Izihlahla ze-Apple - esinye sezihlahla ezisemqoka emasimini. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokuvuthwa okuhlukene nokunambitha. Noma kunjalo, konke kuyi-storehouse ebalulekile yamavithamini. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kutholakale isivuno esihle, umgadi wensimu kudingeka adondoloze izihlahla ezifweni nezilokazane.
Izifo eziyinhloko zikaMelba kanye nokwelapha
Melba - ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezidumile zezihlahla ze-apula, ezidumile ngezithelo zayo ezimnandi kakhulu nezitshalo eziphakeme. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bayazi kahle inkinga yokumelana nokuhlupheka kwalesi sihlahla ngokumelene nezifo nezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi isikhumba.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuze ukwazi ukugqoka ama-apula amanzi, kuyadingeka ukuba uqapha ngokucophelela isimo somuthi, ukuthola izibonakaliso zezici zesifo ngesikhathi futhi ukuphendula ngokuphumelelayo inkinga evelayo.
Indlela yokuvikela i-apula ngesihlahla
Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kwesikhalaekhombisa isidingo sokuzwakala i-alamu, kukhona izindawo ezibonakalayo emaqabunga, ekuqaleni u-oliva ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kamuva emnyama futhi ephukile.
Ukuqala ngamahlamvu, lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha kokubili esibelethweni nasesithelweni, sithinta sonke isihlahla, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuqeda isikhumba kuMelba ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo.
Kungcono kakhulu ukucabanga mayelana nokuvimbela. Kuze kube sekupheleni, ekwindla, ngokushesha emva kokuvuna, izinqubo ezilandelayo kufanele zenziwe: susa izithelo ezomile, unqume amagatsha afile, isiqu, uma kunesidingo, uhlanzekile futhi uhlanzekile. Ukuzungeza umuthi kungathululelwa nge-urea (0.5 kg ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi).
Kubalulekile! Wonke amaqabunga, awe e-apula, kumele aqoqwe futhi asuswe noma ashiswe.
Spring nakho kuyisikhathi esihle sokunakekelwa, kodwa kufanele kube kuze kuphele ihlumela. Kuwusizo ukhiphela isihlahla ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube. Uma ngabe ufisa, ngokushesha nje uma i-apula ikhule, ingahlungwa kabusha ne-Bordeaux noma isisombululo se "Zineba", "iKaptan" noma "Kuprozan".
Ngemuva kwamanye amasonto amabili, ukuthungwa kokugcina kwenziwa, kodwa ukuze ugweme ukushisa, amagatsha ambalwa kuphela kufanele aphathwe nge-Bordeaux liquid futhi, njengoba eqinisekisa kuphela ukuthi akukho ukuphikisana kwamakhemikhali, fafaza isihlahla sonke.
Scab ngokuvamile uqala ukuzibonakalisa ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Kuze kube manje kuhle ukuphakela i-apple ngesihlahla esithi "Humate" noma "Fitosporin-M", bese kusetshenziswa "amakhemikhali" amaningi esikhathini esizayo.
Uma isikhumba sishaya esihlahleni, inani lemithi yokwelashwa yonyaka ngamunye lingakhuphuka libe yisithupha.
Indlela yokuphulukisa isihlahla esivela ku-powdery isikhutha
Idonsa likaMealy Kubonakala sengathi liqhakaza, elimhlophe eliqhamuka emagqabeni, elikhishwa kalula ekuqaleni, kodwa liqala ukukhukhumeza futhi lishaye. Ukuhamba ngaphandle kwe-oksijeni nomswakama, amahlamvu aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, i-curl ibe ngamatayipi, aphume futhi awele. Ama-ovari nawo awela.
Ukulwa nomzolo we-mealynjengokunxeba, kunzima kakhulu kunokunikeza ukuvikelwa kokuvikela. Njalo ngesonto, i-apula iphathwa nge-potassium permanganate, i-oxide yethusi, i-sulphate yensimbi, ingxube ye-Bordeaux noma amalungiselelo akhethekile (isibonelo, i-Topaz isebenze kahle), futhi uma ingekho, sebenzisa isisombululo soda ash.
Kumele uqaphele nokusetshenziswa kwama-nitrogenous fertilizer, njengoba ukuhlukunyezwa kwabo kungadala isifo.
Kubalulekile! Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zezifo, amaqabunga abathintekayo noma i-ovary kumele asuswe ngokushesha.
Ukulwa nokubola kwezithelo (moniliosis)
Izithelo zibola bangela i-mycelium yefungal equkethwe ngama-apula omisiwe wonyaka odlule. Uma izithelo ezinjalo ezithintekile zingasusiwe esihlahleni ngesikhathi, i-mycelium iyasuka kuwo ibe ngamagatsha aphilile, lapho kushawa khona ubusika futhi entwasahlobo ihlaba izithelo ezincane ngokushesha ngemva kokubopha.
Lesi sifo siqala ngezindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuma-apula, okukhula ngokushesha, khona-ke ukukhula okumhlophe kwenzeka, inyama yesithelo iba nsundu futhi ayifanele ukudla, iyawa.
