I-Jatropha - ukutshala, ukukhulisa nokunakekela ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe

I-Jatropha (Jatropha) - isihlahla esinamandla esiqabulayo esivela emndenini u-Euphorbiaceae. Ku-vivo, kuvamile ogwadule olunamadwala aseCentral America nase-Afrika, kanti izwe laseJatropha liCaribbean Islands. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukudala uthango, amapaki wokudonswa komhlaba.

Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, i-jatropha ingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 futhi ifinyelele ku-0, 8 m. Ikhula ngamandla, ikhula ngama-20- 35 cm ngonyaka. Isiqu esinde sombhalo obomvu wes shrub sinomumo ongajwayelekile obunjwe ngebhodlela, unwebeka esisekelweni futhi uthinta phezulu. Entwasahlobo, ukuqhakaza kuqala. Ungahlala ihlobo lonke. Ijusi ye-jatropha milky inobuthi, yize ezinye izinhlobo zezimbali zinezinto zokuphilisa.

Izici eziwusizo ze-jatropha

Izinto ezingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kancane kancane zilahlekelwa inani lazo lasekuqaleni, ziphenduke udoti. Ukuqongelela okuphelele kuholela ekuqineni kwamandla. Ukuqeda amandla wangaphakathi amahle, udoti uvimba izindlela ezingaba khona zokuphila kahle, zivimbela intuthuko.

Kunzima ukuba semkhathini onjalo. Izingxabano zivame ukuvela lapha, futhi nezempilo ziya ziwohloka. Endlini ebukeka njengendlu yokugcina izimpahla, kuhle ukuba ne-jatropha. Imbali ibuyisa ukujikeleza kwamandla futhi ipholisa ukuhamba kwamandla.

Ukunakekela i-jatropha ekhaya. Kafushane

IJatropha ikhula kahle ekhaya, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuba nobunzima obuncane lapho ikhula. Kubalulekile ukwazi okuthandwa yisitshalo futhi usenzele indawo enhle. Elungile le-jatropha yile:

Ukunakekela i-jatropha ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

I-jatropha yasekhaya - isitshalo esivumelanayo futhi cishe asinasisekelo. Ivumelanisa nempilo yangaphakathi. Kepha umsebenzi womnikazi ukudala indawo imbali ekhula ngayo ngokuvumelanayo, ngentokozo ikhombisa ubuhle bayo.

Izimbali ze-jatropha

Izimbali zeJatropha ziqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyaqhubeka kuze kube ekwindla. Isikhathi sokuqala blooms jatropha cishe iminyaka emi-2. Izimbali ezincane zamakhorali kuze kufike ku-10 mm ububanzi ziqoqiwe kuma-inflorescence a-isambulela. Imvamisa avela phambi kwamaqabunga amakhulu esundu.

Izambulela zivula kancane bese zime zivulekile izinsuku eziningana. E-inflorescence eyodwa, izimbali zabesilisa nabesifazane ziseduze. Abesifazane babamba isikhathi eside, nabesilisa - hhayi ngaphezulu kosuku, kepha ngemuva kwegaqa elivaliwe kuvela ifomu elisha. Izimbali zeJatropha azinamakha. Njengomphumela wezimbali, kwakheka izithelo zonxantathu eziqukethe imbewu e-brown oval.

Imodi yokushisa

Lapho kukhula i-jatropha, kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso wokushisa. Ebusika, ukwehla okushisa kwe- + 15 ° C kuvunyelwe. Ehlobo, imbali igcinwa ku + 18 - 23 ° C. Okuqukethwe okuvunyelwe ekushiseni okujwayelekile kwekamelo. Lokhu kusiza ukwakhiwa kwezimo ngesikhathi sasebusika.

Uma i-jatropha iqala ukwehla amaqabunga, kuyadingeka ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngama-2 - 3 degrees. Lesi sitshalo asithandi okotshani. Noma ehlobo, abamkhiphi ngaphandle.

