Amaholide okugcina amafilimu ahlukile ukwakhiwa okulula. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyisimo sefrimu enefilimu ethwetshiwe. Ungayifaka ngokwakho, into eyinhloko ukukhetha izinto zokuthenga ezifanele futhi unqume ukuqina kohlaka.
Izinzuzo nezinhlobo zefilimu
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani kubamba ukushisa okusetshenziselwa ukumboza ukushisa okushisa. Khetha okuningi kubalulekile:
- izinto ukukhanya kakhuluNgakho-ke, inqubo yokufaka kanye nokufaka ilula kakhulu;
- Ukushisa okunjalo kulungile kudlula umoya futhi ilanga, ukunikeza izimo ezifanele zokutshala izitshalo;
- ifilimu inayo isisindo esincane, kodwa uhlukile ekumeni okuphezulu kokugqoka nokuthembeka.
Phakathi kwe u-cons kukhona eyodwa kuphela, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu - le filimu isaba ukusikeka.
Ngokuphathelene nobubanzi, ungakhetha lawo ma-subtypes athile:
- Ifilimu eqinile ye-hydrophilic: kuqeda ukwakheka kwe-condensate ezindongeni zesakhiwo, okuyinto, ngendlela, engalimaza izitshalo. Umswakama usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo futhi uhlahlela phansi izindonga, kodwa awunqamuki.
- I-ethylene vinyl acetate i-copolymer. Ibonakala ngamandla amakhulu, i-hydrophilicity, ukukhanya (kuze kube ngu-92%). Ukuphikisana nokuqothulwa kwemimoya eqinile, izinga lokushisa lokushisa.
- Indwangu eqinisiwe yokukhanya. Ihlanganisa izingxenye ezikhethekile zokukhanyisa ukukhanya, ngakho-ke kuvimbela kalula amandla okubhubhisa ama-UV emisebe.
- Ifilimu nezithasiselo. Ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo amandla esakhiwo, kubonakala umphumela we-antistatic, kungaba i-hydrophilic, ukwesabe ama-parasites.
- Ifilimu eqinisekisiwe. Ukuhlala kakhulu: ubukhulu bezintambo zalo kufinyelela ku-0.3 millimeters, ngenxa yalokhu kulwa nemithwalo esindayo. Kodwa kubonakala ngokudluliselwa okuphansi kokukhanya.
- Indaba "Svetlitsa". It has a tint yellow, ekahle ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu. Inkomba yamandla izikhathi ezingu-3 eziphakeme kunemikhiqizo efanayo kulolu hlu.
- Ifilimu yokushisa. Ngokuqinisekile ivikela ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa kanye namasipha wesakhiwo, nezitshalo ezingaphakathi.
Esikhathini esihlukile isigaba ukuhlinzeka ukumboza izinto ezingavunyelwe. Ziyaqhubeka zisetshenziselwa ukuhlela izithombo zokugcina nezithombo zokugcina izithombo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo emakethe; isibonelo, ungakhetha spunbond, i-agrompan, I-Agrotex kanye nabanye.
Ehlukile izinzuzo nonwovens:
- kudlulisa imisebe ye-UV nomswakama kahle, kodwa kubonakala ukuba khona kwesimo esiqinile, esiqeda ngokuphelele imiphumela eyingozi yelanga phezu kwezitshalo ezikhulile;
- izinto ezingezona eziboshwe ziqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwe-microclimate enhle ngoba abatholi umswakama obuningi. Inhlabathi futhi ayimile;
- i-greenhouse ngokwayo ishisa masinyane futhi ihlehle kancane kancane;
- ukunakekela indawo enjalo njengokulula ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngokuvamile abalimi bayazibuza: kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa ifilimu yokudla evamile njengezinto zokubamba ukushisa? Impendulo izobe ingalingani: cha. Iqiniso liwukuthi lo mkhiqizo wenziwa nge-polyethylene ephakeme kakhulu. Kule ndaba, amandla aphezulu ayinalo.
Khetha indaba yefreyimu
Uhlaka lubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-greenhouse, njengoba inikeza ukukhuthazeka ngokuphathelene nokuqhuma okuqinile kwamandla okushisa komoya nokushisa. Yingakho ifreyimu, okokuqala, kufanele ibe ethembekile.
- Amafreyimu enkuni. Jabulela ethandwa kakhulu ngoba ayabizi futhi kulula ukuyifaka. Kulezi zimayini kungabizwa ngokuthi impilo emfushane yenkonzo kanye nesidingo sokugcinwa njalo.
- Ama-steel frame. Qinisekisa amandla nokuqina kwesakhiwo (amashumi eminyaka). Ngokuqondene nokushiyeka, ukushisa okunjalo kuyodla okungaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifreyimu yensimbi ye-ifilimu ihlangene besebenzisa amabakaki ayingqayizivele noma i-welding, okuyinkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi futhi yandisa inani lezindleko ezizayo.
