Isitshalo seqanda yisimiso esingenakuqhathaniswa. Izithombo aziqabuki futhi zikhule kancane, zidinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela, ukunamathela kokushisa kanye nomswakama.
Ukuze izithombo zithole usayizi ofanele ngesikhathi sezifakelwa emibhedeni, ukuze ziqine futhi ziphilile, kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sazo.
Uma izithombo zihamba kancane, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isihloko sendaba yethu yanamuhla: Izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda zikhula kabi, yini okufanele zenzeke esimweni esinjalo? Thola ukuthi kungani izithombo ze-eggplant zifa?
Kungani izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda zifa? Okufanele ukwenze
Izithombo ezinempilo kufanele zibe ziphansi, zihlume kahle, ziqinile, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amahlumela amancane amancane asho ukungabi nokukhanya.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukukhula kuba inkinga. Izithombo zibonakala zimilengaphandle kokwanda ngesayizi. Ngokuvamile inkinga idlondlobala: amaqabunga asebenza futhi afihle, ama-stalks bend, amabala avela ezitshalweni.
Isizathu sokunciphisa ukukhula kwezithombo kungaba yizinto ezihlukahlukene. Kungani izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda zinyamalalala:
- izinketho eziphambene;
- kakhulu kakhulu iziqukathi ezincane;
- inhlabathi engakhiwe kahle;
- ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa inhlabathi nomoya;
- kakhulu kakhulu ukuchelela okunzulu;
- ukwehluleka kokudla okunomsoco;
- ukwanda kwe-acid yokusabela kwenhlabathi;
- ukunqotshwa izinambuzane ezinambuzane;
- izifo.
KUBALULEKILE! Ngokuvamile imbangela yokuhamba kancane iba yizizathu eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuqedwa kwazo ngesikhathi esifanele kwenza kube lula ukulungisa isimo, izithombo ziphinde ziqale ukukhula.
Izinkinga ngokudluliswa
Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukukhula kancane kwezithombo - ukukhetha okungalungile. Abalimi abaningi ngokuvamile bakhiphe le nqubo, besaba ukuphepha kwezimpande. Umonakalo omncane ubangela ukwethuka nokuthuthukiswa esitshalweni. Ngezilonda ezinzima izithombo zingase zife.
Njengezinyathelo zokuvimbela Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela ama-eggplants kwiphakheji ngayinye: amaphilisi e-peat, amapulasitiki noma amapulasitiki ephepha, iziqukathi, ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwefilimu. Kulezi zimbiza, izitshalo ziyakhula ngaphambi kokuba zidluliselwe ku-abamba ukushisa, izimpande zigcinwa ziqinile.
Uma ukhethe sekuvele kwenziwe futhi ama-eggplants wehlile phansi, ungazama ukuwagcina, ukuphuza ukuphuza izidakamizwa (isibonelo, nguKornevin). Leli khambi elingelona i-toxic liphulukisa i-microtrauma, linika amandla ekuthuthukiseni izimpande, landisa inani lokudla komsoco. Isidakamizwa sihlanjululwa ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo emaphaketheni, ukuchelela kuyenziwa empandeni.
Imibuzo eya kwisitsha nomhlabathi
Impela imbangela yokuhamba kancane iba inhlabathi engakhiwe kahle.
Isitshalo seqanda khetha i-substrate ekhanyayo, enomsoco enhlanganisela yensimu noma umhlaba we-sod nge humus, peat, isihlabathi.
Ukusabela kwenhlabathi kufanele kube yi-alkaline engathathi hlangothi noma engenamandla. I-Peat eningi kakhulu ingenza ibe yinto enamandla kakhulu. Kulo mhlabathi, izimpande zingabola, zinciphise ukukhula kwezitshalo namaqabunga.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuqagela kuzosiza iphunga elibi lokubolaezivela ekuthumeni. Izitshalo kufanele zisuswe ngokucophelela ezimbizeni, zihlole izimpande. Izimpande ezinempilo kufanele zibe mhlophe, zibushelelezi, ziqine. Uma zincipha noma ziphendukile, kubalulekile ukushintsha inhlabathi.
Ingxenye enkulu yesitshalo iyeka isitsha encane kakhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezithombo ezikhulile ezibhebheni. Uma izimpande zivela ebhodweni, kufanele udlulisele ngokushesha isitshalo esitsheni esikhulu esingaphansi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuqotho be-coma yomhlaba.
Inhlabathi eyaneleyo yengezwa itangi elisha. Izimbiza kumele zibe ngamasayizi aphakathi, futhi zikhulu kakhulu inhlabathi ishesha ngokushesha.
Ukunisela nokudla
Isitshalo seqanda ungathandi umswakama owedlulele, kodwa futhi awuthandi isomiso. Inhlabathi ehlelwe ngokufanele iyosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-hydration evamile. Kulezi zimbiza kudingeka wenze izimbobo zokugeleza, emva kwalokho iziqukathi zifakwe kule pallet.
Namanzi izithombo zidinga njengoba isisindo soma. Amanzi afudumele afudumele kuphela asetshenziswayo., kubanda ngokushesha kume ukukhula kwezithombo.
