I-Enotera - Lena imbali engapheli, eyaziwa ngegama layo lesibili, okungukuthi: "ebusuku primrose" noma "amakhandlela kusihlwa". Lesi sitshalo sifanelwe amagama anjalo ngenxa yombala wegolide we-efihlekile kanye nokuvuthwa okunamandla kusihlwa.
Uyazi? I-enotera ye-genus ihlanganisa nenani elikhulu lemifino yaminyaka yonke, ye-biennial neyomisiwe yama-herbal.
Ukunakekela isimangaliso segolide akulona nzima kakhulu, futhi sizofakazela kulokhu kulesi sihloko.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-esotera
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-150 zezinhlobo zokuhlwa ezidinga izimbali. Abalimi banda kakhulu izinhlobo zokutshala: Okumnandi, uKrupnotsvetkovuyu, Bush, Missouri naseTetragonal.
Okumnandi
Le enotera ithanda isithunzi kakhulu. Ngakho indawo yokutshala kufanele ibe emthunzini, noma kufanele kube khona isikhala esincane eduze kwesitshalo. I-Enotera I-Fragrant ikhula kuze kufike ku-1 m ukuphakama futhi ivumelanisa ngokugcwele nezinye izimbali ngenxa yokukhula kwayo. Izimbali zase-primrose zasebusuku ziphuzi futhi zinkulu. Ikakhulukazi lolu hlobo lweqiniso lokuthi lungashiya amafihlethi alo evulekile usuku lonke.
Ikhulu-iphethwe
U-Enotera grandiflora naye wabiza iminyaka emibili. Ngenye yezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu emkhakheni wezimbongolo futhi ikhula ngamamitha amabili. Izimbali ziphuzi elikhanyayo nephunga elimnandi, elizwa ikakhulukazi kusihlwa noma ebusuku.
Uyazi? Kungenzeka ukuthi kuthiwa yi-asshole ngoba amaqabunga e-primrose ehlwaya abukeka njengezindlebe zembongolo.
Shrub
Lesi sitshalo sihluke kwezinye izinhlobo ze-enotery ngoba likhula kuze kube ngu-90 cm ukuphakama futhi liqinile, lixhunywe kahle ngamagatsha aphuzi. Izimbali zenza izimbali zikhangele i-enoteru shrub, ikakhulukazi ekwindla, lapho amaqabunga esihlahla enobomvu obomvu.
Missouri
Izwe lalezi ezihlukahlukene - eningizimu yeNyakatho Melika. Lena imifino engapheli efinyelela ku-40 cm ukuphakama. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezikhula kancane ze-enotera inezimbali ezinkulu ezilodwa ezifinyelela ku-10 cm ububanzi. Ukuma kwezimbali kufana nezinkomishi. I-aucotera i-missouri ayiyona into engavamile ngoba ikhula yonke ihlobo kuze kube seqhwa. Iphunga elimnandi nelinamakha amanothi.
I-Quadrilateral
Izwe lalezi zinhlobo zezitshalo limpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. I-enotera quadrangular ikhula kuze kube ngu-70 cm ubude futhi i-inflorescences ye-thyroid ephuzi cishe ngamasentimitha angu-45. Lezi zitshalo ezinqabile ukukhuphula zizala ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Ukuvuthwa kwebusuku kuthoma isibalo se-tetrahedral kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti.
Izici zokufika nokukhiqizwa kokuthengiswa
Ukutshala ubusuku obusika ngeke kube nzima kubaflorisi, kanye nokunakekela isitshalo. Ivela embewu lapho ukuphila komuthi kuqala khona. Into esemqoka ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala imbewu ye-enotera. Sizoxoxa ngalezi zigaba ezilandelayo.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Enotera ithanda izindawo zelanga, ngakho-ke uma isayithi lakho lingaseningizimu, imbewu itshalwe ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukukhulisa i-enoteru embewu akulula kakhulu, njengoba isitshalo sidinga izimo ezithile.
Imbewu ye-primrose kusihlwa iqoqwe kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba, kodwa uma umlimi engadini engesizathu esenza lokhu, ke izintuthwane zivele zisakaze ezungeze isayithi.
Kubalulekile! I-Enotera ayibekezelelisi umswakama omile, ngakho indawo enhle yokutshala kuyoba yinto enomhlabathi kanye nenhlabathi.
Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, inhlabathi kufanele ifakwe umquba wokugqoka kanye ne-humus e-potash-phosphorus. Isakhiwo sokutshala sagubha ihlumela elilodwa futhi liphuza kakhulu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ukujula kwe-3 cm begodu ihlanganiswe nomhlabathi.
Ukutshala izithombo ezinkulu
I-enotera ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa abanye balimi bahlwanyela imbewu izithombo kuqala. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okucacile, ngoba izimbali zesitshalo zenzeka ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala.
Ngenxa yalokhu, abafisi bezitshalo bahlwanyela imbewu emabhodini nge peat ngoFebhuwari. Ukumboza ibhodlela ngefilimu ngaphambi kokusuka kokuqala. Khona-ke ifilimu kufanele isuswe futhi iphuze ngokweqile kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sinamaqabunga ama-5-6. Izithombo ezinjalo ziwela emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphandle kukaMeyi. Ukujula kwezimbobo zokutshala kufanele kube okungenani ngama-50 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo zokuvotela kumele kube ngamasentimitha angu-60. Emva kokutshala, inhlabathi iyaswakanyiswa.