Ukufafaza

I-Jatropha ekhaya ibekezelela umoya owomile ngokujwayelekile. Ukufafaza akudingeki. Ngenkathi unakekela lesi sitshalo, sula amaqabunga ngendwangu ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ususe uthuli.

Isibani

I-Jatropha isitshalo esisetshenziswa izithombe eziningi, sikhetha ukukhanya okukhanya okukhanyayo. Itholakala kumafasitela abheke empumalanga noma entshonalanga, evikela ekuchayweni ngokuqondile ukukhanya kwelanga. Uma amawindi ebheke enyakatho, imbali ingajwayela indawo enomthunzi. Kepha ngezikhathi ezithile udinga ukuvula isibani sasemuva. Lapho incane i-jatropha, ikhula ngokwengeziwe nangomthunzi. Entwasahlobo, bafundisa ukwandisa amahora emini kancane kancane.

Ukunisela

Njengawo wonke ama-suppulents, i-jatropha iyisitshalo esinamandla. Kugcina umswakama ngaphansi kwesiqu esinamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka ngokulingana. Phakathi kokunisela, izingqimba zenhlabathi ezingaphezulu neziphakathi kufanele zome. Kuma-jatropha, ukubhala amanzi kuyingozi enkulu ukwedlula ngokweqile impande yesitshalo ingaqala ukubola ngisho nangomswakama omaphakathi naphansi. Imvamisa wawunisela njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ehlobo. Ekwindla, uma i-jatropha ingakaqali ukulahla amahlamvu, iyaniselwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu umhlabathi womile.

Lapho amahlamvu elahlwa, ukuthambisa kuyamiswa futhi kuvuselelwa kuphela entwasahlobo lapho kuvela amahlumela amasha. Sebenzisa amanzi afudumele, axazululiwe. Umswakama owengeziwe uholela ekuboshweni kwesiqu, ukuwa kwamaqabunga nokufa kwejatropha.

Imbiza yaseJatropha

Imbali ye-jatropha ekhaya ikhula ngokuvumelanayo futhi izwa kahle uma imbiza ikhethwe kahle. Imbiza ye-jatropha idinga indawo ephansi, ebanzi ngokwanele futhi ezinzile. I-Jatropha ayikubekezeleli ukumiswa komswakama, ngakho-ke u-1/3 wethangi lethangi uyakhishwa ngaphansi kongqimba lwamanzi, izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi kufanele zibe phansi.

Inhlabathi yejatropha

I-Jatropha ithanda isizinda esingamanzi nesingaphefumuleki nge-acidity engathathi hlangothi (pH 6, 5 - 7, 5). Ungathenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ngama-anculents noma ulungiselele inhlabathi nge-jatropha ngokuxuba umhlabathi we-turf, i-peat, inhlabathi yamaqabunga, i-vermiculite, i-perlite (izingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi yamaqabunga thatha ingxenye eyi-1 yezingxenye ezisele).

Ukuze uthuthukise izindawo zokudonsa amanzi ezingaphansi komhlaba, kufakwa kuso isitaki sezitini kuso.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ukufaka umquba nokufaka umanyolo kusiza lesi sitshalo ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, ubukeke muhle futhi muhle. Ukunakekela i-jatropha ekhaya akusho ukuthi kufanelekile ukugqoka phezulu. Ubusika bunqatshelwe. Lesi sitshalo sihlanganiswa ngesikhathi sokukhula ngamandla (kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba) kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-30.

Umanyolo womanyolo we-cacti, ovinjelwe ngesigamu, usetshenziswa ngemuva kokunisela. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenziwa kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu.

Ukufakwa kweJatropha

Ukufakwa kweJatropha kwenziwa ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, emi-5. Maphakathi no-Mashi - Ephreli, lesi sitshalo silayishwa kabusha esitsheni esisha. Ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, isigaxa sobumba empandeni sigcinwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sihlangabezana nengcindezi engaphansi kokufakelwa okujwayelekile.

