Umhlaba ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ngokuvamile yindawo yokuzalanisa ehlukile izifo zekhukhamba.
Isibungu se-spider, i-powdery isikhutha, i-root rot, i-sclerotinia - ngokushesha kakhulu isakazeka isikhala esivaliwekunasendle.
Ngakho-ke kanjalo kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo senhlanzeko se-greenhouse futhi ngesikhathi sokukhipha amagciwane. Izenzo zokuvimbela zidinga ukwenziwa kokubili ekwindla, kanti entwasahlobo. Futhi ukukhula okugcwele kwamakhukhamba, kubalulekile ukuba udla njalo umquba ohlukene.
Ukulungiselela ukushisa
I-autumn
Ukulungiselela i-autumn kwe-greenhouse yokutshala ukhukhamba: kusihlwa ebusika, ku-greenhouse oyidingayo susa zonke izitshalo ezisele, ukumba umhlabathi bese uphonsa izimpande zokhula, futhi ukuchitha amagciwane amafrimu, imifanekiso kanye nokusungula. Indlela elula kunazo zonke yokushisa ukushisa isitshalo nge-40% ye-formalin isisombululo (200 cm3 yokulungiselela kuyadingeka ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
Uma inkathazo efana ne-spider mite ibonisiwe, yiyo baphathwa nge-bleach (ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi udinga u-1 kg wezidakamizwa). Ungathatha futhi usebenzise i-creolin, kodwa akulula kakhulu - i-patina yayo enzima kunzima ukugeza ingilazi. Ngokuvamile sebenzisa u-5% we-iron sulphate noma indlela ye-fumigation ngamabhomu e-sulfur smoke.
Ukukhipha imishanguzo enhlabathini ukuze kusetshenziswe ukushisa, ngoba ukhukhamba, kuzosiza okunjalo izingoma zamakhemikhalinjengesisombululo se-ordinal fluid noma se-copper sulfate. Uma kunesidingo, ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba lususwe futhi lucutshungulwa ngaphandle kwebamba lokushisa. Ukuqothulwa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka.
Ekwindla akukubi ukuba nesikhathi sokuvuna umquba. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu uma kuvela ngaphandle kwesibindi. Lapho kuvuna, sicela uqaphele ukuthi imitha engama-spring greenhouse 0.5-0.7 m3 yomquba odingekayo. Ibekwe eduze kokushisa futhi kuhlanganiswe ukuze kungabikho ukushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Okumbozwe phezulu ngomhlaba, amaqabunga, i-peat.
Spring
Ngentwasahlobo, ukushisa okubamba ukukhushulwa kumele kulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Ukulungiselela inhlabathi ebamba lokushisa entwasahlobo ngaphansi kwamakhukhamba, kanje: Umquba ufudumala ngokusika, okusho ukuthuthumela nge-pitchforks, ukugoqa inqwaba yezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, bazama ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezifudumele zomquba ngamakhaza. Lezi zenzo kumele zenziwe ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5 ngaphambi kokuba zibeke endaweni yokushisa.
Uma umquba uhlala ubanda, uphelelwa ngamanzi ashisayo. Amatshe atshisayo kanye ne-lime eshisayo angafakwa ngaphakathi kwenqwaba. Kunezinye izindlela. Umquba, ufudumele kuze kufike ku-60-70 ° C, ulethe ngaphakathi bese ufaka ungqimba we-57-63 cm. Umquba ngesikhathi esifanayo iphuma, iphunga i-ammonia.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, iphunga lizoqhuma futhi i-biofuel izohlala.
Ukuhamba ngomquba akukhuthazwa, ngoba uma kuhlanganiswa, ukuvutha kuzomisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke, amabhodi abekwe ezindaweni zokuhamba.
Umhlabathi ophezulu we-10 cm uhlanganiswe phezulu komquba. Ingxube yezakhi zokutshala ukhukhamba ilungiswa kusuka ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zomhlaba we-sod, i-peat kanye ne-humus. Ngezinye izikhathi sebenzisa umquba.
Lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi endaweni yokushisa okwakhiwa ngamakhukhamba, bheka ividiyo:
Ukwakhiwa kwemibhede
Imibhede ebamba lokushisa ngamakhukhamba, isakhiwe ngesisekelo sobukhulu be-greenhouse, ngokuvamile obhalwe ngu-2-3. Ungabenze bavuke ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1, ukuze kungavimbeli ukufinyelela kwezitshalo, futhi kube lula ukunakekelwa kwazo. Ukuvimbela i-leaching yobuningi bomhlabathi ngenkathi yokuchelela kuzosiza ama-bumpers akhethekile afakwe emaphethelweni emibhede.