Izithelo Ukwelapha Ukwelashwa linikeza ukusifuthola "okusheshayo", "i-Horus" nelithi "Fundazole": owokuqala - ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga eqhakaza, okwesibili - emva kokuba isihlahla se-apula siphume, futhi okwesithathu - cishe amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho elandelayo yokuvimbela:
- ekwindla kuyadingeka ukumba umjikelezo we-trunk kahle;
- ukuqoqa ama-apula awile njalo bese ususa ngokushesha izithelo ezibola eMelba;
- lapho ukuvuna ama-apula ungawavumeli umonakalo okwenziwa ngomshini.
Izitshalo ze-Cytosporosis
Amabala aluhlaza, afana nezilonda, avela emagqabeni e-apula. Ukwandisa ngosayizi, baba obomvu. Amagatsha aqala ukugqama, ekunqunyeni ungabona izintambo ezimnyama ze-mycelium.
I-cytosporosis iqala ngemuva kokuntuleka komanyolo nokuchelela okuningi.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo kuhlanganisa ngokuqeda amanxeba phezu kwesiqu kuya emathisheni enempilo nangokwelashwa okwalandela nge-sulfate yamathusi (i-10-20 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi) nokugcoba nge-pitch pitch.
Kuyisibopho sokuthekelisa noma ukushisa amagxolo ahlanzekile namagatsha omisiwe. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-15 ° C, lapho i-fungus ye-pathogenic iqala ukuthuthukisa.
Ngaphambi kokuhluma futhi emva kokuchichima, i-apula isetshenzisiwe nge-HOM, futhi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ne-Fundazole. Ekwindla, umuthi uyasiza ukondla umquba we-phosphate nama-potash.
Izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa amabhaktheriya
Izimpawu zokushisa - izihlahla ze-apula ziqala ukugoqa bese ziwa amaqabunga, ama-apula ahluma futhi awa.
Lesi sifo siqala ngobuhlungu benhlabathi futhi ngokuvamile sihanjiswa ngumgadi wensimu, noma kunalokho ngamathuluzi ayo ahlakulela kuwo umhlaba othelelekile futhi onempilo noma ahlukanise amagatsha anesifo futhi anempilo. Lesi sifo singabuye "siswe" ngesitshalo esisha.
Ukushisa amabhaktheriya akunakwenzeka ukulwa. Kungcono ukuqeda ngokuphelele umuthi kunokuba ulahlekelwe yensimu yonke.
Ukuze ngandlela-thile uzivikele, kufanele ugweme ukuthenga izithombo ezindaweni ezingaziwa, ukuchithekisa amathuluzi engadini emva kokusetshenziswa okunye futhi, ngokuqinisekile, ubhubhise izinambuzane, njengoba zisakaze nokutheleleka. Ukuze kuvikelwe, kungenzeka futhi entwasahlobo ukupaka umhlaba kusayithi ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi.
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko zezihlahla ze-apula, izindlela zokulwa nezinambuzane ezinonya
Izihlahla zezithelo zisengozini hhayi kuphela izifo, kodwa nazo zonke izinhlobo izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke izinambuzane eziyinhloko zezihlahla ze-apula, kuhlanganise noMelby, zikhona ama-moth, amabhu, ama-tsveroyed, ama-sawflies, ama-scythworm kanye nama-haws, okuba nemiphumela eyingozi engagwetshwa ngamagama ngokwawo. Sizoqonda ukuthi benzeni ngalunye lwalezi zinambuzane.
Apple leafworm
Le butterfly encane ayijabulisi ngoba ibeka amaqanda emaqabunga amancane omuthi, ngemva kwalokho aguqulwa ngaphakathi kwiphubhu, lapho igama lezinambuzane libizwa khona. Izibungu, zitshisiwe, ziyakwazi ukudla ngokuphelele leli qabunga, zishiya imifula kuphela.
Ukulwa nepheshana ingahluka. Ngezinye izikhathi ngempumelelo kakhulu ukubhujiswa ngokomzimba kwenkathazo (amaqabunga ahlanjululweyo noma ukuheha izinyoni ezidla izinambuzane ensimini) noma ukudala izicupho ezikhethekile ezivimbela ukuba zingangeni esihlahleni.
Kungasetshenziswa ukubulala izinambuzane izindlela zabantu: ukumnika ugwayi, decoction of umhlonyane, amazambane noma izithombo zomunwe utamatisi.
Kodwa nokho iningi lilahla izimvemvane namacimbi amakhemikhali amalungiselelo. Le ndlela ayiphephile kakhulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka udlulisele kuwo kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo - uma ngabe i-apula ithinteka kakhulu yizinambuzane.
Kubalulekile! Isibungu seshidi sikwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nesenzo sezinyosi ezihlukahlukene, ngakho-ke amakhemikhali anobuthi kumele ashintshwe njalo.Njengoba izibungu zezinundu zikwazi ukuhamba masinyane emthini ukuya esihlahleni, kubalulekile ukucubungula hhayi kuphela umuthi we-apple wesifo, kodwa wonke amanye.
