Muhle ngendlela engajwayelekile nenhle, inomusa futhi inama-airy - konke lokhu kumayelana nama-orchid, athandwa kakhulu ekutshaleni ingadi ekhaya. Kodwa ababaningi abantu abazi ukuthi ama-orchid akhula kanjani emvelweni ngenkathi evela eYurophu nokuthi afika kanjani endaweni yaseRussia.
Ngabe i-orchid ikhula kanjani emvelweni
Abahlali be-metropolis, ama-orchid ngokuvamile avezwa emashalofini ezitolo, kuma-windows sill, noma embukisweni. Babukeka bexakile, bakhula emahlathini ashisayo e-Amazon.
Ama-orchid endle
Eqinisweni, i-orchid endle iyisitshalo esivamile futhi esiqinile esivumelanisa nezimo kalula. Izitshalo zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezinesimo sezulu, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, kunezinhlobo ezingama-49 zalezi zitshalo.
Ngokungangabazeki, zivame ukutholakala emahlathini ashisayo, lapho imvelo idale khona izimo ezithandeka kakhulu: iphesenti eliningi lomswakama, ukujikeleza komoya nokuvikelwa elangeni elihangulayo.
Ngemininingwane! Ezindaweni ezishisayo, izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-epiphytic zinamandla, futhi esimweni sezulu esishisayo semvelo esekwe emhlabeni yama-perennials ene-tuber rhizome egcwele kahle.
Lapho ama-orchid akhula khona
Ngokomhlangano, indawo yokukhula kwe-orchid ihlukaniswe izigaba ezine:
- Iqembu lokuqala lifaka i-USA, iCentral kanye neNingizimu Melika, nezinye izifunda eziseduzane ne-ikhweyitha. Kulesi simo sezulu, zonke izimo zokukhula kwezimbali zakhiwa, ukuze uhlangane nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-orchid lapho;
- izindawo ezinamadwala ama-Andes nezintaba zaseBrazil, indawo yabo bonke abaseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kulesi simo sezulu, asishisi kangako, kepha izinga lomswakama lihlala liphezulu, ngenxa yalokho, zonke izinhlobo zama-orchid nazo ziyatholakala lapha. Kulapha lapho ama-phalaenopsis ajwayelekile kakhulu endle ekhula khona;
- indawo yesithathu yemvelo yokukhula kwezimbali ifaka ama-steppes nethafa lesimo sezulu esivumela ukwedlula indawo esezindawo ezishisayo noma esekhwebeni. Kunezinhlobo zomhlaba, izinhlobo ezingenasici zezitshalo ze-epiphytic;
- endaweni yesine enesimo sezulu esifudumele, indawo yokuhlala yama-orchid ayivamile njengakuzo zonke ezinye izingxenye. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zomhlaba, bese zimbalwa.
Indawo yokusabalalisa yama-orchid inkulu
Okokuqala ukusho
Namuhla endlini ungakhula i-orchid ngaphandle kobunzima, kepha ivelaphi ngamamayela? Izwe elivela kulo imbali ngokwalo alaziwa ngokuqinisekile, kodwa okokuqala okukhulunywa ngalo kutholakala emibhalweni yesandla yaseChina, eyabhalwa ngo-500 BC. e. Ngokokulandisa okungokomlando, isazi sefilosofi esidumile uConfucius sabhala ukuthi iphunga lembali lifana namagama othando lwezinhliziyo zothando.
E-China futhi, ososayensi bathola umbhalo wesandla owabhalwa ngo-700 BC. e., echaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi umdwebi uV. Meyi angatshala kanjani imbali ebhodweni elincane. Kusukela lapho, abantu emhlabeni jikelele bafunde ngale mbali emangalisayo, ubuhle bayo, iphunga nezakhiwo zayo zokwelapha.
