Izinhlobo zezinyoni

Sakha i-'Tale-tale 'eliphakathi kwegadini lethu: ukutshala imithetho nezimpawu ezikhethekile zokunakekelwa

Abalimi abaningi banomdlandla mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezinganekwane. Kulesi sihloko ngeke sixoxisane nje kuphela nezici eziyinhloko, kodwa futhi nezimo zokulima ngokuphumelelayo: izidingo emhlabeni, umswakama kanye nokufaka umquba. Ukulandela ulwazi olutholiwe, ungakwazi ukutshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezinhle futhi uthole isivuno esihle.

Incazelo izinhlobo izinhlobo pears Fairy

I-Pear Fairy Tale - ummeleli wezinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo zama-pears. Bathola i-fairytale ngokuhamba ngezinhlobo zekwindla ePolayalaya ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokubamba ubusika obuqinile ebusika (ngakho-ke ukuphakama okukhulu kwebusika ezihlukahlukene ze-Fairy-tale). Izinhlobonhlobo zatholakala ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 ngabalimi abathathu: Falkenberg, Mazunin noPutyatin. I-Election Fairy Tale ibanjwe eSouth Ural Research Institute.

Kubalulekile! Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenziwa ngokukhethekile ekutshalweni kwesimo sezulu esibi saseSiberia.
Manje lolu hlobo oluphakathi kwe-pear luhlwanyelwe kulo lonke i-CIS, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani (ngaphandle kwesenyakatho esisenyakatho yeRussian Federation).

Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela kumamitha amane. I-pear tree yezinhlobo ze-Fairytale inomumo womqhele we-pyramidal kanye namahlumela aqondile. Amagatsha asuka e-trunk engeni lika 90˚. Umuthi ugcwele amahlamvu amancane, ukhomba emaphethelweni. Amacwecwe amashidi aqoshiwe eluhlaza obumnyama. Izithelo zimibala, zihlaza okwedlulele ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa. Izithelo ezincane zinebala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izithelo zamapayipi amapheya Ama-Fairytale angafinyelela ama-gramu angu-250, kanti isisindo esilinganisweni siyi-180-190 g. Izithelo ziyinambitha enhle kakhulu, enamafutha namathenda. Amapheya aphelile anephunga elimnandi nelinambitheka lezinongo.

Ikhasi liqala ukuqhakaza ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Esinye isici sezinhlobonhlobo yi-samoplodnost, noma kunjalo, ukwandisa inani lezithelo ongasebenzisa impova.

Kubalulekile! Ukwandiswa komkhiqizo kuneminyaka yobudala bomuthi. Inombolo enkulu yezithelo ingaqoqwa kuphela ngonyaka wesihlanu emva kokutshala.

Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene

Ukuhlukahluka kwamanye amapheya kunezinzuzo zombili nezinkinga. Ezinye zazo azibalulekile, kanti ezinye zingaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga isithombo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifanelana nawe noma cha.

Uyazi? Isihlahla saziwa ngezikhathi zasendulo. Ukukhiqizwa kwepeyari kuvela eGrisi lasendulo (iminyaka eyi-1000 BC E.).
Izinzuzo zeBanga:
  • ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane;
  • ubusika obunzima obusika (kufika ku -48 ˚С!);
  • ukunambitheka kakhulu nokuma kwesithelo;
  • okunamathiselwe okuhle kwezithelo egatsheni;
  • ukubekezela kwesomiso.
Amazinga Okungabikho:
  • ifulethi elifushane kakhulu lezithelo;
  • ngaphansi komonakalo ngesikhathi sokuhamba;
  • umzimba omkhulu ongaphezu kwenhlabathi.
Ngakho-ke, ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyisimo esihle sokugcina izithelo, okungeke kuvumele ukulungisa amapheya ebusika. Naphezu kwalokhu, uzoqiniseka ukuthi lesi sihlahla ngeke siqede ebusika, futhi lapho kufika entwasahlobo ngeke ukwazi ukushaya izifo noma izinambuzane.

