Ukutshala imbewu kaMomordica ezitshalweni
Momordica, Eyaziwa nangokuthi ikhukhamba yasendle, ikhukhamba yamaNdiya, ikhukhamba-ingwenya, i-liana eshisayo, i-pear balsamic kanye nezinye eziningi, iyisitshalo se-liana esifana nonyaka somndeni wempukane.
Ingatshalwa njengegumbi lesigumbi, ezweni noma ensimini yokuhlobisa (izimbali nezithelo zomama zibukeka zinhle kakhulu), kanye nesitshalo semifino noma isitshalo sokudokotela.
Uyazi? I-Momordica iqukethe i-beta carotene kabili kakhulu njenge-broccoli; i-calcium kabili kakhulu njengesipinashi, futhi i-potassium kabili kakhulu njengebhanana! Amanye ama-momordica compounds asiza ukuphulukisa i-HIV, futhi ijusi layo libulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza we-pancreatic!
Izakhiwo ezibalwe yilezi zitshalo zodwa ziyisizathu esanele sokufunda konke mayelana ne-momordika.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala
Isitshalo singase sande ngokusika, kodwa indlela ethandwa kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo ukukhula momordica kusuka imbewu.
Imbewu kaMomordica ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, noma kunjalo, kusukela lesi sitshalo sine-thermophilic, kungcono ukukhula izithombo kuqala. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Uma ukhetha imbewu yokutshala, ukhetho kufanele lunikezwe abamnyama, ngoba bavuthiwe ngokugcwele.
Njengoba imbewu ka-momordica inegobolondo elinyene kakhulu, ngaphandle kokucubungula okungeziwe ngaphambi kokutshala, ngenxa yalokho igobolondo langaphandle liyophulwa, lihluma kabi kakhulu.
Igobolondo lezinhlamvu ezivela eceleni kwempumu lixubhaniswa nge-sandpaper elithambile noma ifayela le-nail, emva kwalokho imbewu ifakwe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate noma kunoma yisiphi isithuthukisi sokukhula, esongezwe nge-gauze noma indwangu emanzi, efakwe endaweni efudumele (hhayi ngezansi + 25 ° C) futhi igcinwe eziningana izinsuku (ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo ingathatha amasonto amabili) kuze kube khona umgogodla omhlophe ovela kwimbewu.
Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukunqwabelana ngembewu endaweni emanzi ngaphambi kokutshala, ngaphandle kwalokho uzobola!
Ukwakheka komhlaba kanye nomanyolo
I-Momordica inesimiso sezintambo ezibuthakathaka futhi iphendula kabi kakhulu ekuvezeni izimpande, okubeka izidingo ezithile zenhlabathi. Kukhululekile lokhu lesi sitshalo uzizwa emhlabathini ogcwala ama-humus ngobuningi bokubumba nobuningi obukhulu beshlabathi, ukungathathi hlangothi noma okuncane kakhulu.
Uma utshala, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe futhi iphethwe kahle. Njalo kabili ngenyanga emva kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi kumele iphinde ifakwe ngamaminerali (i-potash ne-phosphate).
Njengezo zonke ithanga, i-momordica ayibekezeli ukufakelwa, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukutshala imbewu kulezimbiza ezigcwele umxube onomsoco, imbewu emibili emaphethelweni ngamunye. Ukujula kokufika - cishe amasentimitha angu-1 nengxenye.
Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ingcwatshwe emhlabathini, kufanele ichithe ngokukhululekile ngamanzi afudumele futhi ihlanganiswe ngendwangu eyomile yenhlanganisela. Khona-ke izimbiza zimbozwe ifilimu ukuze zenze umphumela wokushisa futhi zifakwe endaweni evikelwe eziklanyeni kanye nezinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni. Izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-2-3 emva kokutshala umhlabathi ezimbizeni akufanele ziphuze.
Ukushisa okuhluma
Ukushisa okukhulu kokuhluma kwezimpande momordiki- + 20 ° C nangaphezulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amahlumela okuqala kufanele avele cishe kwezinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-15 emva kokutshala.