Okungaphezulu kakhulu ilungiselelo elihle lemibhede ngokuba izitshalo zokushisa eziluhlaza yiziqondiso kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Kulokhu, ukhukhamba zimbozwa kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka usuku lonke.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ibanga elihle phakathi kwamahlumela emgqeni kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angu-30, phakathi kwemigqa engu-25-30 cm. Kubalulekile ukuba ususe ezindongeni okungenani 23-27 cm.
Ngalesi sisekelo, ukumaketha kwamasayithi okufika asekusasa kwenziwa. Abalimi abaningi, abanokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, bakhetha ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha, ukweqa isiteji sezithombo "zekhaya".
Inketho yesibili ukutshala izithombo ezivele zilungiselelwe. Amakhukhamba atshalwe endlini yokushisa ngo-Ephreli 14-22 eneminyaka engu-26-30, ebona amabanga phakathi kwamahlumela. Ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo (isonto elilodwa) izinga lokushisa endaweni yokushisa efiselekayo ukuphakamisa ku-27 ° C, nomswakama kufika ku-86-87%.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukuze uthole intuthuko engcono izitshalo njalo (Kanye ngesonto) feed up. Ungadla kanjani? Ukubunjwa nokulinganisa kwamanyolo kuncike eminyakeni, isimo sesitshalo, kanye nokubunzima kwezimo zezulu. Ungalandela ukulinganisa okulandelayo nokulinganisa umanyolo wokugqoka izimpukane.
Thola ku-website yethu ukuthi ungakha kanjani isishayo samakhukhamba bese ukhiqiza ukuchelela endaweni yokushisa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamakhukhamba ku-greenhouse ngaphambi kwe-fruiting (ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi):
- i-ammonium nitrate 12 g;
- i-potassium sulfate 25 g;
- superphosphate 20 g;
- ithusi sulfate 1 g (isetshenziswe ngomanyolo 3-4 izikhathi ezithile);
- i-boric acid 0.5 g (isetshenziselwa kanye nomquba izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka ngamunye)
- ama-manganese sulphure 0.5 g (isetshenziselwa kanye nomanyolo izikhathi 3-4 ngezikhathi ezithile);
- isixazululo se-mullein 1 (1: 8) ngo-amalitha.
- i-ammonium nitrate 8 g;
- i-potassium sulfate 35 g;
- superphosphate 23 g;
- i-copper sulfate 1 g (isetshenziswa ngamanyolo izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka);
- i-boric acid 0.5 g (isetshenziselwa kanye nomquba izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka ngamunye)
- manganese sulfate 0.5 g (isetshenziswe ngamanyolo izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka);
- isixazululo se-mullein 1 (1: 8) ngo-amalitha.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo yisikhathi esihle sokusebenzisa izimpande zokugqoka.
Ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kusuka e-superphosphate yokupheka. Inani elithile lithululwa ngamanzi futhi lixutshwe ngokuphelele. Isixazululo esiphelele senezelwa kwezinye izithako, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umquba wokugcina izithombo ngamakhukhamba. Ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezincane zithela i-1/2 litre, ngaphansi kwabantu abadala - cishe i-1 litre yesisombululo.
Ukhukhamba awubekezeli inhlabathi e-acidic, kodwa ngokufaka umanyolo ovuthiwe ngamanyolo wamaminerali, kancane kancane acidified.
I-acidity yenhlabathi iyancishiswa ngezikhathi ezithile, ikhiqiza ukuchelela kwenhlabathi (1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-25-30) ngesisombululo se-freshlylive lime (1/2 indebe yesikhumba noma umlotha ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). I-1 m2 ilungiselele ilitha lekhambi elilodwa.
Ukondla ama-foliar nama-macronutrients ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nakho kwenziwa. Banda ukhiqiza isivuno, ukusheshisa i-fruiting. Ngama-10 amalitha amanzi, u-5 g we-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate kufanele uthathwe, u-5 g we-potassium sulfate, i-12 g ye-superphosphate, kanye nezakhi zokulandelela ezifakwe ngendlela efanayo nokugqoka izimpande.
Ungaphakamisa ukukhishwa kwe-superphosphate kanye nesisombululo namanye ama-fertilizer. Foliar Ukugqoka okuphezulu kungcono sebenzisa ubusuku noma usuku olumnyama.