- Ama-aluminium ozimele. Zibiza kakhulu kunamamodeli angenhla, kodwa zihlukaniswa ngamandla aphezulu, isisindo esincane nokumelana nokubola.
- Amafolda epulasitiki. Kulula ukuhlangana, kulula, engabizi. Kodwa ngokwamandla, ashiya okuningi okudingekayo.
Agrovlokno for zokugcina izithombo nezinye izinto zokuhlala
Ngaphandle kwefilimu yendawo yokuhlala yokushisa, ungasebenzisa ezinye izinto zokwakha. Ikakhulukazi:
- ingilazi. Ukuthungwa kahle kwekhamera kwekamelo, kudlulisa ukukhanya. Kodwa ishidi ngalinye lesilazi likhulu kakhulu, okusho ukulungiswa kohlaka oluqinisiwe. Okubhaliwe ngokwayo kunzima kakhulu;
- agrofibre. I-synthetic tile, efana nezakhiwo ezenziwe ngendwangu engekho eboshwe. Kuthulwe kuhlu olubanzi kakhulu. Izinhlobo zayo ezidume kakhulu yi-agrospan, agrotex, spunbnot, agril, kanye ne-pegas-agro, lutrasil, nabanye;
- polycarbonate yeselula. Kubonakala ngokukhanya okuphezulu, ukushisa ukushisa. Amandla okushicilela akwanele ukulwa nesichotho esinamandla, ukuqhuma umoya, iqhwa. Lezi zinto zilula, ziguquguqukayo, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukudala izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe.
Izindlela zokuqinisa ifilimu kuhlaka
Ungakhetha izindlela eziningana:
- u-Abrahama waboshwa kuze kube sekugcineni. Ifilimu engavunyelwe ngokuvamile iphula izipikili ezivela emoyeni oqinile. Futhi le ndlela ivumela ukugwema imiphumela engathandeki: indaba ifakwe kuphela ekupheleni kwesakhiwo;
- wakhe. Kuhilela ukusetshenzwa kwamapulangwe, izikhonkwane noma izipikili zokulungisa ifilimu. Kanti futhi i-tape yokupaka efanelekayo: ingavikeleka ngokuyisisekelo;
Nakani! Lolu khetho lufanelekile kuphela ezimele ozimele!
- omfisha, amavidyo. Kuthengiswe kunoma yisiphi isitolo se-hardware. Ukwenza kube lula ukwenza inqubo, ngaphezu kwalokho ayithengi;
- ama-eyelets kanye nentambo yokuqina. Isistimu yokulungisa ihlanganisa ukuqhuma i-PFH kuphrofayili nefilimu (ezindongeni eziseceleni, ophahleni, ekupheleni kwesakhiwo).
Nakani! Kuphela okufanelekile ifilimu eqinile, kungcono ngokungezwa kwe-cuff.
- indophi, intambo, intambo ehlanganisiwe. Isimo esiyinhloko okumelwe sihanjiswe kuyo ukubopha ukushisa okushiwo yi-Z, okusho ukuthi, phakathi kwezintambo ezimbili ezihambisanayo;
- imeshini. Okokuqala, i-greenhouse ihlanganiswa nefilimu, ke-ngegridi. Lesi sigaba siboshwe emzimbeni.
Izindlela zokuhlanganisa amafilimu
Zonke izindlela zokubopha ifilimu zingahlukaniswa kushisa futhi kubanda.
Okushisayo. Udinga ukulungisa i-soldering iron (noma iron), i-tape fluoroplastic.
- sibeka imicu yefilimu komunye nomunye. Ububanzi be-overlap kufanele kube ngu-1-2 cm;
- insimbi noma i-soldering iron tip ngokusebenzisa i-tape fluoroplastic kancane isebenzisa phezulu.
Ngeke, ngokushesha, hhayi ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi uqale ukuqhuba.
Kunenye indlela ehilela ukusebenzisa i-blowtorch kanye nemichilo ebanzi yensimbi (5-10 cm).
- Amafilimu amabili wefilimu abekwe phakathi kwendawo ephahleni kanye nezinsimbi zensimbi ngendlela yokuthi kutholakala u-1-1.5 cm;
- Ukusebenzisa i-blowtorch, ukushisa ukuhlanganyela.
Nakani! Kubalulekile ukuthi ungagcini insimbi, kungenjalo ifilimu ngaphansi kwayo iyancibilika!
Cold. Cabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-adhesives ahlukahlukene, njengokuthi BF-4, BF-2, "Umzuzu". Ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi, izindawo zokuhlobaniswa okuhloswe phezu kwefilimu zicutshungulwa i-anhydride ye-chromic (Isixazululo esingu-25% sizokwenza).
Ungasebenzisa futhi i-superglue ekhethekile yokuhlanganisa ifilimu yeplastiki. Kulokhu, umcibisholo ngeke uphumelele kuphela, kodwa ngisho.
