Utamatisi uyisitshalo semifino esiza kithi emazweni atshisayo. Ezimweni ezishisayo, izitshalo ezingenakuqhathaniswa nezelanga azidingi ukugcinwa ngokucophelela.
Isikhathi eside esibhakabhaka nesibusayo sinomphumela omuhle ekutheni kutholakale i-fruiting eningi yazo zonke izinhlobo zamatamatisi.
Kodwa enyakatho zikhulile kakhulu ngokucophelela. Kuye ngezici eziningana, kunezindlela ezahlukene zokutshala utamatisi. Okuningi kulokhu kulesi sihloko.
Yini okufanele ibe yindawo yokutshala utamatisi?
Indawo yokutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele ifuthe (maphakathi no-Ephreli). Imibhede ibanzi futhi engeza ama-humus. Ukwelula ifilimu uma kwenzeka iqhwa libeka i-arc. Shiya isikhala esanele phakathi kwemigqa.
Kungani udaba lwekhwalithi yomhlabathi?
Utamatisi unesimiso se-branched surface, esakhiwa ngo-70% wezimpande ezincane zokulunywa. Ngenxa yalolu sakhiwo, isitshalo sinikeza ingxenye yaso engaphansi kwenhlabathi ngobuningi bomswakama kanye nezondlo ezibalulekile. Yilokho okwenza okuthandwa yilo masiko mayelana nesakhiwo kanye nemfanelo yenhlabathi.
Izidingo
Izwe kufanele libe nazo zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zokutshala utamatisi.
Umhlabathi wezotamatisi ngokukhula kwawo kufanele kube nezinto ezilandelayo:
- i-nitrogen;
- i-phosphorus;
- i-potassium.
Kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zimaminerali zifomu elula kalula. Engxenyeni ethile yomhlabathi wokushisa kufanele ube nesihlabathi, njengoba kudingekile ekuthuthukiseni ingxenye ye-skeletal yesitshalo.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, njengoba izimpande ebusweni azibekezelelisi ngokweqile futhi zikhule kuphela ezidakamizweni ezidakayo, zithatha izakhi ezivela endaweni enkulu. Lapho kukhona izici ezinjenge-permmeability yamanzi nomthamo wamanzi, inhlabathi igcina umswakama kahle, kodwa ayiba yincithakalo. Futhi ukushisa umthamo kuyadingeka ukuze kukhule kahle ukutamatisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi, akufanele kube ngokungathathi hlangothi kunokwenzeka kusuka ezifweni futhi ukhululeke ezimpungeni eziphazamisayo.
Inhlabathi akufanele iqukathe imbewu yokhula.
Iyiphi i-acidity okufanele ibe?
Utamatisi athande inhlabathi pH 6.2 kuya pH 6.8. Ukuze unqume ukuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi iyini, i-set of test indicators (ama-litmus amaphepha) athengiswa, athengiswa ezitolo zensimu.
Ukuze ufunde ukuthi i-asidi kufanele ibe inhlabathi kanjani utamatisi nokuthi ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuvunwa kwawo okuphezulu, funda lapha.
Ukuxuba okuzenzela
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ingqikithi ethengiwe, ungalungisa inhlabathi ye-greenhouse eyedwa.
Ekwindla emva kokuvuna, susa izinsalela zezinto ezimilayo futhi uhlume ngokucophelela inhlabathi, uyikhulule kusukela ezimpandeni zezitshalo zangaphambili. Izwe eliphekiwe kufanele lihlolwe umswakama: oyimpumputhe, futhi uma lidiliza, ngakho konke kuhambisane. Umhlabathi owenzelwe ukushisa kufanele uhombe njengomhlaba (ngaphandle kwempepho yangaphandle).
Izinzuzo zomhlabathi owakhiwe:
- Ungakwazi ukupheka ngokusho iresiphi eqondile futhi ugcine inombolo eqondile yezinto ezilandelanayo ozidingayo.
- Ukulondoloza izindleko.
Ukungalungi:
- Isikhathi esikhulu sokupheka.
- Udinga ukulandela ngokunembile iresiphi.
- Inhlabathi ingahle ingcolile.
- Ukuthola nokuthenga izingxenye ezifanele ukususa kungathatha isikhathi esiningi nemali.
Sinikeza ukubukela ividiyo ukuthi ungalungisa kanjani umhlabathi wokushisa ngezandla zakho:
Izakhi ezilungiselelwe
Lapho uthenga umhlabathi olungiselelwe, akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani futhi ukuthi uthintana kanjani. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ilashwe ngesisombululo esibizwa ngokuthi "Fitolavin", 2 ml ilitha yamanzi. Isisekelo somhlabathi owathengiwe uvame ukubamba.
Izinzuzo zokuthenga inhlabathi utamatisi:
- Ikulungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokucubungula okwengeziwe.
