IPilea luhlobo lwezitshalo ezishisayo ezinezinhlobo ezingamakhulu ambalwa. Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile, lokhu okungapheli kungokwomndeni we-nettle owaziwayo. NgesiLatini, elithi "pyleus" lisho "cap cap". Isitshalo sathola igama elinjalo ngoba amaqabunga e-perianth yayo (i-corolla yamaqabunga, emboza isisekelo sembali) ifana nesimo sehodi noma isigqoko. Elinye igama "umuthi wobuciko", ngoba izimbali, lapho zivulwa, zidonsa ifu elincanyana lephunga.
Ukubukeka okuhle nokuhlukahluka, kanye nokwenziwa lula kokulungiswa - konke lokhu kwenza i-sawfly ibe yicebo elihle lomtshali wokuqalisa, kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo eziheha abaqoqi.
Incazelo
IPilea isitshalo esikhanyayo se-herbaceous, kanti ezinye zezinhlobo zazo zingokwesihlahla. Zonke zithanda ihlosi elingaphansi lehlathi lemvula, futhi zivame ukukhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi noma ezinomswakama. IPilea ikhula ingabi ngamasentimitha angaphezu kwamashumi amane ukuphakama. Iziqu zayo zinamanzi, ziyindathane, kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, zintekenteke, kanti nezimbali ezincane zikhula ngokuzicengela noma ziqoqeke kuma-umbrela inflorescences. Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga kungahlukahluka, futhi kuya ngezinhlobo.
Isici esaziwa kakhulu se-pylaea ukudubula kwempova evuthiwe phakathi kwezimbali. Ama-Stamens ayakwazi ukuphonsa okuqukethwe bawo ibangeni lamashumi amamitha ambalwa. Imbewu isatshalaliswa ngokufanayo.
Izinhlobo
Uhlu lwezinhlobo ze-pylaea ezidume kakhulu ngokuzalaniswa kwasendlini luvezwe ethebula elingezansi:
| Igama, ukuphakama | Iziqu | Kushiya | Izici |
| Kadera, noma Pilya Kadya, isiliva, Kadya (kufika amasentimitha amane) | Encane - iqonde, ivuthiwe - iyakhamba, inoshukela, ayinalutho. Ama-Shots aba ngama-curly (noma amakhulu) aneminyaka, agobela phansi. | I-Oval, ene-apex ekhombe, ubude amasentimitha angama-20, ububanzi - amasentimitha ayi-5. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza okotshani, eceleni kwesiqeshana imivimbo emibili yesiliva elula. | Izimbali zimhlophe. I-inflorescences isesimweni sebhulashi. |
| I-Monolithic (kufika amasentimitha amahlanu) | Izithombo ezinwabuzelayo. | Okuzungelezayo, okuncane, okufana nohlamvu lwemali. Faka umbala ohlaza okotshani | Iqoqo elikhulu lesakhiwo emhlabathini luhlobo oluthile lombhoxo omubi. |
| Omncane (kufika amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu) | Amahlumela egatsha, anamahlamvu aminyene, ayakwazi ukugwilika emhlabathini futhi, lapho ehlangene nawo, avele izimpande. | Encane (kufika kumamilimitha angama-5), eyindilinga noma eyindilinga, ecwebezelayo, iluhlaza okotshani. | Ama-inflorescence yi-corymbose, etholakala kwi-sinus yeqabunga. Izimbali zincanyana, zombili, zithandeka kwababili nabesilisa nabesifazane (owesilisa nowesifazane). Uhlobo lwe-Variegate luyakhula, lwenze ukhaphethi wezitshalo. |
| Asongwe (kufika amasentimitha amathathu) | Iqonde, iqonde. | I-Oval, enethiphu ebukhali, amasentimitha angu-7 ubude. Ingaphezulu linamanzi amaningi, liluhlaza okotshani, elinemithambo e-brownish. | Kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezi-hybrid ezinjenge-pylaea ezinwabuzelayo. |
| Ibanga Bronze elihlanganisiwe (kufika amasentimitha amathathu) | Oval, amasentimitha ayisikhombisa ubude, ichopho likhonjisiwe, ingaphezulu limbozwe amafolda namashubhu, imithambo iluhlaza obumnyama, ingaphezulu lesiliva. Olunye uhlobo lunamaqabunga aluhlaza omnyama, umucu wesiliva eceleni komthambo ophakathi. | ||
