Utamatisi - isiko esivamile kakhulu nesithandwayo. Isihluthulelo sokuvunwa okuhle nokukhwalithi eliphezulu yikulungiselela okulungile nokufaneleka kwebhodi lokushisa lokukhulisa lemifino.
Indlela nokuthi yini yokucubungula lokwakha entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi, kanye nokuwa ngemuva kokuvuna, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Ukwengeza, sizokhuluma ngezindlela zokulungiselela, ukuhlanza nokucwilisa inhlabathi, kanye nendlela yokudala umquba bese ubeka imibhede ngaphansi kwetamatisi.
Ukubaluleka kwenqubo
Ikhwalithi yesitshalo oyitholayo incike ekusebenzeni kahle, ngendlela efanele futhi ngesikhathi esifanele ukuqhuba ukulungiswa kwe-greenhouse. Utamatisi wezithombo unesikhathi esithile sokutshala yingakho kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwe-greenhouse.
Indlela yokulungisa ukwakhiwa kokushisa kwetamatisi?
Ukulungiswa okudingekile
- Ukuhlolwa kwefreyimu: uhlaka lwokhuni luhlola wonke ama-lintels nokuphahla. Lapho bebona amaphutha, baqedwa. Uhlaka lwensimbi luhlolwe ukubola. Lapho itholakala ezingxenyeni zefreyimu, zenziwa esikhundleni.
- Ukuhlolwa kokugqoka: Esikhathini sokugqoka ingilazi esithatha ingilazi ephukile noma ephukile, izingubo ze-polyethylene ne-punctures ziyashintshwa noma zivalwe, izingubo ze-polycarbonate ezinamaphutha ziyashintshwa.
Iyacubungula
Izakhiwo kanye nezinto zokugqoka
Ukungahlanjululwa kwe-greenhouse kuncike kulokho okushiwo khona.. Uhlaka oluhlukaniswe ngokuhlukanisiwe nolwazi lokumboza.
Izakhiwo zenziwe ngensimbi, izinkuni kanye ne-PVC. Izinkuni kanye ne-PVC ziphathwa nge-sulfur, kodwa hhayi zensimbi. Isiqhumane siphumelela insimbi. Amakheli ensimbi asetshenziswa ngamanzi abilayo ngeviniga. I-polyvinyl chloride scaffolds nayo iphathwa ngesisombululo se-acetic ngamanzi ekushiseni kwama-+60. Ukucubungula ifreyimu yokhuni efanelekayo ye-sulphate yethusi.
Izingubo
Ifilimu noma ingilazi iphathwa ngesisombululo esishisayo sesephu (amanzi aphezulu kune +40). Insipho ichitheka emanzini kanti ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngebhashi. Ukugqoka ama-Polycarbonate kuphathwa ngesisombululo sama-manganese. Isixazululo sihlanjululwa ngesisombululo esishisayo. Ikhathalela ngokucophelela emaceleni. Bese ukomisa i-greenhouse ebhalwe phansi.
Ukugqoka amafilimu okususiwe
Phatha nge-potassium permanganate, eyomile futhi igcine emasakeni okuvalwa.
Imicimbi ye-Autumn
Ukuhlanza
Ukuhlanza - ukususwa kwezitshalo ezingasebenzi. Susa izingxenye ezingenhla ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Akukho okumele kuphazamise ukuhlanzeka kwamagquma. Izinsalela zezitshalo ezingapheli kumele ziqothulwe ngezimpande futhi zilahlwe.
Ukususwa kwenhlabathi
Inhlabathi esuswe ingasetshenziswa i-disinfected futhi isetshenziselwa ukuvula imifula, ithululelwe emakhazeni noma ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Uhlaka lweshlabathi olukhishiwe kufanele lushintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.. Isendlalelo esisha kufanele sibe nesitshalo. Inhlabathi kufanele ihambelane ngokuphelele.
Kunezindlela ezinjalo zokugcwalisa izingqimba ngenhlabathi:
- ukuthengwa kwenhlabathi;
- ukuzilungiselela umhlabathi.
Ukuthenga kwenhlabathi kulula, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi awunayo yonke into edingekayo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukulungisa inhlabathi ngokwakho.
Isakhiwo somhlabathi kufanele sibe sesilahlekile. Izingxenyana zomhlabathi akufanele zibe zincane, ukuze zingabambi ukungcola ngamanzi, kodwa futhi azikho ezinkulu, ukuze zingavumeli amanzi ageleke njengesihlava. Amakhemikhali kumele agcinwe enhlabathini. Kufanele kube inani elanele lama humus. Akufanele kube umanyolo wamaminerali.
