Mhlawumbe, akubona abaningi abaye bezwa ngaleli hlobo lemihlahla ye-apula, njengendlela yokugcina i-columnar? Bavele bavele cishe eminyakeni engama-50 edlule ngenxa yokuguqulwa okungavamile, okwakungenxa yokubunjwa okumangalisayo komqhele wama-apple.
Isici sabo esihlukanisayo siwukuthi lezi zihlahla ze-apula zinesiqu esisodwa kuphela, lapho amahlumela amancane angadingi ukusika izihlahla, okwenza kube isihlahla sesithelo esihle kakhulu engadini encane. Njengoba usitshale i-apula elinjalo esiqhingini sakho, ngeke uphinde uzwe ekumangaliseni kwekheli lakho nokubonga ngalolu buhle.
Njengemithi yethu ejwayelekile yamapula, lezi zihle zihlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu-ihlobo, ekwindla nasebusika. Izinhlobo zasehlobo zifaka i-Vasyugan neDialogue, ekwindla uMongameli-Arbat, nezinhlobo zebusika - Imali, iMigexo yaseMoscow, njll. Lezi zihlahla ze-apula ziyizintambo ezincane, ezincane kakhulu futhi zinamandla. Manje, lapho sihlangana, cabangisisa ngokuningiliziwe.
Izinhlobo "Vasyugan"
Izithelo ezimnandi nezomuncu zalesi sihlahla sase-apula zasehlobo zilungele ukuvunwa ekupheleni kuka-Agasti futhi zibe nokudla okumangalisayo kokushukela. I-pulp yabo iyinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enomsoco kakhulu, enezinhlamvu ezincane. I-rind yinyene futhi ilula, ibomvu ngombala ngephethini enemibala emihle kanye nelinye elikhanyayo, eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-apula abhekwa njengabakhulu, isisindo sabo ngezinye izikhathi sifinyelela ku-200g. Ngeqoqo elifanele kanye nokugcinwa - izithelo azilahlekelwa impahla yazo kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-30.
Isihlahla I-frost resistance kakhulu, okuyinto enhle yokutshala ezindaweni ezibandayo zezwe. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kuqale ukuthela izithelo kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, okuhlukanisa lezi zihlukahlukene kuya skoroplodnymi. Ngokwezigaba, i-Vasyugan iyisihlahla esincane esingaba semamitha angama-3. Njengazo zonke ezinye izihlahla ze-apulale, i-Vasyugan inomuthi owodwa, lapho inani elikhulu le-annuli likhona. I-Krone encane kakhulu, encane futhi enhle.
Okukhulu kakhulu Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu yobusika. Lezi zihlahla ze-apula ubusika kahle, ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa lika -42 ° C, okwenza kube kufanelekile ukutshala ezindaweni zase-Urals naseMpumalanga Ekude. I-skoroplodny ne-grade-yielding grade, ihamba kahle ngokumelene nesifo esinjengesiko. Lezi zinhle eziphesheya kwezilwandle zizokumangaza ngokuvuna iminyaka engu-1-3, ngezinye izikhathi ezidlula izikhathi ezingu-5 (lapho kubalwa indawo engadini) isivuno esivela emithini evamile, ejwayelekile yamapula.
Yehlisa kuphela Lokhu kuhluka ukuthi ama-apula aqoqwe awagcinwa isikhathi eside, kungakapheli izinsuku ezingaba ngu-30.
Ngokunakekelwa kahle, okungukuthi, ukuchelela njalo, ukufaka umanyolo emhlabathini, ukuvikelwa ezifweni nakuzo zonke izinambuzane - lezi zihlahla ze-apula zizokuthokozisa ngokuvuna okukhulu. Uma phakathi nobusika obunzima phezulu kwale apple sekufakwe kancane, khona-ke ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kungenzeka. Kulesi simo, i-trunk eyinhloko kumele inqunywe, futhi ushiye eyodwa kuphela, ukuphunyuka kunamandla kakhulu.
Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane, ngoba ama-apula anjalo angaba ukunqotshwa kwezinhlamvu ezimbi noma ezinye izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni kufanele kube ngaphambili.
Qalisa lezi zihlahla zama-apula azidingekile. Bayafuna kuphela ukukhishwa kwamahlumela ase-lateral entwasahlobo. Ukuze ukwandise i-fruiting, ungakwazi ukunciphisa kancane phezulu.
Inqubo umquba kumele ihlale ihlonishwa, kuqala ngokufika. Kuze kufike ku-4 kg we-humus ehlanganiswe nengqimba ephezulu yomhlaba ihlanganiswe emgodini wokufika. Lapho nje amaqabunga eqala ukuqhakaza, umuthi kufanele uthululwe ngesisombululo se-urea (okungenani amalitha angu-2 ngomuthi ngamunye), ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi zamasonto amabili, le nqubo iphindwe kabili ngaphezulu.
Ekuphakameni kwehlobo, i-apula idinga ukugqoka phezulu kwe-potassium-phosphorus. Emva kwalokho, ukudla kwenziwa izikhathi ezimbili ngaphezulu kwehlobo. Njengoba lezi zihlahla ze-apula azihlanganiswa, zonke izinto eziwusizo ezikhishwe emhlabeni ziya emanzini nasezingeni eliphezulu lesitshalo, hhayi ekubunjweni kwamagxolo.
Amanzi Izihlahla ze-apulasitiki kufanele ziqhubeke ukuze zingabhubhisi inhlabathi ezungeze uhlelo lwempande, ehlobo okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukusungula ukuchelela okunjalo, isondlo esiseduzane kufanele sihlanganiswe ngotshani, okuzovimbela uhlelo lwempande ukuthi luvezwe. Ekwindla, utshani kufanele lususwe ukuze lungadonseli izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.
Akufanele sicabange ukuthi izinhlobo ezinqanda ama-frost azidingi ukuvikelwa emakhazeni. Emithini yama-apple ekholomu, uhlelo lwempande lusesondelene kakhulu nomhlaba, okungaqedwa kalula.
Umbuthano we-Pristvolny ngempela ugcwele umquba ngamagatsha, amagatsha ase-spruce noma i-snow drift enhle. Kubalulekile ukugoqa isiqu esinomthelela kakhulu ngamaphephandaba amaningana, bese umboza phezulu ngendwangu endala kanye nezikhwama zeplastiki, ukuze ugweme ukuqhwaza. Esiqhingini esinamandla seqhwa asilimazi isiqu - umuthi uqinise ukwesekwa.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla zama-apula kuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala. Kungcono ukukhetha isikhathi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla ngasekupheleni, kodwa lapho kunesimo sezulu esifudumele. Isayithi kufanele ihlukaniswe ukukhanya okuhle nomhlaba ovulekile. Ukuphefumula okunamandla emoyeni akuthandeki, futhi indawo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele okungenani ibe yi-1m.
Ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo zika-40 cm kumele libhekwe, kanye nebanga phakathi kwemigqa yemithi - 1.5 m. Ukutshala kungcono kakhulu kwezihlahla zonyaka. Umgodi we-seedling ugoba cishe ngo-70 cm ububanzi, uhhafu wemitha ejulile futhi ugcwele umquba ohlanganiswe nomcabango ophezulu womhlaba. Uma utshalwa, isayithi lokuhlanganiswa esihlahleni akufanele limbozwe umhlaba.
Hlunga "i-Dialogue"
Izithelo Lesi sihlahla se-apula siqala ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Bayosijabulisa ngombala wakho ophuzi ophuzi kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kwamanzi kakade sekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ubukhulu bama-apula buncane, bunokuma okumangalisayo kwesibhakabhaka. Akuzona okuhle kakhulu ngokugcina. Kanye ne "Vasyugan" yonke isivuno kumele isetshenziswe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30.