| Kugoqiwe, Norfolk (kufika amasentimitha amathathu) | Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga liyanqwabelana, kunenqwaba encane yefluffy, eluhlaza okotshani, amathambo abomvu ansundu. | Kuyi-hybrid. | |
| Spruce (kufika amasentimitha amabili) | Kahle Gatsheni. | Umugqa ohlanganisiwe noma obovate, iphoyinti elikhonjisiwe, eliyicwecwana noma nge-petiole emfushane, unqenqemeni alulingani. Umbala uligolide (lethusi) ngemivimbo yesiliva. | Izimbali ezincane eziluhlaza (kufika ku-2 mm). |
| I-Spruce, ibanga "Isihlahla sesiliva" (kufika amasentimitha amabili) | I-oval, onqenqemeni olugxilisiwe. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani wegolide, eceleni kwethambo eliphakathi nendawo kukhona umucu wesiliva, eceleni komphetho kunamabala akhanyayo. Ingaphezulu le-velvet, inqwaba imhlophe futhi ibomvu. | Kuyi-hybrid. | |
| I-Pepermiform (kufika amasentimitha amathathu) | Isiqu siqondile, siyakhula kancane, ngobudala simbozwa ngamagxolo ezansi. | Round, gloss, green green. I-Petioles yinde futhi iyaqina. Lapho isitshalo sifinyelela ukuvuthwa, kancane kancane siyawa. | Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezimelana nomoya obandayo nowomile. Izimbali zibomvu. |
| Ukukhamba (kufika amasentimitha amabili nanhlanu) | Isiqu esihubekayo. | Round, onqenqemeni lwe-wavy, 2 - 2,5 cm cm. Luhlaza okotshani, okusansimbi okusansimbi, ecwebezelayo, nangaphansi kweshidi onsomi. | Uhlobo lwe-Hybrid. |
| Kucindezelwe, elinye igama lale nhlobo ukudangala (kufika amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu) | Izilokotho ezinwabuzelayo emhlabeni. | Amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza oyindilinga anika amahlathi ukubukeka okuhle kobuhlakani. | Ukukhula, izihlahla zakha ukhaphethi oluhlaza. |
| I-Thick-leaved (kufika amasentimitha amathathu) | Izithombo ezinwabuzelayo. | Umbala uluhlaza okotshani obomvu, ingaphezulu lendawo liningi. Ifakwe ngentambo ekhanyayo. | Izimbali ezincane eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence amancane. |
| USizaya, uyiLebhanoni noma i-glauka (kufika amasentimitha amathathu) | Isitshalo esiswelayo, amahlumela ane-tint ebomvu. | Umbala oluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. | Kuqukethe odongeni nabatshali bokulengiswa. |
| I-Pinocchio (kufika amasentimitha amabili) | Izicubu ezinwabuzelayo ezinwebekayo. | Okuncane, okuluhlaza okotshani. | Izinhlobo ezixubile. |
| ISigodi Senyanga, noma iSigodi Senyanga (amasentimitha amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu) | Isitshalo esihuqayo. | Umbala uluhlaza ngama-veins ansundu, ingaphezulu ligoqiwe, ligcwele imizimba. | Kuyi-hybrid. |
Zonke lezi zinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zingathengwa ezitolo zezimbali. Etafuleni elingenhla, ungafunda incazelo emfushane yohlobo ngalunye, okuzokusiza ukhethe izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu. Intengo ye-pilea eyodwa yesihlahla ihluka kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-100 kuye kwangama-2-3.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya Kwesizini
Ukunakekela ishuni ekhaya kulula futhi akudingi ukunakekelwa okuningi. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthi uqaphele imodi yokukhanya ekhonjiswe ngezansi futhi ugcine izinga lokushisa nomswakama oludingekayo.
