-bacteria, isikhunta noma igciwane, ebonakala njengamabala, isikhunta kanye nokubola, zombili emaqabini nasempandeni.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela isiko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-parasite noma uhlobo oluthile lwesifo.
Uma izibonakaliso zokuqala zomonakalo, udinga ukubona imbangela yalokho okwenzekayo.
Uma isivuno sithatha inkathazo, udinga ukuhlola amaqabunga neziqongo ukuthola inambuzane eyingozi eyonakalisa imifino.
Izinto ezibangela ukutheleleka
Izinto ezingabangela uketshezi ketshezi kufaka phakathi:
- Ukwehluleka kokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Ukutshala okunye okungcono nge-peas kanye ne-ulethisi.
- Ukuhlanza okungajwayelekile futhi okungavamile kokhula.
- Izitshalo ezinzima kakhulu.
- Ukuchelela okuvame kakhulu nokuningi.
- Ukulimala komshini kuma-izaqathe (qala noma uqhekeke).
- Ukuvuna okuzayo.
- Ukungahambisani nemibandela yokugcina.
Incazelo, isithombe nokuphathwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezilonda
Ngesikhathi sokugcina
Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezimo zokugcina kungaholela ezifweni ezilandelayo.
Ukubola okumhlophe noma i-sclerotinia
Lesi yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-fungus ye-pathogenic. Ubuso bempande buba buthaka, emva kwalokho umboco omhlophe ophuzile ubonakala kulezi zakhiwo. Ekuqaleni, umbala we-isanqante awushintshi, kodwa njengoba isiqhakabhaka sihlanganisa yonke imifino, iyoba mnyama.
Ukulwa nesidingo sokubola esimhlophe ukusika izindawo ezinesifobese ucubungula ukubunjwa, okulungiselelwe isisombululo se-chaki ne-potassium permanganate. Kodwa uma iningi lempande litheleleke, kungcono nje ukulahla imifino. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwezitshalo zempande, kufanele zifakwe nge-fungicide I-Thiram yokugcina, okuyi-6-8 kg yesidakamizwa kufanele ixutshwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi (ithoni elilodwa).
Kunzima ukubona ukuthi kwenzeke yini ukutheleleka ngesikhathi kugcinwa isiko lokugcina, njengoba kungekho zibonakaliso ezibonakalayo esigabeni sokuqala.
I-Bacterial Rot Rot
Isifo esibangelwa amafungus ngesikhathi sokugcina. Phezulu kwesanqante kunezinhlayiya zombala omnyama omnyama, kamuva zimbozwa nge-mucus, ziba buthaka futhi ziwele ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, imifino eyisitshalo ephethe iphunga elimnandi aliqedi ngokuphelele.
Ukuze ulwe nokutheleleka, kudingeka uqale ngokucubungula isitolo semifino, lapho udinga ukusakaza khona izindonga kanye nesitezi ngesisombululo esikhethekile esingu-400 g we-bleach ehlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ukuze ugcine isitoreji kuyadingeka ukhethe kuphela izimpande eziphelele futhi eziphilile..
Alternaria
Izifo ezithathelwanayo, imbangela yayo yi-Alternaria. On izaqathi zivela izindawo ezinomile ezinomile wombala omnyama, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubonakala grey, bese patina omnyama. Indawo ewonakele iwela ngaphakathi.
Ukutheleleka kungasakazeka emhlabathini noma ngembewu.
Fomoz
Futhi kubhekiswa nesifo esithathelwanayo esingaba nesifo esingaba khona nanoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula noma ukugcinwa kwemifino. Esikhathini senhla isanqante ibonakala ingenazo izindawo ezimpunga noma imivimbo, ekugcineni ibe yincani emnyama. Ekugcineni, isitshalo sesitshalo siba yize.
Gcina imifino isifo ngeke isebenze, kodwa kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-phosphorus-potassium umquba we-prophylaxis ngesikhathi sokukhula. Izitshalo zezimpande ezithintekayo zidinga ukushiswa.
Uzofunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-carrot fomoz iyindlela nokuthi ungayibhekana kanjani nayo, kusukela kule vidiyo ewusizo:
I-botridiosis noma i-gray gray
Lesi sifo sibangelwa i-fungus-parasite. Esikhathini sokutshala izimpande ezithathelwanayo, kuvela amabala aluhlaza oketshezi, kamuva abe manzi, avulekile futhi athambile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yonke indawo yemifino ihlanganiswe nezindawo ezimpunga.
Ukuze ulwe nokutheleleka entwasahlobo kufanele ufeze isiko ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube noma i-sulfate yethusi. Endaweni yokudinga udinga ukubulala amagciwane njalo ngonyaka., ukugcoba izindonga, ngaphambi kokubeka isitshalo kubalulekile ukuhlola izinga lokushisa ekamelweni kumele lingabi ngaphezu kwama-degree ayi-5.
Engadini
Indawo emnyama
Ukutheleleka kwe-fungal okwenzeka ngenxa yokungahambisani nobuchwepheshe bokutshala isiko. Ekuqaleni, lesi sifo sithinta iziqongo zesitshalo, amaqabunga aphendukile futhi asomile. Ngemuva kokutheleleka kokudlulela emmpandeni, kuboniswe ngezinhlobo zamnyama ezimnyama eziholela ekuwohlokeni kwesiko.
Ngemuva kokuthola izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka, izitshalo ezithintekayo kufanele zishiswe, futhi imibhede ephathwa nge-3% isisombululo se-vitriol.
Bacteriosis
Isifo se-bacterial, ama-causative agents anama-bacterium. Qaphela ukuqala kwalesi sifo ngokubonakala kwamabala aphuzi emaphethelweni amaqabunga aphansi esiko. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabala noma imivimbo iphenduka isundu, futhi izindawo ezimnyama zibonakala zingenazimpande. Iphunga elimnandi elivela esitshalweni esinegciwane..
Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha imifino enesifo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqeda isiko esinjalo.
Rhizoctoniosis
Isifo sofuba esithathelwanayo, esizibonakalisa ngesimo samagundane nge-red-purple hue. Iholela ekubhubhiseni, ukuchoboza nokubola kwempande.
Ukulwa nalesi sifo udinga ukunciphisa inhlabathi, lokhu, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kubalulekile ukwengeza cishe u-400 g we-limestone, i-calcium noma i-dolomite.
Idonsa likaMealy
Lesi sifo esibangelwa ukutheleleka ngezifungi ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Amachashazi aphuzi avela emaqabunga, asakazeka kuwo wonke amaqabunga futhi abangele afe. Izitshalo zempande kusuka ekuthelelekeni azikhubeki, kepha zikhula kabi ngesimo.
Isiko esinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kumele sibe nempova ngemlotha, kanti izitshalo ezingenasifo kufanele zitholwe nge-fungicide.
Ukubola okubomvu
Ukutheleleka kwe-fungus yehlabathi. Esimpandeni kubonakala izimpumputhe ezicindezelekile ezimpunga ngamachashazi abomvu-obomvu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuso buhlanganiswe nokuqhakaza obomvu, futhi amaqabunga abe aphuzi futhi omisiwe.
Izaqathe ezonakalisiwe zisuswa emhlabathini, zingabiliswa futhi zondliwe izilwane, amaqabunga adingeka ukuthi angcwatshwe ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kwesifo, kubalulekile ukushintsha ukuhlwanyela kwezitshalo, kanye nokwehla kwenhlabathi e-acidic.
Ukukhishwa kwempande
Ivela ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele ngesikhathi sonyaka okhulayo noma uma inkathazo enjenge-nematode ithintekile. Umsuka ukhula ugxilile, uphambene, udidekile futhi awubi.
Ukuze uvimbele ukuguquguquka, ungaba, uma wenza ukuphuza okungajwayelekile, kepha ukuchelela okunamandla, ukudla okufika ngesikhathi nokulwa nematode.