I-Codling moth
Ama-butterflies alezi zinambuzane, ngokungafani ne-leafworm, bakhetha ukubeka amaqanda emifinini yembali. Ngemuva kwalokho, isibungu sigubha imbewu, siphume futhi siye esivelweni esilandelayo, okwamanje i-apula ayikwazi ukuvuthwa bese iwa.
Uyazi? Isibungu esisodwa empilweni yaso singabhubhisa ama-apula ama-2-3, kuyilapho inambuzane inamandla kangangokuthi inzalo yomuntu oyedwa ingabhubhisa kuze kube yizithelo eziyinkulungwane.
Ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwenundu Kudingeka ukuqoqa njalo imfucumfucu, emva kokuthungula umuthi ngobumnene ukuze ama-apula awonakele ahlale kuwo, futhi kabili ngonyaka - ekwindla nasentwasahlobo - ukuhlanza igxolo elidala, lapho ama-cocoons angahlala khona.
Esigabeni kukhona izitha zemvelo phakathi kwezinambuzane. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ngokutshala izitshalo eziningi zezimbali ngangokunokwenzeka kusayithi ukuheha "abasizi" abanjalo. Kuqaphela ukuthi inundu ayithandi iphunga lezotamatisi, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukutshala eduze. Amateyipu adhesive for izimpukane asetshenziselwa ukulawula amabhu.
Apple Blossom
Lezi zimbungulu, njengoba igama libonisa ukuthi, libhubhisa ihlumela, liququzela kuwo isigaxa sokubeka amaqanda.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane zifana nalabo okuchazwe ngenhla - ikhasi lekhasi. Ngaphandle kokuhle ukucwilisa izihlahla ngesisombululo se-lime esisha (1.5-2 kg ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi).
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunconywa ukuba ushiye umuthi owodwa ungazange uphathwe futhi usekusebenziseni izindlela zokusebenza ukulwa ne-beetle (ukuwaxubisa emgodini bese uwagcoba ebhaketheni le-diesel).
Ungakwazi futhi spray the buds nge "chlorophos".
Apple sawfly
Le nkathazo ibangela ukuwa kwe-ovary kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba kufinyelele ku-moth. Njengoba igqoke, i-larva iphuma esithelweni, iwa phansi, igubhe kuwo u-5-15 cm, lapho yenza khona i-cocoon kanye nobusika.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane Isihlahla se-apula ngaphambi nangemva kokuqhakaza singasiphuliswa ngeClorofos noma iKarbofos.
Apple shchitovka
Lezi zinambuzane zondla ngesitshalo somuthi, obonakala ngokukhula okuncane okubomvu emagqabeni. Inani elikhulu le-shitovki lingamisa ukukhula kwe-apula, umuthi umile futhi uvuselele umbala.
Uyazi? Isihlangu sinamandla kakhulu, amaqanda ayo akwazi ukubekezelela i-frost engamashumi amathathu-degree, futhi igobolondo elivikelayo lenza inambuzane ingaboni kahle isenzo semikhakha ehlukahlukene.
Njengeprophylaxis omunye kufanele ahlanze izihlahla zomuthi ukhula nokhula amancane, anqume amagatsha omile, ahlanze amagxolo, athole umhlabathi wokungena kahle komanyolo kuwo, ngokushesha abhubhise izihlangu ezitholakala ema-apula.Ukucubungula kwamakhemikhali izihlahla ekwindla zisebenzisa i-sulfate yethusi, entwasahlobo - "iNitrafen".
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuqhakaza, izimpungushe zezinambuzane zingene esigabeni esisebenzayo, ngakho-ke umuthi kufanele uphathwe nama-insecticide wokuxhumana, isibonelo, "Decis". Inqubo iphinda iphindwe ngenkathi ekhulayo kabili noma kathathu.
I-Hawthorn
Le nkathazo ishiya isidleke kusuka kuwebhu emaqabunga awile noma esihlahleni, lapho ibeka khona amaqanda ebusika, kuze kube yizicucu ezingu-500 ngayinye. Ngentwasahlobo, izimpungushe zishaya futhi zidla ngokoqobo zonke izingxenye ezincane zomuthi.
Amaqanda phezu kwamaqabunga ewile, ahlanganiswe nama-cobwebs afana nesidleke. Kungase kube khona izidleke nezihlahla. Ngentwasahlobo, izimpungushe ezihlanjelwe zibhubhisa amaqabunga nezimbali, imifino emincane nezimbali.
Uyazi? Ngokungafani ne-scythe, i-hawthorn, ngenhlanhla, ayinamandla amakhulu, ukubukeka kwayo kungaphelelwa iminyaka eminingana, ngemuva kwalokho kungavuka futhi.
I-hawthorn ayibangeli umonakalo omkhulu emithini njenge-moth, i-moth nezinye izinambuzane, ngakho-ke ukulwa nalo akuphuthumanga kangaka - nje ukukhathalela isihlahla, ukubhubhisa izidleke ezinambuzane ezitholakala, kanti ehlobo, lapho izibungu zingabonakala emaqabunga, uphathe i-apula ngesiqubuthu.