Isikhathi | Ukuwa / ubusika | Intwasahlobo / ihlobo |
| Umswakama | Ngesikhathi sokushisa, igumbi kufanele libe nokuthoba. Ngezinye izikhathi, umswakama owengeziwe awudingekile. Ukunisela akuvamile kunasesikhathini esifudumele. | Kufanele ibe phezulu. Awukwazi ukufafaza isitshalo, ngoba inqwaba yamaqabunga iyazwela umswakama. Ungabeka isitsha samanzi, umswakama eduze kwesitshalo, noma ubeke imbiza emgqonyeni ngethafa elingaphansi elimanzi (ubumba olunwetshiwe noma isihlabathi), uqiniseke ukuthi umgodi ongezansi awuthinti umugqa walolu thayela. Kuyadingeka ukunisela uma inhlabathi isomile, kungcono - kaningi futhi kancane kancane. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kuyingozi: uma inhlabathi imanzi kakhulu, isitshalo singagula. Kuyadingeka ukuthulula amanzi asenqwabelene ku-bilium ngesikhathi. |
| Ukushisa | + 16-16 degrees. Isikhathi esifushane, izinga lokushisa eliphansi liyamukeleka (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-10 degrees Celsius). Gwema okusalungiswa | Cishe ama-25 degrees. Lesi sitshalo singagcinwa sobabili egumbini kanye kuvulandi, sinakekele ukungabikho kokulungiswa nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. |
| Ukukhanyisa | Kuyadingeka ukuhambisa sawuna endaweni enelanga, noma usebenzise ukukhanya okungezelelwe kokufakelwa. | Ukukhanya kufanele kube kukhanya, kepha kufiphale. Kungcono ukugcina lesi sitshalo sisemthunzini ongathathi hlangothi. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kufanele kugwenywe - zingashisa amahlamvu. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kungaba iwindi elibheke empumalanga noma entshonalanga. |
Ukutshala, ukudlulisa, ukuthena, ukukhiqiza kabusha
IPylaea iyatshalwa unyaka nonyaka, njengoba ikhula njalo, futhi idinga umthamo obanzi. Lesi sitshalo sinezimpande ezincane kakhulu, ezintekenteke okulula ukuzilimaza, futhi zisakazeka ngobubanzi kunokujula. Ngakho-ke, imbiza kufanele ibe angajulile (amasentimitha ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalombili) futhi ububanzi, inezimbobo zokudonsa ngaphansi. Noma yikuphi okokusebenza kufanelekile - zombili ipulasitiki ne-ceramic.
Ukuze kutshalwe sawnning, bathatha inhlabathi ngokuphefumula okuhle, ukukhanya futhi hhayi aminyene - the umhlaba xaxa, ngcono. Indlela elula yokuthenga ingxube yenhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo. Ungenza ukuxubana ekhaya ngokuxuba isilinganiso esilinganayo sesihlabathi esihlanganayo, i-peat, i-turf ne-humus. Ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, le ngxube kumele ibalwe (kuhhavini noma kuhhavini), noma iqandiswe.
Ngezansi kwembiza faka amanzi amancanyana (ubukhulu - 2 cm), ngaphezulu kwawo - amasentimitha ambalwa womhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho bamba umhlaba ngokucophelela kuzungeze isitshalo, bese udlulisa izimpande esitsheni esisha, ukuze ungazilimazi. Yonke inhlabathi ithululelwa ohlelweni lwezimpande, yakha ungqimba noma.
Kwenqatshelwe ngokuqinile ukutshala isitshalo ngokujula okukhulu, ukusicindezela ngokuqinile phansi, noma ukunyathela inhlabathi - akufanele kube mnene.