Kepha, mhlawumbe, igama elihle kakhulu lalembali wanikezwa ngumlobi wasendulo ongumGrikhi Theophrastus, isazi sefilosofi nomcabangi, njengoba esethole isitshalo esiphethe ama-pseudobulbs, wasibiza ngokuthi "Orchis". Kuhunyushwa kusuka olimini lwamaGrikhi asendulo, lokhu kuhumusha ngokuthi "testicle". Futhi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngekhulu lama-300. BC e.
Ukuqalwa kokuqala kwe-orchid okubhalwe eChina
Umjikelezo wempilo
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-orchid ahlukahluka ezinhlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni, imjikelezo yawo yempilo yinde - ngokwesilinganiso, ukusuka eminyakeni engama-60 kuye kwengama-80. Kepha ama-long-livers nawo ayatholakala emvelweni, obudala bawo bungadlula iminyaka eyikhulu, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi izindlu ezinjalo zingavuswa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izitshalo azikhathaleli futhi zihlala kahle. Abesabi izinguquko zokushisa, futhi ukuntuleka kokukhanya, kunalokho, kubonakala okuhle.
Nakani! Kusukela ezinsukwini zase China yasendulo, ibikhulele emindenini yemindeni emihle, idlula ngamafa, okukhombisa nokuphila okude kwama-orchid.
Lesi sitshalo silethwe okokuqala nini futhi kanjani eYurophu
I-Orchid yalethwa eYurophu ngekhulu le-18, lapho amatilosi ethola iziqhingi nezwe elisha. Kwakuvela lapho lapho kwalethwa khona lesi sitshalo esingaziwa kakhulu se-aristocracy ecebile. Kukhona ngisho nenganekwane ukuthi elinye lama-English nerd lithole i-orchid tuber eyomile cishe njengesipho. Kepha ukunakwa nokunakekelwa okufanele kwaholela ekutheni aphile futhi ahlume.
Ngemininingwane! Yileli cala elibhekwa njengesiqalo eNgilandi ngemfashini ye-orchid, futhi kamuva naseYurophu.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuthi le ntambo ivelaphi isuka eRussia, yaqhamuka eYurophu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Inkampani eyaziwa ngeSandler ikwenzile. Le mbali yathulwa kuMbusi waseRussia uqobo nomndeni wakhe.
Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka we-1804, incwadi yanyatheliswa ngisho nangezindaba zokukhathalela nokukhula, okusakazayo ama-orchid. Isibonelo, kwachazwa imbali encwadini, eyaqanjwa ngegama lokuhlonipha unkosikazi we-orchidophile owayehola eRussia, uK. Engelhard.
Igagasi lesibili lokuthandwa kwezimbali eRussia libizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sangemva kwempi, lapho balethwa imbali evela eGermany, lapho yayikhuleke ngokukhethekile emagumbini okugcina izithombo kaGoering. Zonke izitshalo zadluliselwa ngokuhlonishwayo eMoscow Botanical Garden.
Ama-phalaenopsis orchid endaweni yemvelo esihlahleni
Ngokwemibhalo esemthethweni, i-orchid yokuqala ye-Phalaenopsis yafika eYurophu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. AmaPhalaenopsis asemvelweni enza umbono ongapheli kwabawatholayo, emva kwalokho wagcina esezindlini zabantu abahlonishwayo bezitshalo ezingajwayelekile.
Ubuhle bayo buyamangaza abaningi, futhi abatshali bezimbali benza imizamo eminingi yokutshala izingadi zemvelo, kodwa bonke bahlupheka ukuwa nokwehluleka. Kepha emva kwekhulu nesigamu kuphela, lolu hlobo lwe-orchid olukhula esihlahleni lwavela emafasiteleni ezithandwa eziningi nabazithandayo bale mbali emangalisayo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze kutshalwe lolu hlobo lwe-orchid, izinga lokushisa elifanele nomswakama kubalulekile. Kodwa i-greenhouse elula ngeke isize lapha, ngoba lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuhamba komoya njalo.