Ukunakekela izithombo ze-momordica
Emva kokuhluma kwesithombo, le filimu isusiwe, futhi izimbiza ziyiswa endaweni elula. Inhlabathi emiphakathini akumele ime, okwakunconywa ukuyiphonsa kusihlwa.
Lapho lesi sitshalo sikhipha amaqabunga amabili okuqala (hhayi ukubala ama-cotyledons), kusuka emahlumela amabili akhetha amandla, okwesibili sisusiwe.
Izithombo ezinzima
Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo ze-momordica (kufanele kakade zakha amaqabunga ama-2-3 weqiniso) kancane kancane ziqale ukuzijwayeza izimo zangaphandle - ukufutheka. Ukushisa okuncane akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala, izithombo kufanele zibe ngaphandle kwamahora ambalwa, futhi amahlumela amancane kufanele avikelwe ilanga eliqondile, kusukela ukuqeqeshwa ekukhanyeni, kanye nokushisa okuphansi, kufanele kwenzeke kancane kancane.
Ukwandisa ukuchayeka emoyeni kufanele kube kancane kancane, ukwengeze ihora noma amabili nsuku zonke, futhi ngesikhathi sokufika emhlabathini izithombo kufanele zibe ngaphandle kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu.
Uma, ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zisendaweni yokushisa, esikhundleni sokuzikhiphela ngaphandle, ungamane uvuselele ukushisa okushisa futhi kamuva ushiye iminyango evulekile ubusuku bonke.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Izikhathi ezihle zokufika
Isikhathi esihle sezithombo zokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile siyizinsuku ezingama-40-45. I-Momordica ingokwezitshalo ezithisa ukushisa, ebusuku amaqhwa angabhubhisa amahlumela amancane, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya elingezansi +15 ° C liholele ekutheni ukukhula kwezitshalo kumile. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukutshala i-momordika ekushiseni okushisa, kungenziwa ekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Uma, noma kunjalo, uhlela ukukhula ikhukhamba laseNdiya ngaphandle, kufanele ugxile kwisihlahla se-apula lapho ukhetha isikhathi sokutshala - uma usukhula, ungatshala. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuphakathi kukaJuni.
Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwesayithi
UMomordica uthanda ukukhanya nokushisa, lokhu kunquma ukukhetha isayithi lokufika. Kungcono ukuthi ivikelwe emoyeni futhi ilanga eliqondile phakathi nosuku.
Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi ukuze ukhule nge-momordiki, kufanele usebenzise ingxube ye-urea, i-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate - ithisipuni eyodwa ibhakede ngalinye lomquba (noma umquba womquba) ngomitha wendawo yombhede.
Ungayondla inhlabathi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, kodwa inhlabathi enomsoco kufanele iqedwe ekwindla ene-lime (kusuka kwesigamu kuya ezinkomishi ezilodwa nengxenye ngomitha wesikwele).
Abanduleli abalungile
I-Momordica ikhula kahle emva kwamazambane, utamatisi, izitshalo ezihlukahlukene ezimhlophe futhi ayithandi njengabandulela bayo izitshalo zamathambo.
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo
Izimbobo zezitshalo zilungiselelwe ngokucishe zibe ngu-40 cm, zigcina ibanga elingama-50-60 cm phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngaphakathi ngqo emgodini (noma ngemuva kokubeka ungqimba lomhlabathi ohlanganiswe nomanyolo ohlanganiswe nohlaka oluhlanzekile lwehlabathi elivundile kulo) i-peat pot. Okulandelayo, umgodi ushicilelwe futhi uphuze kakhulu (amalitha amathathu amanzi ngamapulangwe).
Ukunakekela kukaMomordica
Ngokuvamile, ikhukhamba elikhukhumezayo ayinakuzithoba, kodwa nokho ukunakekelwa kwe-momordica kunezici ezithile.
Ikakhulukazi, ukufeza isivuno esihle, izidingo zamamordika ukwakheka okufanele: zonke izinqubo ze-lateral ezingeni eliphakeme lika-50 cm emhlabathini emva kokubonakala kwe-ovary yokuqala kumele zisuswe, zishiye amahlumela amathathu kuphela.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhukhamba le-fruiting idinga i-pollinination yokufakelwa: uthathe imbali yesilisa futhi uthinte kalula imbali yesifazane (iyakwenza kancane kancane futhi ifane nesithelo)
Ukuphuza nokuphalaza ama-momordika
Phakathi nenkathi yokukhula, ikhukhamba laseNdiya idinga ukuchelela okunengi, kodwa uhlelo oluyisimiso sezinto ezibuthakathaka lwesitshalo luyakwazi ukubola, ngakho-ke inani eliningi kakhulu lomswakama liyingozi kulo.