Njengoba i-sawfly ibonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo, izihlahla kufanele zenziwe kaningi, ngaphandle kwalokho umqhele uzobukeka ungathandeki, futhi amahlamvu azoqala ukubuna kusuka amahlumela aselulwe ubude obude. Ukwenza isitshalo sibe sihle kakhulu, ungancipha izihloko zamagatsha. Uma uyinciphisa kakhulu, kuzoba nezisiki - zigcinwa kahle futhi zisetshenziselwe ukuzalaniswa.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusakazwa kwesihlahla sokhuni:
- Ukusika - kwalokhu, izingxenye zez amahlumela ezingenhla ezinamaqabunga amaqabunga amabili noma amathathu kufanelekile. Ubude bezinsika buba ngamasentimitha ayishumi. Zingafakwa embizeni yamanzi, zitshalwe izingcezu ezimbalwa esihlabathini noma ezimbizeni ezincane ezinomhlabathi. Izithombo ezintsha zisuka ngokushesha, bese emva kwalokho zingatshalwa njengamagatsha esihlahla esivamile, ngemuva kokubamba amasonto ambalwa kupholile okulinganiselayo.
- Imbewu ekhulayo, engalungele zonke izinhlobo. Imbewu ithengwa esitolo futhi itshalwe ungqimba lomhlabathi omncane (hhayi ngaphezu kwesentimitha), futhi imbozwe ngengilazi noma yongelwe ngumbambo wepulasitiki. Ukuchelela kufanele kube okulinganiselayo ukumane kuminyanise inhlabathi. Kungakapheli nenyanga, imbewu kufanele ihlume, khona-ke impahla esemboziwe iyasuswa bese izitshalo ezincane zidluliselwa ezitsheni ezihlukile.
Okulula ukusakazwa usebenzisa indlela yokuqala - uma kuphela ngoba ukusikwa esihlahleni kungathathwa njengezisiko, futhi lokhu ngeke kudinge izindleko ezengeziwe zemali.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukukhulisa isarha ekhaya, udinga ukulondla njalo - uma kungenjalo kuzokhula kabi, futhi amaqabunga ayoba mancane. Ngenkathi efudumele, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kanye ngesonto nengxenye, ekwindla nasebusika - kanye ngenyanga. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali noma uketshezi othengiswa ezitolo.
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka kanye nokunqoba kwabo
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukunakekela isarha kulula kakhulu, kulula ukwenza amaphutha okuzoholela ekutheni lesi sitshalo sigule futhi siphelelwe ubuhle baso. Okulandelayo uhlu lwezinkinga ezivame kakhulu nezinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ukuzixazulula:
| Kwenzakalani ngamaqabunga | Isizathu | Ungaphatha kanjani |
| Yomile futhi idilike. | Igumbi lishisa kakhulu, liyabanda, noma lome kakhulu. | Gcina izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile (hhayi eliphakeme kuno-+25 futhi lingaphansi kuka +15 degrees), amanzi ngendlela yesikhathi. |
| Phenduka upende futhi ube mhlophe. | Isitshalo sihlala sikhanya. | Umthunzi - imisebe yelanga eqondile ayidingeki, umthunzi oyingxenye uzoba ofanele. |
| Ziphenduka zibe mncane, zibe zincane, kanti amahlumela made kakhulu. | Ukuntuleka kokukhanya. | Hambisa endaweni enelanga elithe xaxa, noma engeza izibani zokufakelwa (njengenketho - i-phytolamp). |
| Kuvela amabala amnyama ophuzi kulawo makhasi. | Ukushiswa yilanga. | Susa elangeni eliqondile, dala umthunzi oyinxenye (ngokwesibonelo, ulenga ikhethini). |
| Yenza mnyama, ubune bese uwa amagatsha. | Umswakama owengeziwe emhlabathini. | Amanzi kuphela emva kokuba inhlabathi isomile. |
| Bhomboloza, ube othambile, onamandla. | Inhlabathi eyomile. | Amanzi kaningi, kuya ngezinga lokushisa nomswakama. |
| Amacembe aphansi ayabuna, kanti amahlumela amancane namahlamvu akhula njalo. | Isibonakaliso sokukhula kwezitshalo. | Nquma uma kunesidingo. |
Izinambuzane, izifo, izindlela zokulawula
Zombili izinambuzane eziyingozi nezifo zihlasela i-saw lapho ibuthakathaka - lokhu kungenxa yokungahambisani nemibandela yokuboshwa. Ukuze isitshalo singaguli, kudingeka usinakekele kahle futhi uhlole amaqabunga ezigciwane.