Izihlahla lezi ezihlukahlukene nazo ziyakunqanda amaqhwa. Ngosayizi, ziyisilinganiso. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, bear izithelo kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi ngonyaka wesibili. Ukukhiqiza kuhle minyaka yonke iminyaka engu-15. Ngemuva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwalesi sikhathi, isihlahla kufanele sithathwe esikhundleni. Ngenxa yokuvunwa okuphezulu nokuqala - lezi zihlahla ze-apula zikhula ngokushesha.
Imiklomelo Lezi zinhlobonhlobo izivikelo eziphezulu zokuzivikela ngezivikelo ezihlukahlukene ezibhekene nezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokumelana nokuqina kwamaqhwa, isivuno sokuqala kanye nokuvuthwa kokuqala.
Ukungalungi iqukethe kuphela isikhathi esincane sokugcina isivuno esivunyiwe kanye nenani eliphakeme lezithombo zazo zonke izihlahla ze-apple ze-apula.
Lapho ushiya ngoba izihlahla ezinjalo zama-apula akufanele zikhohlwe ngokusondelana kohlelo lwempande ebusweni bomhlaba. Okushiya ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokumba kuphela nokukhulula umbuthano oseduze, kodwa ngisho nokunyathelisa.
Izimpande zezihlahla zethu ze-apula ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke inhlabathi ezungeze umuthi ingatshalwa ngamagilebhisi (i-mint, i-lemon balm, i-dill, i-parsley), noma okusanhlamvu okudinga ukusika ngokucophelela. Ungaphinda wenze umjikelezo eduze komgqomo.
Njengezinye izihlahla ze-apula, ezinokukhula nokunakekelwa okufanele, Ingxoxo ayidingi amagatsha okusika izihlahla. Uma igatsha eliphakathi likhula kabi, kuyadingeka ukulifaka (kuze kufinyelele ku-2-3 efihlekile). Ukuze ukwakhiwa kahle kwesihlahla somuthi ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, igatsha elisemuva le-2 efihlekile liyanqunywa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ngesikhathi sehlobo lalezi zifihlekile sezivele zakhiwe 2 ukuphunyuka okuqinile. Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, amahlumela asondelene nakakhulu ayathinteki, kanti okwesibini nawo uthathe amafihlethi amabili. Ehlobo lesibili kusukela ekutshalweni, kuzobe sekukhona izithelo ngesikhathi sokudubula kokuqala, futhi okwesibili - amagatsha amabili ohlangothini. Ngentwasahlobo yesithathu, ihlumela elivuthiwe likhishwa, futhi kusukela egatsheni lesibili bayamukelwa njengalokhu ngonyaka odlule kusukela othomeni.
Ngekhwalithi umanyolo Kungcono ukusebenzisa umquba wezinkukhu ovutshiwe noma umquba wezinkomo ohlanjululwa ngamanzi. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, i-apula kufanele idle okungenani izikhathi ezintathu, kungcono ukusebenzisa urea ngale njongo. Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi lezi "zinsana" zinikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu, naphezu kwe-branching encane. Ngakho-ke, umquba okhulayo kufanele ube oqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi ngeke uveze izithelo.
Lolu hlobo lwezihlahla ze-apula akufanele luhlale njalo amanzi - badinga "umphefumulo" njalo. Lokhu kugeza kusiza ukuvikela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane, nokugcwalisa inhlabathi ngomswakama owengeziwe nangomoya. Ukuphuza umuthi ngaphansi kwezimpande kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele, kuzobhubhisa uhlelo lwempande olungalondoloziwe.
Lapho ulungiselela ubusika, kubalulekile ukuvikela kahle umuthi. Ngoba Lolu hlobo lwe-apula lunenkuni olubi kakhulu. Ngezinhloso ezinjalo, izigqoko ezindala ezifanele, izikhwama zeplastiki, amaphephandaba, ama-sawdust kanye namagatsha ase-spruce, kanye nezinqwaba zeqhwa.