Kubalulekile! Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane akuxhomekile esimweni sezulu noma izimo ezikhulayo.

Amanye ama-nuances wokutshala izithombo zezinyoni eziphakathi kwezingwane

I-Pear Fairytale yize ihlaziya izimo zokuboshwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yokutshala nokukhula kwezinhlobo. Kuxhomeke kokufanele futhi ngesikhathi esifanele ukutshala ukuthi ngabe ukusikwa kwesinkwa kuyothatha izimpande noma kubhubhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isayithi elingalungile lokufika lingakunciphisa isivuno noma kuholele ekulimaleni okwakhiwe ngezakhiwo ngezimpande zomuthi.

Lapho ukutshala

Izithombo ezithengiwe zidinga ukutshala phakathi kwekwindla (ngasekupheleni kuka-September-Okthoba). Ukutshala ekwindla ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo silele futhi phakathi nobusika ngeke kube ngaphansi kwezimo ezilimazayo. Ukutshala entwasahlobo kunokwenzeka, kepha udinga ukubamba ngaphambi kokuhamba kwamanzi emthini. Uma isithombo sithengwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kungcono ukuyihlwanyela ebhodweni elikhulu bese uyishiya isikhashana egazini noma igaraji ngokufinyelela ekukhanyeni.

Uyazi? I-China yikhiqizi elikhulu eliphakathi kwezwe.

Indlela yokukhetha nokulungisa indawo yepeyari

Ukuze i-pear ithathe izimpande bese inikeza isivuno esihle, kudingeka ukhethe indawo efanele ezohlangabezana nezidingo ezilandelayo:

  • ukubonakala okuphansi kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
  • akukho ungqimba lobumba obunamamitha amathathu;
  • indawo flat;
  • ukukhanya okuhle;
  • ukungabikho kwezakhiwo eduze kwesihlahla (lokhu okubalulekile akulimazi leli peari, kodwa isisekelo sezakhiwo sizolimala);
  • inhlabathi kufanele ibe eyomile futhi ingabi usawoti.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamaparele ziyinto enhle kakhulu, yize kungabonakali ekukhuliseni inhlabathi, kodwa uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu kakhulu, usadingeka ukutshala isakhiwo.

Umuthi ukhula kahle emhlabathini okhanyayo, ophefumulayo ongahlali ngaphandle kwe-humus. Uma indawo yonke ingasebenzi kahle, kufanele ulungise kahle imbobo. Umgodi ngaphansi kwe-sapling ukumba inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala, ukuze umhlabathi ube nesikhathi sokuxazulula. Emva kwalokho, inhlabathi isuswe emgodini ixubene nama-humus ne-potash-phosphate fertilizer. Uma inhlabathi isicacile kakhulu, bese kusetshenziswa i-lime noma umuthi wokhuni.

Kubalulekile! Ukwenza umquba omusha uma ukutshala kungavunyelwe ngokuphelele!
Umgodi kufanele uhambelane nobukhulu bezimpande, akufanele kube ama-cobblestones, izidakamizwa ezivuthiwe zezitshalo noma ezinye izidumbu.

Indlela yokutshala izithombo

Ukutshala okufanelekile kwezithombo akukhawulelwanga ukulungiswa kwe-substrate. Ukuze umuthi uhlale phansi, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande noma amahlumela abuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokufika emhlabathini.

Ngaphambi kokufaka umquba emgodini, izimpande kufanele zihlanzwe (ngamanzi afudumele) futhi zihlolwe ngokucophelela. Ukuba khona kwezimpande ezibolile nezigulayo akuvunyelwe, kumele zisuswe. Ngemuva kwaloko, unqume izimpande ezide kakhulu, unike isimo esimisiwe esimisweni sempande (kodwa ungathathwa, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi ngeke usinde). Izingcezu zingelashwa nge-activated carbon chips. Futhi unake amahlumela. Uma kukhona obolile noma owomile - ukusika.