I-Soft Bacterial Rot noma I-Cancer Bacterial
Isifo se-bacterial, esiholela ekubola kwempande esesemhlabathini. On izaqathe zivela ukukhula okulula kombala omhlophe, okugcina kugubha futhi kube nzima. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zindawo zibhujiswa, ngenkathi zibhubhisa imifino ngokwazo.
Ukuze kuvikelwe ukubola, kubalulekile ukuphatha umhlabathi ngama-bacteriophages., kanye nezikhathi ezibhubhisa izinambuzane eziye zavela.
I-Cercosporosis
Isifo esibonakala ngenxa ye-fungus ye-pathogenic. Izindawo ezinombala ezineziko elikhanyayo zivela emaqabungeni, ngesikhathi sokuthi amaqabunga aqhekeke, kanti imifino ngokwayo iyeka ukukhula.
Ukuze uvimbele entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukumba kahle inhlabathi, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukuphuza ngesikhathi bese uketshezi isitshalo ngezilungiso ezifana neQuadris noma i-Trichodermin.
Ukuvimbela
Lapho ukhula
Akuwona wonke ama-carrot okutheleleka angakwelashwa, kodwa angavinjelwa ngochungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuzivikela.
Ukunikeza ukwelashwa
- Imbewu - cwilisa emaminithini ayishumi emanzini afudumele (40-55 degrees), bese uthola imizuzu engu-2-5, ubeke esitsheni ngamanzi abandayo. Futhi, imbewu ingafakwa esixazululweni sika-3% se-hydrogen peroxide, ishiya kuwo amahora angu-8-10.
- Emhlabeni - ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, kuyadingeka ukuba ukhethe umhlabathi ngesisombululo se-sulphate (ama-gramu angu-30), okuchitha ama-10 amalitha amanzi. Amalitha ayi-10 wekwele adliwe ilitha elilodwa lamanzi.
Ukukhetha okunamandla kokuhlukahluka
Uma ukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele eziphikisana nezifo eziningi, ungavimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka, okuzogcina isikhathi nemali, futhi uthole isivuno esihle.
Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezifana nalezi:
- I-Artek noma i-Callisto ukumelana nokubola okumhlophe.
- Rogneda ine-immunitary to gray mold.
- Dolanka - ku-fomozu, njll.
Ukuphuza ngamanzi afudumele
Ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwempande nokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngama-izaqathe, kutuswa ukuba uhlale ngamanzi kusihlwa ngamanzi atshiswe elangeni emini.
Ezinye izinyathelo
Ukuze kuvikelwe lesi sifo, ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo kumele kubonwe. Akuvunyelwe ukutshala izaqathe endaweni efanayo iminyaka emibili ngokulandelana. Akunconywa ukuhlwanyela isitshalo ngemuva kwe-beet, u-anyanisi, isinaphi, amazambane kanye ne-rye yiziqhamuka ezinhle kakhulu zemifino.
Uma igcinwe
- Ama-karoti kufanele agcinwe endaweni epholile ekushiseni kwe-+ 1- + 3 degrees nomswakama ongaphezulu kuka-85%.
- Imifino imifino kufanele ibekwe emabhokisini avulekile noma izikhwama zepulasitiki ngezimbobo zokuphuza umoya.
- Kuphela kukhethiwe imifino enempilo futhi enempilo kuphela.
- Ukuze ulondoloze isanqante kahle, ngaphambi kokuyibeka endaweni yokugcina kuyadingeka ukuba uyifake nge-chalk uthuli; ungayifaka esihlabathini esixubene nomgodi (1: 1) bese uyishiya ubusika bonke.
Kukhona izifo eziningi ze-karoti, futhi kaningi akunakwenzeka ukusindisa isiko elithathelwanayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela okwenzekayo, kubalulekile ukufeza izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezizosiza ukuthola isivuno esicebile nesempilo.