Uma utshala akukwazi ukuvumela izimpande ukuba zome, ukuchelela kokuqala kufanele kube nokuningi. Ngakho-ke, isithombo sincishiswa emgodini ovuliwe ogcwele umanyolo wamanzi, amanzi nomhlabathi.
Izinhlobonhlobo "uMengameli"
Izithelo Lesi sihlahla se-apula manje sithola ngokushesha ukuthandwa. Inyama yabo ihlukaniswe iphunga elimangalisayo futhi elimhlophe, futhi i-dessert elimnandi, i-dessert, ukunambitheka okunomsoco kakade sekutholile inani elikhulu labamthandayo. Ubukhulu bama-apula bukhulu kakhulu, bukhula bube ngu 250g. Umbala ulula ophuzi, umumo - repovidnaya.
Izihlahla lezi zinhlobo zingabhekwa ukuthi zingezansi. Ukuphakama kwawo okuphezulu kufinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Zinezimpande ezinamandla kakhulu, ngakho zihluma kahle endaweni entsha. Izithelo ngonyaka. Isivuno sokuqala uzoqoqa ngonyaka ozayo.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko kungukuthi i-apula "uMongameli" unamandla kakhulu futhi unesiguli sokuzivikela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, okwenza kube yithandwa kakhulu. Isistimu yezimpande ezinamandla kanye nokuvunwa okuhle kakhulu nakho kuyizinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa.
I-downside kuphela isitoreji sesikhathi esifushane sesitshalo ngemuva komhlangano. Lokhu akufanele ukukhohlwa, futhi kuqiniswe nokusetshenziswa kwezithelo eziqoqiwe izinsuku ezingu-30.
Ekunakekeleni Lesi sihlahla sama-apple asifani nezintombi zayo. Uyakuthanda ukuchelela njalo, ukufaka umanyolo emhlabathini okungenani izikhathi ezintathu phezu kwehlobo, ukususa omunye ohlangothini lwawo ohlangothini lwesibili nonyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala, kanye nokuvikelwa kwesithwathwa nazo zonke izinambuzane. Lolu hlobo lwe-apula ngokuvamile, kakade unyaka wokuqala luqala ukuthela izithelo, okungawunciphisa.
Ngakho-ke, izici zokunakekelwa kwezihlahla ezinjalo yizilinganiso zesitshalo. Okokuthi, ngonyaka wokuqala wezimbali, zonke izifihlekile zisusiwe, kushiywe izithelo ezimbili kuya kwezingu-5, eminyakeni yesithathu nangemva kwalokho, isivuno sanda ngamapula ama-5. Lokhu kuzokwandisa isivuno se-apula, futhi ngeke kuvumele ukuthi igugile ngokushesha.
Ukusika izihlahla ze-apula kuyokwenziwa kuphela ngenxa yokufa kwe-apical bud. Uma i-apple-tree yenza ukunakekelwa okufanele - ukusika akudingekile.
Umanyolo wokuphakelayo kumele iqale ngezinombolo zokugcina zikaMeyi. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ama-12-15 kg we-manure noma ama-droppings enkukhu ahlanganiswa nomhlabathi, 120g we-superphosphate kanye no-40g we-potassium chloride. I-Urea yokupuniza izodinga kufikele ku-30g.
Ngonyaka we-12 wokuphila, lesi sitshalo sidinga kuze kube ngu-80kg we-compost, 750g we-superphosphate kanye no-240g we-chloride ye-potassium, ne-urea - engaba ngu-180g. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kungani lezi zihlahla ze-apula zidinga ukudla okunamandla kakhulu - ngesamba esincane - banikeza isivuno esihle futhi esheshayo.