Kubalulekile! Uma izimpande zomile kakhulu, ke kubalulekile ukucwilisa insimu emanzini usuku lokucwilisa. Uma isitshalo namaqabunga asesimweni esifanayo, sonke isitshalo sigxila emanzini.
Ukutshala kwenziwa ngesimo sezulu esomile, esingenamimoya, ukuze isitshalo singabi nhlobo, kanti izimpande aziqali ukubola ngenxa yobuningi obuningi bomswakama.

Ukujula komgodi akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-80 cm, nobubanzi - kufika ku-1.5 m. Uhlaka olungezansi lususiwe, kanti phezulu (ngokufaka umquba) kusetshenziselwa ukubeka umgodi wokulala.

Ngaphambi kokungena emgodini, izimpande zidinga ukuqondiswa ukuze zihlale endaweni ephezulu. Ukutshala kwenziwa ukuze intamo impande ingafihli i-substrate (kufanele ibe sezingeni eliphansi, noma ngaphezulu kuka-5-7 cm). Uma ugcwalisa umgodi emgodini, gxilisa kancane kancane isithombo ukuze ususe "amaphakheji emoyeni". Qinisekisa ukushayela ukwesekwa ngesimo senkuni enkuni ebangeni elingama-35-30 cm ukusuka enkabeni yomgodi. Emva kokutshala, yenze imbobo eyisiyingi eduze kwenzalo bese uthela amanzi anele lapho ukuze inhlabathi inomswakama kodwa ingaguquki.

Uyazi? I-pear enkulu kunazo zonke yanyuka eSouth Wales (Australia) ngo-1985. Izithelo isisindo sifike ngo 1405 g.

Amanye amathiphu wokunakekela ikhasi elihle kakhulu ensimini

Ukuhluma okuhle kohlobo lwe-Pear Fabric kuncike ekukhuliseni kwenhlabathi nokutshala kuphela, kodwa futhi ekunakekelweni okuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, ake sikhulume ngemithetho yokunisela, ukusika futhi ukufaka umquba ngesikhathi esifanele.

Zingaphindwe kangakanani ukuphuza ikhasi

Uyazi kakade ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nesomiso, kuyilapho kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-juiciness yesithelo itholakele ngokuchitha inqwaba yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, izinkathi ezibaluleke kakhulu uma ipeyidinga idinga ukuchelela okunengi kuvela ekuqaliseni kwezimbali kuze kubuthe izithelo. Njengoba lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sezulu eshisayo, kudingeka uqaphele umswakama wenhlabathi nsuku zonke. Uma inhlabathi isomile, khona-ke umuthi uphuziswa ngaphansi kwezimpande, usebenzisa okungenani ama-5-6 amabhakede amanzi (inani lamanzi adingekayo yi-seedling encane kakhulu).

Ukunisela akukwazi ukusebenzisa abaprayisi, ngoba umswakama emaqabunga uholela ekushiseni.

Indlela yokuphatha umanyolo we-pear

Ngisho nenhlabathi evundile kunazo zonke iphelile isikhathi, okudingayo ukugqoka i-pear.

Eminyakeni yokuqala engu-2-3 emva kokutshala leli peyari kufanele likhule ngamammonium nitrate, uma ukukhula kwalo sekuyehla kakhulu. Ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokumba ngokulula, basebenzisa umanyolo ofanayo njengesikhathi sokutshala. Umbuthano ozungeza isiqu ukhonjisiwe futhi umanyolo omuncu kanye nezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlanganisiwe kuwo. Kuye ngobukhulu bomuthi, lungisa ububanzi bombuthano ukuze ukwandise ukukhipha izinto eziwusizo. Ngentwasahlobo ungenza ukuthengwa kwama-fertilizer, okudalwa ngokuqondile ngamapheya, kodwa qinisekisa ukuthi ukubunjwa kwamaminerali kwakuhlukile, njengoba inani elikhulu lezinto ezifanayo lingalimaza isitshalo.

Buka ukusawoti komhlabathi, okungaphezu kweminyaka edlule. Ungakhohlwa ukwenza i-lime emhlabathini, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi ungabuna.