Uma inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezithombo imanzi kakhulu, ungagcina isimo ngokuhlanza futhi ukwandisa izimbobo zokugeleza. Umhlabathi womhlaba ufafazwa ngokhuni oluqoshiwe (mhlawumbe birch). I-Ash idonsa umswakama futhi inondla inhlabathi, ukudala indawo enhle yezitshalo.
Phakathi kokunisela umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke ngokucophelelaezama ukulimaza izimpande. I-crust thickness, eyakhiwe emhlabeni wonke, ivimbela ukufinyelela kwe-oksijeni ezimpandeni, ayivumeli izithombo zikhule ngendlela evamile.
Ukulinda ukukhula kwesitshalo seqanda inhlabathi enganeleyo yomsoco. Emva kokuvula amaqabunga amabili okuqala esitshalweni, kunconywa ukuba ukondle ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi for izithombo, kuhlanganise urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate.
Esinye isidlo senziwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha ama-eggplants amancane emhlabathini.
Izimo zokushisa
Isitshalo seqanda zikhule kabi ezindaweni zombili ezibandayo futhi ezishisayo. Imodi ekahle emva kokuvela kwamahlumela ukugcina izinga lokushisa nsuku zonke ngama-degree angu-24-25 bese ulinciphisa ebusuku ebusuku kuya ku-15-16 degrees.
Ukudonsa okunjalo kuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwezithombo, akulula, kepha akuyeki ukukhula. Izithombo zezempilo badinga umoya ophuthumayo njalo ngaphandle kwemidwebo.
Awuvunyelwe ukunqothula inhlabathi.. Umehluko phakathi kokushisa kwenhlabathi nomoya kuphazamisa isimo sezimpande. Uma ukufika kusewindowini, ungawahlukanisa nomthombo wokubanda, ingilazi yokugqoka epulasitiki.
Enye indlela ukuphakamisa ipani ngezimbiza ukuze umoya obandayo udlule ngaphansi kwawo. Izithombo zingafakwa phezu kokufa kwezinkuni noma ezinye izinsizakalo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Isifo esivame kakhulu futhi esiyingozi esithinta izitshalo zeqanda sesitshalo seqanda - umlenze omnyama. Izitshalo zezithombo ziphosa, i-lintel ebonakalayo ivela kubo. Lesi sitshalo asiwamukeli izakhi, siphele amandla futhi masinyane sifa. Awukwazi ukulondoloza amahlumela athintekile.
Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka kwezithombo ezithintekile kuyoba uphawu lokuthola izinyathelo eziveza. Izithombo ezigulayo zisuswa ngokushesha., inhlabathi ifafazwe ngobuningi bezinkuni. Ukunisela kuyama isikhashana., ngokuqhubekayo kuqhutshwa ngokunembile, ngokusebenzisa i-spoon, ukuchelela okunamaketanga amancane kungenza noma ukuphambanisa.
Esikhathini esomile, umoya oshisayo wangaphakathi Izithombo zingathinteka yi-thrips, i-whitefly noma i-spider. Ama-parasites adonsa ijusi kusuka emigqeni namaqabunga, evimbela kakhulu ukukhula kwezithombo.
Kubalulekile ukubuka ngaphansi kwamashidi, ngakwesokunxele ngezinye izikhathi kunamakholoni amaningi wezibungu. Bulala izivakashi ezingahambelwanga izinambuzane zezimboni zizosiza. Izithombo zicutshungulwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kuze kube khona ukunyamalala okuphelele kwezinambuzane.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukwandisa umswakama womoya ngokuphalaza isikhala ezungeze izithombo kusuka ebhodleleni le-spray. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amaconsi amanzi emagqabeni.
Sula ama-thrips noma izindiza ezincane kuzosiza ipulazi elifudumele elihlakazekile emhlabathini. Akuyona into enobuthi, ayithinti ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo seqanda. Ukugqoka kudinga ukubuyekezwa okungenani kanye ngesonto. Geza ama-aphid noma izibungu izibungu ngamanzi ashisayo ase-soapy.okuyinto ngokucophelela ukugubunga iziqu kanye namaqabunga.
Ukunciphisa ukukhula kwezithombo kuyisizathu sokuphenya kahle izimbangela futhi sibhekane nokuqedwa kwabo ngokushesha. Isenzo esifike ngesikhathi sizosiza ukulungisa isimo. Izithombo zizobuyisela masinyane ukuma okulahlekile, ukuma okuncane ekukhuleni ngeke kuthinte ukusungulwa kwemifino efihlekile kanye nezivuno ezizayo.
Ngakho-ke, sithole ukuthi kungani izitshalo ze-eggplant zingakhula, yini okufanele zenze? Bakhuluma ngezizathu zokuthi izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda azikhuli kahle, zichazwe ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okudingeka zithathwe.
Izinto eziwusizo
Funda ezinye izihloko mayelana nokukhula nokunakekela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda:
- Izindlela ezehlukene zokulima: ezibhebhethini ze-peat, enkonzweni nasemaphepheni angasese.
- Zonke izici zokuhlwanyela ngokwezikhalenda zenyanga.
- Imithetho yegolide yokukhula kusuka enzalweni.
- Izici zokulima ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia: ema-Urals, eSiberia nasesifundazweni saseMoscow.
- Funda kabanzi mayelana nokulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala.