Ubumba olwandisiwe luthululelwa ezansi kwembiza ebanzi engaxutshwe naluhlaka olungaphansi lapho isitshalo sibekwa khona futhi simbozwe nge-substrate esele, sigcwalisa izungeze izimpande ukuze kungabikho izikhala zomoya. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalijuli iphuzu lokukhula, ngaphandle kwalokho i-jatropha ngeke ikhule. Lesi sitshalo siniselwa kahle futhi sifakwe emanzini. Emavikini ama-2 uzokwazi ukumondla.

Ungalima kanjani i-jatropha

Ukunciphisa i-apex kungaholela ekuhlwanyelweni kwesitshalo. Kepha e-jatropha, ingxenye engenhla ngokuvamile ayinqunywa ukuze ingahlanekisi ukubukeka kwembali kwasekuqaleni. Kulokhu, ukuthena okusetshenziselwa ukuhlanzeka ngenhloso yokususa amaqabunga aphuzi futhi alimile.

Isikhathi sokuphumula seJatropha

Isikhathi sokuphumula se-jatropha siwa ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbali igcinwa emazingeni okushisa amakamelo ajwayelekile, ngaphandle kokushintsha ukukhanya okujwayelekile. Ungondli futhi ungamanzi.

Kungenzeka yini ukushiya i-jatropha ngaphandle kokushiya eholidini?

I-Jatropha iyakubekezelela ukungabikhona kwamabamba, ikakhulukazi uma amaholide ewa ebusika. Ungashiya uthule: ebusika, imbali iphumule. Ngaphambi kokusuka, isitshalo asithelwa ngisho nangamanzi. Uma uhlela ukuya eholidini lamaviki ama-2 ehlobo, imbali iniselwa kahle ngaphambi kokusuka futhi ibekwe endaweni evikelwe kokusalungiswa nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.

Ngokungabikho isikhathi eside ehlobo, kuzofanela ucele izihlobo ukuthi zinakekele imbali.

Ukuzalanisa kweJatropha

Ukusakazeka kweJatropha ekhaya kwenziwa nge-cutical aplic kanye nembewu.

Khula jatropha kusuka enhlanyelweni

Ukutshala kunzima ngoba kulukhuni ukuthola imbewu entsha: alahlekelwa ukuhluma kwazo ezinyangeni ezi-2 emva kokuvunwa.

• Hlwanyela phezulu enhlabathini emanzi.
• Mboza ngefilimu noma ingilazi bese ushiya ku + 23 ° C.
• Isizinda sisuswa ukuze umoya bese unisela izithombo.
• Amahlumela okuqala avame ukuvela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.
• Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva baphonswa ezitsheni ezihlukile.
• Izitshalo zikhula ngokushesha. Amaqabunga amancanyana anomumo oyindilinga, eminyakeni eyi-1, engu-5 azohlukaniswa ngesundu. Kancane kancane, isiqu sesiyoba sikhulu.

Ukusakazwa kweJatropha ngokusikwa

Ukusakazeka ngokusikeka kulula. Izimpande ezisikiwe ezingumsuka, ubude bazo obufinyelele ku-15 cm, zigxilile.

• Emoyeni ovulekile, inxeba loma kuze kube yilapho ijusi selingasaphumi.
• I-cutlery ibekwe kwisisombululo se-stimulator sokubumba izimpande.
• Zitshalwe emhlabathini futhi zimbozwe ngesikhwama sepulasitiki noma ngebhodlela lepulasitiki elisikiwe (izimbobo zenziwa endaweni yokukhosela ukuze izithombo "ziphefumule").
• Ngokushisa kwe + 27 ° C, izimpande zizovela cishe inyanga.
• Indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa bese lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa kwesinye isitsha.
• Ukusika kunqunywa ngokugqoka amagilavu ​​ukuvikela ijusi elinobuthi kusuka ezandleni.