Uyazi? I-Enotera ingenye yezitshalo ezingahle ziphendule ubusuku obujwayelekile ehlobo zibe yindabakwane.
Uhlukanisa isihlahla
Ukukhulisa lesi sitshalo akukhawulelwe kumbewu. Ungasebenzisa le ndlela, njengokuhlukaniswa kokuthengiswa kwamahlathi. NgoMeyi noma ngasekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, izihlahla zihlukaniswa zibe yi-delenki futhi zifakwa endaweni entsha. Ngokuyinhloko khetha izimpande ezinwabuzelayo ngephuzu elikhulayo.
Ungakwazi ukuziphindaphinda phakathi nonyaka, ngisho nangesikhathi sezimbali. Izimila zinamandla futhi zingagcina ukubukeka kwazo ngaphandle kwamanzi nomhlabathi izinsuku eziningana. Emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, izimpande zithatha kahle futhi zikhule ngokushesha.
Kubalulekile! Ungalimi isitshalo ngesikhathi sishisa ehlobo, njengoba umuthi kusihlwa ungase uphume.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlwa kwe-primrose nezinye izitshalo
Kusukela kusihlwa kusihlwa izimpande ezinamandla kakhulu ezithuthuka ngokushesha, izimbali zingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izitshalo uma zitshalwe endaweni enganele.
I-Enotera ibukeka kahle futhi ibuke ngokuvumelana phakathi kwe-plantings yeqembu. Izinhlobonhlobo eziphezulu zibukeka zihle ngemuva, futhi ngezansi ungahlela amabellane noma ama-daylilies.
Uma unezinhlobo eziphansi ze-enotery, ungabatshala emagqumeni ase-alpine nge-lobelia.
Indlela yokunakekela le-enothera kusayithi
Emva kokutshala, ubusuku bokuhlwa budinga ukuthi isitshalo sigcinwe kahle.
I-Enotera ayithandi ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwamanzi ezimpandeni, okuholela kokubola nokufa kwembali. Imbali ithuliswa ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo nesomile, njengalesi sikhathi umhlaba umile. Izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukuchelela okunamandla nokuvame njalo.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, i-enotera ayidingi umanyolo, ngoba isakhi se-nutrient seneziwe kakade emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala. Eminyakeni elandelayo yokuphila lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe nomquba. Phakathi nezimbali ezikhulayo nokukhula, i-potassium sulfate nezinkuni zokhuni zengezwa ekugqokeni okuphezulu.
Futhi, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo kumele ihlale ikhululiwe. Londla umhlaba nge-oxygen. Kubalulekile futhi ukususa ukhula, njengoba bekwazi ukuvimba ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Uyazi? Amafutha e-primrose asebusuku athuthukisa inhlalakahle yabesifazane ezinsukwini ezibucayi, kusiza ukugcina isimo somzimba, kuncishiswe ukugcoba kwamafutha emathisini.
Izinqubo ze-Autumn nobunikazi busika kusihlwa
I-primrose pruning yenziwa kanye, ekwindla, ngoba izingxenye zonke ezingenhla-phansi zembali zigawulwa emhlabathini.
Lesi sitshalo singamelana nesithwathwa futhi asidingi indawo yokuhlala eqinile ebusika. Ngemuva kokuqeda ubusuku bokuhlwa, kuyoba okwanele ukugubha umhlaba kuze kube ngu-5 cm high. Peat noma umquba isetshenziswa njengesivikelo. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izitshalo ezincane ziphethe i-lapniknik. Ukushisa kwe-Enotra ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi akudingi ukunakekelwa ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukuphikiswa kuya kusihlwa se-primrose disease
Ukukhula nokunakekela i-enothero akubanga imbangela. Kodwa lezi akuzona kuphela i-pluses yembali. Kuhlaba umxhwele ekumelaneni nezifo nezinambuzane. Ngokunakekelwa okuncane, ngeke uhlangabezane nezinambuzane, kodwa kusesinye isifo esingathinta isitshalo sakho.
Idonsa likaMealy - Kuyinto isifo fungal ezibonakala ezitshalweni ezincane. I-white powdery scurf ivela emaqabunga, amahlumela namafihlekile. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, le-plaque kancane kancane iyancipha, futhi izicubu ezithintekayo ziphenduka umbala. Amaqabunga aphelile futhi asomile. Ama-Buds ayomile, angabonakali.
Ngaphambi kokukhipha ukuhlwa kwe-primrose kusihlwa, phatha ukuvimbela uketshezi lwe-sulfur colloidal. Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zezifo, geza amaqabunga ngekhambi le-soda ash kanye nesepha. Uma uthembela amakhemikhali ngaphezulu, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Scor no-Horus.
Uyazi? Izimpande ze-primrose zasebusuku ziqukethe isamba esikhulu samashukela, isitashi kanye ne-inulin, amaqabunga anesithambile C vitamin C, nawo anenani elincane kakhulu levithamini A ku-P.
I-Enotera iyisitshalo esihle kakhulu futhi sinesizotha sokunakekela. Uma unquma ukuhlobisa utshani lwakho ngezimbali ezinhle eziphuzi, lesi sitshalo sifanele ukwakha ukwakheka okuthakazelisayo.