Ikhono lokwamukela nokugcina umswakama kufanele lilungise inhlabathi. Kumele kube ukulinganisela phakathi kokuqukethwe kwamanoni e-asidi nama-alkali. Kumele kuhlaselwe. Ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi entsha:
- i-peat;
- isihlabathi;
- umquba noma i-humus.
Ukuthuthukisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi, ama-acids e-humic asetshenziswa.. Futhi ukucebisa inhlabathi nge humus basebenzisa umquba obolile noma droppings. Ngemva kokulungiswa kwenhlabathi entsha, iphathwa nge-Flora-S yezidakamizwa.
Ukususwa kwe-disinfection
Ukuze i-disinfection izithombo zokugcina izithombo zifinyelele ku:
- ukwelapha urea;
- ukwelashwa nama-disinfectants akhethekile;
- ukuthunga isulfure.
Inqubo yokugcoba ngesulfure inhle ngoba ngosizo lwawo hhayi nje kuphela inhlabathi esele kulesibamba sokushisa ayikhukhumeziwe, kodwa yonke indawo yokushisa ngaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukubhubhisa i-greenhouse ngokushisa nge-sulfur kubhekwa njengento engcono kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo.
Ukubeka umhlabathi omusha
Lesi yisigaba sokugcina. Umhlabathi omusha unomthelela esikhundleni sezingqimba ezisuswe. Yilale ngendlela yokuthi ayikho i-voids, i-compact futhi isakaza ngokulinganayo. Vala imibhede engu-5 cm ngendwangu yetshani ehlanzekile, eyomile. Ngemuva kweqhwa lokuqala, liphonsa emibhedeni ngotshani.
Ukuphakama kwezinga leqhwa, kancane kancane inhlabathi ikhululeka., futhi izinsizakalo ezincane eziwusizo ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza enhlabathini.
Imisebenzi yase Spring
Qala ngokufudumala umhlaba.
Vumbela ngezindlela eziningana.:
- Khulula futhi ulungiselele umhlaba wokutshala, umboze ngefilimu emnyama ngaphambi kokufika.
- Khulula, uphumule emiphongolweni, uthele ngamanzi ashisayo, ubeke futhi umboze ifilimu ngezinsuku ezingu-2-3.
Benza imibhede efudumele. Susa ungqimba lomhlaba ku-25-40 cm. Faka i-gark, i-sawdust phansi kwe-groove. Okuphezulu ne-hay noma utshani futhi efafazwe nge-quicklime. Beka umhlaba, uhlanganiswe nomquba noma umquba obolile.
Benza imibhede efudumele. Susa ungqimba lomhlaba ku-25-40 cm. Faka i-gark, i-sawdust phansi kwe-groove. Okuphezulu ne-hay noma utshani futhi efafazwe nge-quicklime. Beka umhlaba, uhlanganiswe nomquba noma umquba obolile.Ukulungisa inhlabathi yenza izinqubo ezinjalo.:
- Ikhululiwe ngaphambilini.
- Ukufudumala inhlabathi.
- Zalisa ngamanyolo eziphilayo.
- Nciphisa i-asidi.
- Bemba, bakhulule ngokujulile futhi balinganise inhlabathi.
- Kuthelwa ngezixazululo eziphilayo.
Amakhemikhali
Entwasahlobo, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali akuvamile. Amakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukuwa. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ama-microorganisms azuzisayo, abulawe yi-chemistry, avuselelwe ngokwemvelo. Ngemuva kokusebenza kwabo kubalulekile ukubuyisela inhlabathi ngokuzala ngosizo lwamalungiselelo eziphilayo.
Amakhemikhali avunyelwe ukucubungula:
- i-formalin;
- i-sulphate yethusi;
- isibabule;
- I-2% iprodione;
- I-TMTD i-fungicide.
Ukubuyiselwa kokuzala kwenhlabathi emva kokusetshenziswa kwe-chemistry
I-Chemistry ibulala ama-microorganisms asebenzayo namagciwane. Buyisela kubo baqale isonto emva kokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali. Ukuthola okusheshayo kwe-microflora, sebenzisa i-Baikal Em-1.
I-liquid ilungiswe izinsuku ezingu-5 ngaphambi kokucubungula. Emalitha angu-4 amanzi ase-distilled, engeza u-40 ml wokulungiselela kanye nezipuni ezingu-4 zoju, uhlanganise futhi umboze ngesembozo. Gcizelela isisombululo izinsuku ezingu-5 bese usithululela phezu kwenhlabathi. Ngemuva kokwelashwa nge-chemistry, umquba noma i-humus isetshenziselwa ukubuyisela i-humus..