Zombili izindlela zokuzala zisetshenziswa entwasahlobo. Lapho ukhetha indlela, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kunendlela ende ukusuka embewini ukuya kwesinye, futhi isitshalo esiphumela singase sehluke kakhulu esibonelweni sikamama.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

IJatropha isitshalo esiqinile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi sithinteka ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ngokuvamile ukunakekelwa okungafanele kubangela lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• I-jatropha ishiya ubuphele - umswakama okweqile (lungisa ukuchelela);
• amaqabunga e-jatropha ayabuna - ukuntuleka kokukhanya (hlela kabusha endaweni okhanyayo);
• amaqabunga amancane esitshalo mancane kakhulu - ukuntuleka kwezakhi (okuphakelayo);
• amahlamvu engezansi wejatropha aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe - inqubo yemvelo (kuyadingeka ukususa amaqabunga owonakele ngesikhathi);
• izimpande ze-jatropha ziyabola - umswakama okweqile; amanzi abandayo asetshenziselwa ukuchelela (ukunciphisa inani lamanzi athathwe ukunisela; sebenzisa amanzi afudumele);
• amaqabunga e-jatropha aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe - Ukuhlaselwa kwesimungulu sesicabucabu (izinambuzane zihlanzwa ngamanzi afudumele, imbali iphathwa ngesinambuzane);
• izimbali ziyawa - ukulimala kwe-jatropha ngama-thrips (geza ngokucophelela amanzi afudumele kusuka amahlumela namaqabunga ezinambuzane, bese uphatha lesi sitshalo ngesinambuzane);
• jatropha waqala ukukhula kancane -ukudambisa ngokweqile kwesitshalo (umanyolo usetshenziselwa ifomu elihlanjululwe, futhi kumhlabathi omanzi kuphela).

Kwesinye isikhathi i-jatropha ithintwa imhlophe, izimpungushe, izimbuzane zesigcawu, ama-mealybugs, izinambuzane ezilingana nazo.

Izinhlobo ze-jatropha yasekhaya enezithombe namagama

Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-150 ze-jatropha ziyaziwa. Ekhaya, ezinye zazo ziyatshalwa.

IGout Jatropha (Jatropha podagrica)

Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1. Isiqu esenziwe siqinile sibukeka njenge-amphora. Amaqabunga avela kamuva kunezimbali futhi aqukethe izingxenye ezi-5 eziyindilinga ezinemiphetho emide. Ububanzi bepuleti leqabunga bufika ku-20 cm. Amaqabunga amancanyana aluhlaza okotshani obukhanyayo. Kamuva baba mnyama, alahlekelwe inkanuko. Ingxenye engezansi yamaqabunga ne-petiole i-brownish-bluish. Izimbali ezincane zamakhorali ziqoqiwe kuma-inflorescence - izambulela. Ama-Peduncle akhula kancane. Izimbali zihlala inyanga.

I-Jatropha elahliwe (iJatropha multifida)

Ukuphakama kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Amaqabunga amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani ngombala onsomi (isikhungo sikhanya kunemiphetho). Amacembe abanzi (afinyelela ku-25 cm) ahlukaniswe ngama-lobes ayi-6 -11. Emncane, isihlahla sibukeka njengesundu. Ama-peduniking amade anezimbali ezincane zamakhorali aphakama ngaphezu kwamahlamvu.

Jatropha Berlandieri (Jatropha cathartica) Jatropha berlandieri (Jatropha cathartica)

Isihlahla esiphansi. Ukuphakama kwesiqu kungamasentimitha angama-35. Ububanzi bengxenye engaphansi yesindebo buyi-15 - 25 cm. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amise okwesibhakabhaka enombala omnyama namazinyo amancane emaphethelweni. Ama-inflorescence ajwayelekile aqukethe izimbali ezipinki ezikhanyayo.

IJatropha isitshalo sokubonga. Ephendula ukunakekelwa kokuqala, uzokhipha izimbali ezinde, embula izambulela zamakhorali ezikhanyayo ngesiqu esingajwayelekile.