- Igcwele izakhi zokulandelela nezinye izingxenye.
- Kuyinkimbinkimbi elula yomswakama.
- Ungathatha amaphakheji wezindlela ezahlukene - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-50 amalitha.
Ukungalungi:
- Okuqukethwe okungavumelekile kwezondlo (kubalwe njengobubanzi).
- I-pH eseduze.
- Ngesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni se-peat, u-dusty peat uyanezelwa.
- Kunengozi yokuthenga izinto eziphansi.
Izingxenye ezidingekayo
Izingxenyana eziyinhloko zomxube womhlaba:
- umhlaba noma imifino;
- i-peat engeyona i-acidic (pH 6.5);
- isanti (ehlanjululwe noma emfuleni);
- i-humus noma ihlunga umquba ovuthiwe;
- umlotha okhuniwe (ufulawa wama dolomite ungasetshenziswa).
Ukubunjwa okulula kakhulu futhi okunamandla kwenhlabathi ye-utamatisi kuyatholakala uma uhlangana:
- Izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat;
- 1 ingxenye yomhlaba wensimu;
- 1 ingxenye yama-humus (noma umquba);
- 0.5 izingxenye zesihlabathi.
I-peat ngokuvamile i-acidity ephakeme, ngakho okulandelayo kufanele kwengezwe ebhaketeni lenhlanganisela:
- 1 inkomishi yamapulangwe;
- 3 - 4 wezipuni wefulawa i-dolomite;
- 10 g we-urea;
- 30 - 40 g we-superphosphate;
- 10 - 15 g we-fertilizer umanyolo.
Umanyolo ungasuswa esikhundleni somanyolo obunzima oqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium, ne-nitrogen encane.
Izithasiselo ezingafaneleki
Ama-organic fertilizer asezinqubo zokubola angeke asetshenziswe.. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhishwa inani elikhulu lokushisa, okungashisa imbewu (futhi uma bekwazi ukukhuphuka, bayohlala beshona ngokushisa okuphezulu).
Ukungcola kobumba akusetshenziswanga, njengoba benza isisindo somhlabathi futhi sinzima kakhulu. Izinsimbi ezisindayo ngokushesha zibuthelela emhlabathini, ngakho akufanele usebenzise izwe eliseduze nomgwaqo omatasa noma endaweni yenkampani yamakhemikhali. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlaba lapho utamatisi ukhula khona uyoba ohlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Umhlaba weJardin
Izwe elithengiwe ikakhulukazi ingadi ehlanzekile (kuleli jasi elingenalutho) kokuqukethwe kokhula nezifo ezingenzeka. Inhlabathi evela engadini yakho isetshenzisiwe uma i-crumbly futhi isakhiwo. Umhlabathi wezitshalo emva kokutshala i-solanaceous kuso (lapho igalikhi, iklabishi, i-beetroot nesanqante ikhula) ayithathiwe. Ngaphezu kwenhlabathi engadini engaphakathi kwayo ngokuvamile isakhiwo esihle semishini.
Yini engcono ukuyisebenzisa?
Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu ezweni lokushisa kufanele kube:
- Ukushintshaniswa okushisa okukhulu.
- Ukudlulisa umoya.
- Ikhono lokugcwala umswakama ngesikhathi sokunisela.
- Ikhono lokubamba zonke izinto ezidingekayo namaminerali.
Umhlabathi we-greenhouse unayo:
- i-humus;
- umquba;
- inhlabathi ye-sod;
- isihlabathi;
- i-peat;
- ama-calcareous.
I-Humus isetshenziswe njengamafutha emvelo.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-humus:
- I-Phosphoric acid.
- I-calcium oxide.
- I-nitrogen
- Potassium Oxide.
Zonke lezi zakhi ziyasiza kulesi sitshalo.
Izakhiwo ze-Humus:
- Londla ngamaminerali.
- Inikeza ama-microorganisms ezinomsoco phansi.
- Umhlaba ohlangene nama-humus uqhuba umoya kahle.
- I-Sod nayo ibalulekile ekukhuleni kwamatamatisi.
Inhlabathi yeTurf:
- Inelisekile ngezinsalela zezimpande zezitshalo.
- Ukwandisa ukusondeza umswakama kwemvelo lapho isitshalo sikhula khona.
Isiphetho
Ukuze zikhule kahle, zingenamaphutha, utamatisi ngokwabo abamba ukushisa okudingekayo ukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezimo ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwalesi sitshalo. Utamatisi awuveli emaceleni ethu, futhi ajwayelekile enhlabathini ehluke ngokuphelele. Kudingekile ukuzakhela imvelo esiseduze ngangokunokwenzeka ezimweni zabo zemvelo, bese sithola isivuno esikhulu. I-greenhouse ingabizwa ngokuthi i-best home for tomatoes.