Ukuzala umhlabathi kungandisa izixazululo ze-potassium usawoti we-acids e-humic.
Indlela yokushisa yasentwasahlobo yokushisa
Ekwindla, susa ungqimba lomhlabathi u-5-10 cm. I-Layer 10 cm isakaze kwifilimu emnyama. Ukwelashwa kokushisa usebenzisa amanzi ashisayo noma abilayo.. Geza inhlabathi ngamanzi bese umboza nge-foil.
Ukuze uhlale ushisayo, uphonsa kuyo utshani noma noma iyiphi enye into evikelayo. Kulo mhlaba, inhlabathi yizinsuku ezintathu. Bese kungeniswa endlini yokushisa futhi kusetshenziswe amalungiselelo e-biological. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14 ungaqala ukutshala.
Indlela ephilayo yokuthola inhlabathi
Amalungiselelo e-biological asetshenziselwa ukubuyisela inhlabathi yokuzala. Lena indlela ephumelela kakhulu. Kuzonciphisa amathuba okugula kwezifo, ukucindezela ukubukeka kwezifo ezifufusa, ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kotamatisi.
I-Biologicals evelele:
- I-Baikal;
- I-Baktofit;
- I-Trichodermin.
Ukutholwa kwenhlabathi okugcwele kuzokwenzeka ngemva kweminyaka engu-3-4. Ngokufanayo, i-greenhouse igcwele ingxenye yezinto eziphilayo: umquba obolile, umquba, ama-droppings.
Ukuqukwa komquba
Ilungiselelwe ehlobo ngokusetshenziswa kwanoma imuphi umkhiqizo wezinto eziphilayo kanye nemfucumfucu eqoqiwe (izintonga, amaqabunga, ukusika utshani, amahlumela). Udoti lubekwe izinqwaba eziqhelile. Ziphuze umkhiqizo wezinto eziphilayo, njalo lapho ungqimba lwazo lufika ku-20-30 cm. 100 ml yokulungiselela isetshenziselwa amalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Ukuvuthwa komquba kuzothatha izinyanga eziyi-1.5-3. Entwasahlobo lapho ukhula utamatisi wanezelwa njengomanyolo. Egcwele imibhede yomquba, umkhiqizo wemvelo wamanzi.
"I-Fitosporin M" ye-disinfection yomhlaba
Le fungicide isetshenziselwa ukuqubuka kwezifo ze-fungal. Ithuluzi lisehlobo lokunamathisela, i-powder noma i-liquid. I-pasta iyathandwa kakhulu. Isixazululo silungiswa kusuka kuso esigcina izindawo zayo isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sokuqala esisetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi siphindaphindiwe ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
Kungcono ukuphatha kusihlwa lapho kungekho ukuchayeka kwelanga. Lungisa isisombululo ngosuku lokulashwa amahora amabili ngaphambi kwalo. Ngama-10 amalitha amanzi udinga 5 g we powder. Kusukela ku-paste ulungise isixazululo ngesilinganiso se-1: 2. Ukunisela umhlabathi ngesisombululo esinjalo kuyadingeka ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi.
Imibhede yemabhulogi yamatamatisi
Ubude bonke begege abukugobi umsele omkhulu, ukujula kwawo ku-bayonet yefosholo. Umquba omusha ubeka kulo msele, unyakaze futhi unisela ngamanzi abilayo. Ingqimba ephezulu yomhlaba yathululelwa. Phakathi ne-perekop kumitha ngayinye yesigcawu kunika i-peat, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus. Ngaphezu kokufaka amaminerali ezimbiwa eziphilayo.:
- 200 g we potassium;
- 250 g we-phosphorus;
- 350 nitrogen.
Indlela yokucubungula izithombo zokugcina ngaphambi kokutshala imifino
Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukucubungula ukushisa okushisa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal nezinye izifo, kanye nokubonakala kwezinambuzane. Ukucubungula, ungasebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile, isulfure, isiliphu yokuhlanza.
Inqubo yokucubungula yonke isakhiwo se-greenhouse kanye nesembozo sezinto zokumboza kuhlanzwa.. Kanjalo ukuphathwa komhlaba kube nezixazululo ezihlukahlukene. Ziyakhiwa ngokulandela imiyalelo ephaketheni futhi zifaka emhlabathini.
Uma ulandela yonke imithetho engenhla, ungalungisa ngokufanele ukushisa okwakhiwayo utamatisi okhulayo. Futhi ngokulungiselela kahle, thola isivuno esiphakeme futhi esicebile, esizojabulela umndeni wakho wonke.