Ukuphalaza kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela nokupuniza akubandayo kakhulu.
Ukukhulula nokuhlanganisa umhlaba
Ukulala ne-momordika kungenziwa utshani obunamathele noma udoti, luzoheha izibungu zomhlaba, zihlinzekwe ngobuningi bomhlabathi futhi zifake umoya. Ukuze uvimbele ukukhuphuka komswakama kusuka emhlabathini, kungabuye kuhlanganiswe ne-black agrofibre. Lokhu kuzovikela futhi inhlabathi ekudluleleni kwezinga lokushisa.
Ukuxubha umlenze kukuvumela ukuba ungalutholi ukhula futhi ukhulule phansi, ukuze isimiso sezinto ezibuthakathaka zesitshalo singeke sibe ngaphansi kokulimala okuyimishini.
Umanyolo kanye nesitshalo sokudla
Ukondla i-momordica kuqala ezinkathini zokuqala zezimbali, khona - ngesikhathi se-fruiting kanye nesikhathi sokugcina - amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuphela kokuvuna. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umanyolo obunzima wamaminerali (1 tbsp) nendaba ephilayo, njenge-mullein (1 tsp Kashitsy), ihlanjululwe ebhakedeni lamanzi.
I-Garter ekusekelwa (trellis)
Momordica - Lena umvini, ngakho udinga ukwesekwa. Kungatshalwa eceleni kwezindonga ze-gazebo noma ufake ukusekelwa ngendlela yegridi noma uhlaka oluqondile. I-barbar engezansi kufanele ibe khona ekuphakameni kwama-80-90 cm. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuphunyuka kufinyelele emgqeni we-crossbar, kufanele kuphonswe phezu kwayo futhi emva kwephini elingama-20-30 cm.
Uyazi? Kuze kube yilapho ukuhluma, amaqabunga e-momordica, uma ethintwa, angabangela ukushisa okufana ne-nettle. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela isitshalo kuyadingeka emagulini.
Ukuvuna
Ukuvuna kwamakhukhamba aseNdiya kufanele kuvunyiwe cishe amasonto amabili emva kokuvela izithelo, kamuva baqala ukunambitha okubabayo.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuvamile izithelo ziphuka, lapho kubonakala khona abantu abasha kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ushiya isithelo esihlahleni, i-momordika iyancipha.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-momordiki, indlela yokubhekana nazo
I-Momordica ayiyona into ebizwa ngokuthi ikhukhamba. Ngaphezu kokufaniswa kwangaphandle kwalezi ziko, izitha ezivamile. Okokuqala kukho konke i-aphid, i-powdery isikhutha, i-white white ne-bacteriosis.
Kubalulekile ukuphatha lesi sitshalo ngamakhemikhali akhethekile ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo zivele: i-powdery isikhutha - i-fungicides, i-colloidal sulfur, oxychloride yethusi; i-anthracnose ne-cladosporia - I-Bordeaux ingxube.
Amahlamvu aphuzi ku-momordika kungaba umphumela wokudonsa okushisayo okushisayo. Lesi sitshalo singadliwa u-anyanisi esikhiqizwayo bese siphambanisa ukumnika komlotha.
Izimpande ezibolile ungazama ukusingathangokuthulula inhlabathi evundile yomhlabathi omusha (kuze kube ngu-5 cm) ezungeze isitshalo, kodwa uma isitshalo sinyuka, kufanele siguwe, futhi umgodi ugcwale inhlabathi evundile.
Cishe zonke izifo ze-momordiki ziwumphumela wokunakekelwa okungafanele kwesitshalo, okokuqala kukhonjelwa ngokweqile, ngenxa yalokho ukuxhumana okubuthakathaka kwekhukhamba yamaNdiya kubonakalisiwe - uhlelo lwempande. 