Ama-phalaenopsis orchid endaweni yemvelo esihlahleni
Emvelweni, akekho owabandakanyeka ngokukhethekile ekwakhiweni kwale nhlobo; bayakhula bazale bodwa. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, zingatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amakhona, zingakwazi ukulenga kunoma iyiphi indawo lapho ungamane ulungise izimpande. Ebhokisini lamaqabunga uqobo, kuvulwa umgodi lapho izimbali noma imbewu izotholakala khona.
Uhlelo lwezimpande lwama-epiphytes lunamandla, lunokuqina lapho kuhlangana khona umswakama kanye nezakhi zomzimba. Isifunda esikhula kahle kunazo zonke sithathwa njengezindawo ezishisayo, lapho izimo zemvelo zobuciko bezimbali, imibala emangalisa nezimo, zakha izimo zemvelo, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, ukukhanya okuningi.
Kubalulekile! Lesi sitshalo sibuye sitholakala esihlahleni, kepha asiyona eyezinhlobo zezinhlaka.
Emvelweni yemvelo, lolu hlobo lwe-orchid lwazivumelanisa nendlela yokuphila ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, lusebenzisa izihlahla nezivini njengesekela, luthatha ngosizo lwazo inani eliphezulu lomswakama kanye nezakhi zomzimba. Kepha i-tandem enjalo ayifaki eceleni iqiniso lokuthi ama-phalaenopsis angakhula womabili emithambekeni yezintaba nasezindaweni ezinamadwala. Into esemqoka umswakama omningi.
Ukuqhathanisa kwezitshalo zasendle nezasekhaya
Izinhlobo zasendlini azikwazi nje kuphela ukuthi zikhule endaweni yemvelo, izinhlobo ezi-hybrid nazo ziyafuywa. Imvamisa ingumphumela womsebenzi omude futhi obuhlungu kakhulu wabafuyi.
Futhi, imibandela ekhona yembali ayikwazi ukuphinda yenziwe ezindlini nasezindlini. Phambilini, abathandi balezi zimbali bakha izimo zisondele kakhulu emvelweni ngangokunokwenzeka kokuqukethwe nokukhula kwembali, kodwa bekungumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi kancane kancane bahlakulela izinhlobo ezintsha ezazingadingi izimo, bekwazi ukuzizwa bekhululekile efulethini.
Nakani! Namuhla, ezindlini nasemafulethini ungathola izinhlobo zama-orchid asesetshenziselwe ukungakhuli ezihlahleni, kodwa emhlabathini. Futhi zibaluleke zombili ngobuhle nokungathobeki.
Kanye nalokhu, izinhlobo ezifuywayo ezifuywayo zinomjikelezo wokuphila mfushane. Futhi uma ngokwemvelo isikhathi se-orchid siphila siphela phakathi kweminyaka engama-60-80, noma ngisho ne-100, khona-ke izinhlobo zasekhaya ezihlanganisiwe ziphila cishe iminyaka engama-8-10.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-orchid asekhaya kanye nalawo akhula esimweni semvelo aqhakaza futhi maningi okuqhakaza izimbali. Imvamisa, izimbali ezifuywayo zivimba isiqu sezimbali unyaka wonke, lapho ama-orchid asendle aqhakaza kuphela ehlobo.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-orchid asekhaya
Ezimweni zemvelo zasendle zokukhula kwale mbali emangalisayo, ungathola inani elikhulu lama-orchid - okwangempela nokungavamile, kanti amanye angafana nezinhlobo ezifuywayo. Kepha, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zingama-orchid noma ezihlobo zasendle, zonke zinhle kakhulu, futhi eziningi zazo ziveza iphunga elimnandi. Zisetshenziswa ngisho nakwezokwelapha kanye ne-cosmetology.
Ngakho-ke, i-orchid likhula cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, lapho kunezimo ezifanele kulo. Umswakama ophezulu kanye lokushisa, ukukhanya okuningi - futhi lapha phambi komtshali kuyindalo emangalisayo yemvelo nezandla ze-botanists.