Nakani! I-Hotmelt iglue for stitching seams ngeke isebenze!
Izigaba zokulungiselela
Akukhona nje kuphela ukusebenza kwayo, kodwa futhi izici zokulinganisela, ezilinganiselwe zesitshalo ngokuqondile zixhomeke ekukhethweni kwendawo yokushisa, ukuhambisana nemithetho yokufaka.
Ungamisa ukukhetha kwakho kusuka kwenye yezinhlobo zezakhiwo, ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi ebekiwe ngaphambi kwakho:
- ngokwemigomo yokusetshenziswa - entwasahlobo-ehlobo nonyaka;
- ngohlobo lokwakha - lugqoke futhi lube ne-hangar, i-block kanye nomhubhe;
- ngendlela yokwakhiwa - indawo yokuhlala, i-hydroponic noma inhlabathi;
- ukuya lapho - izithombo nemifino;
- ngohlobo lokugqoka olusetshenziswa - kusuka ku-polymer, ingilazi noma ifilimu;
- kwizinto lapho ifreyimu enziwe khona - iskuni, i-aluminium, iplastiki, eyenziwe nge-galvanized.
Ngemuva kokuthi unqume uhlobo lokwakha, udinga ukukhetha indawo ephumelele kakhulu ekufakweni kwayo, ukugxila kumaphuzu okukhalenda. Kulokhu, kunezikhundla ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-latitudinal: izinhlangothi zesakhiwo zibheke enyakatho naseningizimu, iziqhumane zisempumalanga nasentshonalanga;
- I-meridional: imigwaqo engasemuva ibheke entshonalanga nasempumalanga, kuyilapho iziqhumane ze-greenhouse - enyakatho naseningizimu.
Insimu eyabelwe indawo kumele ilungiselelwe ngokucophelela:
- kufanele ihlanzwe udoti;
- hlola ukuthi ayikho imigodi emhlabathini;
- Ubuso kumele bube bushelelezi: ukutholakala kwemithambeka kuyoholela ekuphazamiseni isakhiwo.
Nokho, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola indawo ephelele, isisekelo sokushisa okuluhlaza kufanele sibekwe nakanjani. Ungasebenzisa izinto ezihlukene: imithi, uvimba, ukhonkolo.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokufaka i-greenhouse ngaphansi kwefilimu
Isinyathelo 1
Lungiselela ngokucophelela indawo ehlelwe eceleni yokwakhiwa. Kulungile thina sidonsa phansi. Siqinisa ibhokisi lamabhodi emakhoneni ngosizo lokuqiniswa.
Isinyathelo 2
Ngesikhathi sesisekelo sesisekelo silungiselela izintambo eziningana zokuqinisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi bahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo. Ukwakhiwa kwendawo ka-3 × 6 m kuzothatha cishe ama-35 amathanga.
Siba imigodi emhlabathini kuze kube yingxenye yesigamu semitha futhi siwaqinise ngokucophelela.
Isinyathelo 3
Ngemuva kokuthi imigoqo iqiniswe, udinga ukubeka amapayipi e-PVC kubo (ukusika kusengaphambili). Lokhu kuzoxhuma imigoqo yokuqinisa ehlangene.
Isinyathelo 4
Ukusebenzisa i-screwdriver, lungisa ipayipi le-PVC ngensimbi yensimbi.
Isinyathelo 5
Senza ukuqiniswa okwengeziwe kwesakhiwo, ukusebenzisa ibha (50 x 50 mm isigaba kuhle)
Isinyathelo 6
Siqinisa izingxenye zesakhiwo nge-bar. Lokhu kuzokwandisa kakhulu ukwethembeka kwayo.
Isinyathelo 7
Sixhumana nomunye nomunye ngamapayipi amaningi e-PVC. Kubalulekile ukuthi ubude bawo buphelele bulingana nobude be-greenhouse. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukulungisa ipayipi ende kuma-arcs ahamba phambili ohlaka.
Isinyathelo 8
Vala isakhiwo esiphelile ngefilimu. Ungasebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela ezichazwe kulesi sihloko (isigaba esithi "Izindlela zokuhlanganisa ifilimu esakhiweni sokubamba ukushisa")
Isinyathelo 9
Sifaka izingxenye zangaphambili nangemuva zefreyimu ngefolda.
Isinyathelo 10
- Senza isilinganiso somnyango;
- Siphula phansi imithi, ngokusho kwedatha;
- Siyilungiselela ifilimu futhi sinqume ngokweqile;
- Lungisa umnyango esihlalweni se-greenhouse enezinsimbi zensimbi;
- Ngokufanayo, faka ama-vents.
Isiphetho
Uma befisa, ukwakha indlu enjalo yokushisa kungaba izinsuku ezimbalwa. Le nguqulo yehlobo engadingi ukushisa nokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kulesi simo, izindleko zakho zokuthengwa kwezinto zizobe zincane.