Ngesizathu esifanayo, badinga ukuchelela njalo njalo. Uhlelo lwazo lwempande alukwazi ukukhipha umswakama ojulile kusuka enhlabathini. Amahlamvu amathenda namagxolo asaba kakhulu izinambuzane kanye nokuphikisana kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto umuthi we-apula kufanele ube neshazi.
Naphezu kokuthi i-apple-tree "uMongameli" ayinamandla ngokwanele - akufanele ishiywe yedwa ngeqhwa elingakalungi. I-trunk igcwele izikhwama zepulasitiki noma izigqoko, izinso ze-apical zivaliwe ngempela. Umbuthano we-Pristvolny uvaliwe ngobuningi obukhulu bomhlaba neqhwa.
Uma ukhetha isayithi lokutshala, kufanele wazi ukuthi lo muthi othile we-apple uthanda ilanga kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isayithi kufanele likhethwe kahle.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezinhlobo ze-apula e-apple esifundeni saseMoscow
Hlunga "Imali"
I-glossy izithelo Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinombala ophuzi okhanyayo ngamabhere obomvu. Zikhula zikhulu kakhulu, kufika ku-200g, isakhiwo nxazonke. Inyama emhlophe yeqhwa iyamanzi kakhulu, iphunga elimnandi futhi elimnandi. Ema-apula aphezulu kunomunyu omncane. Ngoba Lezi zihlukahlukene zingokwezikhathi zasebusika - singakwazi ukuqoqa izithelo kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Okthoba.
Njengoba izimo ezifanele zokuvuna nezokugcina, lezi apula ungadla kuzo zonke ubusika. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izithelo ezivuthiwe zingahlala ku-apula isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuwa, okwandisa impilo yazo emva kokuvuna.
Izihlahla kungathiwa yizintambo ezincane futhi ngisho ezincane, ngoba ukuphakama okuphezulu kunamamitha ayi-2.5 kuphela. Lezi zihlahla ze-apula ziqhathanisa kahle nabalingani babo. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bezakhi, akusoze besaba isifo esinjengesiko. Ngakho-ke, lezi zihlahla azidingi ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kwezinambuzane nezifo. Amahlamvu awo ahlale enhle kakhulu, enempilo, ekhanyayo, kuze kufike ekwindla.
Futhi ngisho namaqabunga awa phansi agcina umbala wabo obuluhlaza. Izihlahla ze-Apple ziqala ukuthela izithelo kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala. Kodwa isivuno esihle semvuno sifinyelelwa ngonyaka wesine. Ukuthengiswa kugcinwa iminyaka engu-15.
Imiklomelo Lolu hlobo lwe-apula lunokuningi:
- ukulondolozwa okuphawulekayo kwesithelo isikhathi eside;
- ukumelana ngokuphelele kwesifo sofuba;
- ukumelana okuhle kwezinye izifo kanye nezinambuzane;
- ukubukeka okukhangayo;
- ubumnandi obuphelele kanye nojuiciness we-pulp;
- isivuno esikhulu nokushesha;
- kahle kakhulu ukumelana nesithwathwa.
Njengoba sibonile, lezi zihlukahlukene ngumholi ophelele kuzo zonke izici. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukufika ngezinhloso zezohwebo.
Ukungalungingaphandle kwalabo abavela kuzo zonke izihlahla ze-apula (i-close proximity system system, njll), ayitholakali.
Azikho izici ezikhethekile zokukhipha izihlahla, ukuchelela, ukufaka umanyolo emhlabathini, ukulungiselela ubusika noma ukutshala, okuhlukanisa imifino "Imali" ehlukahlukene evela kwezinye izihlahla ze-apula. Kuphelele nje ukukhula kusayithi lakho, nokuthela izithelo etafuleni lakho. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi lezi zibuko ezingaphandle kwezilwandle zinomusa kakhulu futhi zidinga uthando lomgadi wensimu.