Uyazi? Isihlobo esiseduzane sepeyari i-rose!

Indlela yokunciphisa ikhasi

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bazi ukuthi ukusika izihlahla akugcini nje ukukwenza kube mnandi, kodwa futhi kukhulisa ukukhula, kusiza ukuqeda izinambuzane emagatsheni owomile nokwandisa umkhiqizo. Ukusika izihlahla kwamapheya kwenziwa entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-5 ˚С.

Siqala ngemithetho yokusika izihlahla, okumelwe zigcinwe ukuze zingalimazi leli peari.

  1. Udinga ukuqala ukudubula ngamagatsha asuka esihlahleni somuthi.
  2. Sika izihluthulelo ezidingekayo ezingxenyeni ezifanele.
  3. Uma ububanzi behlumela bungaphezu kuka-3 cm, kuqala kuqala igatsha lisuka phansi, bese livela phezulu.
  4. Ngemva kokuqeda ukusika, udinga ukuvala ubumba noma izinga lokulima.
  5. Umanyolo akufanele usetshenziswe izinsuku ezingu-25-30 ngemuva komcimbi.
Manje hamba ku-pruning kakhulu. Okokuqala, unciphise isitshalo sesitshalo ngo-¼. Linganisa isigamu semitha kusuka kwikhola yezimpande bese unquma wonke amahlumela angaphansi kwalokhu uphawu. Ukuze uthole izithelo ezinkulu, shiya amagatsha amane eceleni, bese uthatha konke okunye. Lezi zihlahla zizoba yisisekelo futhi esikhathini esizayo zizokwenza umqhele womuthi.

Uma i-pearlsti ye-pear, amagatsha anamakhi ama-ovari adingeka ukuba aguqulwe ukuze ahlolwe ngephutha lomuthi. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba uvune kalula.

Ngonyaka owodwa emva kwalokhu kudoba, unciphise amagatsha asembili ukunciphisa ukuqina nokunciphisa ingozi yezinambuzane.

Kubalulekile! Umuthi omdala awudingi ukunciphisa kwesikhala sonyaka, ngoba ukukhula kwepeyari kunciphisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa nokugcina izithelo

Ukuvuna emthini kungaqoqwa ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, kodwa uma isimo sezulu sishisa futhi kungekho mvula, ungakwazi ukulinda ngokuvuna. Esihlahleni somuthi ovuthiwe asithinteki.

Njengoba izithelo zingagcini izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-10-12 emva kokuvuna, kufanele zifakwe ngokushesha ama-juice, i-compotes noma i-jam.

Iqoqo lenziwa ngesimo sezulu esomile. Kunconywa ukuqoqa zonke izithelo ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuze ungalahlekelwa ezinye zokuvuna. Emva kokuqoqa, hlola amapheya bese ulahla obolile, ophukile noma owonakele yizinambuzane. Izithelo ezimele noma ezilimele azigcini izinsuku ezingu-10 futhi zingabangela ukubola kwezithelo eziseduze.

Kubalulekile! Lapho izithelo ziqala ukuwohloka, inyama iyashintsha.
Uma amapareyi kufanele athunyelwe, kufanele abekwe kuphela emgqeni owodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho izithelo ezinomthelela zizochoboza.

Naphezu kwesikhala esincane esifushane, izithelo zingenziwa iqhwa njengento yonke, noma ngefomu elihlaza (izicucu noma amazambane ahlambulukile). Kuleli fomu, ungagcina ukunambitheka nokubunjwa kwe-vitamin yesithelo. Futhi, ekushiseni kwama-2 ˚C amapheya angagcinwa esiqandisini cishe inyanga. Ngeshwa, azikho ezinye izinketho zesitoreji eside sezithelo.

Manje ujwayele izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zamaPareyi amahle, wazi ngemithetho yokutshala nokunakekelwa, okuzokusiza uthole isivuno esihle futhi uvikele lesi sihlahla ezifweni nasezinambuzane.