Ngokungazelelwe kubonakala phezulu, izimpande zidinga ukulala ingxube yehlabathi. Ilungiselelwe ngalendlela elandelayo: 1 ingxenye ye-peat noma i-humus kanye nezingxenye ezimbili ezibolile umquba (kungcono ukusebenzisa ihhashi). Hlanganisa kahle uthatha amanzi, ilondoloza kangcono futhi, ngakho-ke, ayivumeli ukwakheka kwe-crust.
Umquba usetshenziselwa inhloso efanayo. Ukugcwaliswa kwenziwa izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka ngamunye. Umusa Umanyolo ukhonza ukhukhamba we-carbon dioxide. Kuhle uma ungafaka umgqomo ngesisombululo sezinyoni ze-bird noma i-mullein ku-greenhouse, evuselela njalo futhi evuselela
Indlela yokugoma ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa, thola kuvidiyo engezansi:
Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwezakhi ezikhukheni
Qinisekisa lokho izitshalo azikho kunoma yikuphi izakhi kungaba ngokubonakala kwabo.
Phakathi nokukhula okusebenzayo kwemivimbo engu:
- ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen kuboniswa umbala ophuzi wamaqabunga, owomile futhi awele;
- lapho i-phosphorus ingenalutho, amaqabunga amnyama futhi abe yi-lilac, bese uvula omnyama;
- ukutholakala komngcele ohlaza ohlaza okweluhlaza okweqabunga lamaqabunga nezindawo ezimnyama kuwo wonke amaqabunga kubonisa ukungabi khona kwe-potassium ne-magnesium;
- ngokuntuleka kwe-calcium, lesi sitshalo sikhula kancane kancane, siphume futhi sife;
- Iziqongo eziphuzi zamahlumela zikhuluma ngokuntuleka kwensimbi.
Phakathi nesikhathi se-fruiting:
- ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, ikhukhamba inombhobho encane epholile futhi ikhula eduze kwesiqu;
- ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium, ikhukhamba incane kakhulu emgodleni futhi igcwele imbali.
Izimpawu zamaminerali angaphezu kwamakhukhamba:
- nge-excess of fertilizer umquba, izitshalo zelulekile futhi zincipha, amahlamvu aphendukile;
- ne-nitrogen ngokweqile enhlabathini ngeziqu ezinamandla zikhula izithelo ezincane ezincane;
- ne-phosphate fertilizer excess isitshalo saphela lapho omiswe kancane emhlabathini, amaqabunga afile avela emaqabini nasezithelo.
Izithelo eziqoqwe ezitshalweni ezinezici ezingenhla zingaba yingozi. Ukudla amakhukhamba anjalo kungcono ukungadli.
Izinhlobo zomanyolo
I-nitrogen
Indlela ukuquza ukhukhamba in the abamba ukushisa? Ukhukhamba i-nitrogen fertilizer edingekayo kuzo zonke izigaba zentuthuko, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sakhiwa amaqabunga. Ama-nitrogen fertilizer asetshenziselwa kokubili ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nezimpande zezimpande ngesikhathi sokunisela.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-nitrogen umanyolo wamakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa, isibonelo, i-ammonium nitrate, iqoqa izithelo ezivuthiwe ngendlela ye-nitrate enobuthi futhi ingahle ihluke kuthinta impilo yomuntu.
I-Phosphoric
I-Phosphorus iyadingeka ukhukhamba njalo futhi kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa, kodwa ngokulinganisa okuncane kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kahle komanyolo kusiza ukuthola inqwaba eluhlaza, uqinise izimpande, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuvuthwa.
Potash
Isidingo nge-potassium ukwengeza ngamakhukhamba kukhona njalo. Kodwa ikakhulukazi landa ngesikhathi se-fruiting. Inani le-potassium kumanyolo phakathi nalesi sikhathi landa, kuyilapho i-nitrogen inciphisa.
Ngokuxilongwa kwamahlamvu ungakwazi njalo ukwahlulela isimo sesitshalo futhi yenza ushintsho okusheshayo ekwakheni umanyolo osetshenzisiwe.
Ukuthela ukhukhamba kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Kodwa uma ulungisa i-greenhouse ngokufanele, ugeze umhlabathi, utshale izitshalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi wenze ukudla okulinganiselayo, etafuleni lakho kuyoba nokuvunwa kwemifino enhle futhi enempilo unyaka wonke.