| Izinambuzane nezifo | Izizathu | Izimpawu | Ukwelashwa | Izindlela zokuvimbela |
| Ukujikeleza isiqu nohlelo lwezimpande. | Umswakama owedlulele emhlabathini ngokumelene nesizinda sokushisa komoya esiphansi kakhulu, okuholela ekuthelelekeni kwezimpande nesiqu sikhunta. | Isitshalo esidwengulayo, esidabukisayo esinamahlamvu aqhekekayo. Isiqu esiseduze nezimpande sithambile ngokungajwayelekile, sivuvukala, izimpande zohlelo lwezimpande. | Ukufakwa kumhlabathi omusha nokwelashwa okuhambisana neTopazi. | Bheka amazinga okushisa nesikhathi esifanele sokunisela sesitshalo. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu. | Izimo ezifanele kakhulu zokwehlulwa kwe-pylaea izinambuzane ukushisa, inhlabathi eyomile kanye nomswakama onganele womoya. | Ukushiya phansi, ukugqabha kanye nokuqhekeka kushiya enamachashazi (iminonjana yezilokotho zokuphuza aphuze ngalo ujusi wesitshalo). Ngaphakathi kwamahlamvu kanye neziqu ungabona iwebhu. | Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifana neFufanon, i-Decis noma i-Actara. | Gcina izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile kanye nomswakama. Njengendlela eyengeziwe yokubhekana nokhaza, ukufafaza i-pilya ngamanzi kufanelekile, ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukucisha umswakama kusuka emaqabungeni bese uwavumela ukuba omile. |
| I-Mealybug | Lesi sitshalo siba buthaka, siyeke ukukhula, amahlumela namahlamvu embozwe ngento emhlophe eqinile. | Sebenzisa i-Actara. | ||
| Ama-Thrips | Amabala wezicubu ezifile emaqabunga, asontekile, amahlumela omisiwe, ngomonakalo omkhulu - ukuhlanganiswa okukhanyayo okumboza amahlamvu. Zonke lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuba khona kwezibungu zama-thrips ezikhipha ama-juis kusuka amahlamvu. | Ukwelashwa nge-Fitoverm ekuhlakazweni kwama-2 ml ngama-milligramitha angama-200 amanzi. Ngemuva kwenqubo, bopha ngesikhwama sepulasitiki bese ume amahora angama-24. Enye inketho ukusetshenziswa kwe-Actellik (i-ampoule eyi-1 kufakwa kwilitha lamanzi, bese igumbi lingene umoya - umuthi unephunga elithile). | Phatha nge-tincture ye-celandine, susa ingaphezulu bese uyiguqula ibe yintsha, setha izicupho ezinamathelayo zezinambuzane. | |
| Isihlangu | Amaqabunga omile, asontekile futhi awonakalisiwe ambozwe ngeshubhu esinsundu esinsundu (i-carapace yezinambuzane ezikalwa). | Izikhathi zokwelashwa ezimbili (nomehluko wezinsuku eziyisikhombisa) nama-Therapeutic agents, njenge-Fitoverm noma i-Actellik. | Sula amaqabunga ngendwangu efakwe emanzini anensipho ukususa amagobolondo, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa, hlola isitshalo futhi. |
