Irises yizitshalo ezinhle kakhulu, ingqikithi yokungahloniphi, hhayi ukukhathazeka okuningi nabo. Kodwa uma kuhlanjululwa kakhulu, kuhlotshaniswa okuhlukahlukene, okukhethwa ngokwengeziwe kunemibandela yokuboshwa futhi kuphakama ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuthinteka yizilokazane nezifo. Uma sikhula irises, sibophezelekile ukuba silandele imithetho eyisisekelo yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Kusukela kulesi sihloko uzothola izimbangela eziyinhloko zempilo embi yababulali, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela izifo, ukulwa nama-parasites nezindlela zokwelapha le mibala.
Uyazi? Abantu baseSlavic banegama elinjalo lama-irises ngokuthi "i-pivnik" ("cockerel" e-Ukraine), "kasatik" (amaqabunga abonakala sengathi i-scythe), futhi "i-perunika" (ngemva komsakade waseSlavonic wasePrunun).
Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane ze-irises
Isimo esiyinhloko sokukhula kahle nokungabikho kwezilokazane eziyi-irises ukugcinwa kwemithetho ye-agrotechnical nokubona okucacile kwezimbali ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Umsuka (u-anyanisi) umuthi
Akulimazi nje irises kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izitshalo eziningi bulbous. Lezi zinambuzane zinomzimba wokugcoba, omhlophe kanye nezinyathelo ezingu-8, okukwazi ukubeka amaqanda angu-800 ngenkathi ngayinye. Ukukhiqiza okusheshayo, okunamandla, umuthi wezimpande udinga unomanzi (ubuncane obungama-60%) nemvelo efudumele. Ngokuvamile kuthinta izitshalo kakade ezithathelwe ezinye izinambuzane. Ukungenelela ohlelweni lwempande, luhlala ekuqhekekeni kwezimpande noma phakathi kwezikali. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-root rots, futhi amahlamvu aphenduka ophuzi. Uma ukuthelela ukutshala izinto, kumile.
Njengendlela yokwenza umzabalazo, sebenzisa ukumba umbhede wembali ekwindla, qiniseka ukuthi ususe ama-rhizomes namanje angenayo i-irises egulayo, qaphela izinsuku zokutshala. Kunconywa ukuthi lezi zimbali zikhethe indawo eduze kombhede wesanqante. Ukugcina ibhulogi kufanele kube ne-disinfected nge-checkers ekhethekile, futhi ama-bulb kufanele abe omisiwe at ~ 36 ° C futhi athulwe nge-choki (20 g ngalinye ngo-1 kg). Ngaphambi kokutshala, futhi sebenzisa i-tick repellent ukuphatha ama-bulbs.
Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, ukwelashwa kwe-irises kulezi zinambuzane kuhilela ukuphalaza ngesisombululo se-0.1% uRorora, i-0.2% ye-Trichlormetaphos, i-0.2-0.3% i-Karbofos, noma ukuphuza u-0.2% uKeltan, uRoror "ne" Chlorofos ". Kubuye kuvunyelwe ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngama-insecticide.
Ama-nematodes anyanisi
Lena inkathazo eyingozi ye-irises kuphela, kodwa futhi nezitshalo eziningi zemifino. Le mbobu emhlophe eyi-1.5mm ithinta imbewu nezitshalo, ingahlala iminyaka eminingi yesomiso, kodwa idinga indawo emanzi kakhulu yokusabalalisa okuningi. Lezi zinambuzane zondla ijusi le-iris, zilahla ukukhula kwazo, okuholela ekusungulweni kwezimbali ezihlanekeziwe neziqu ezivuvukalayo.
Njengoba ngokulwa nomswakama wezimpande, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya isitoreji bese ukomisa u-anyanisi. Ukutshala kuthatha indawo eduze nanqante. Ukusebenzisa i-percalcite kuzobhubhisa amaqanda nezimpungushe ze-nematodes. Ake sithi futhi ukuphuza ngamanzi ammonia nokuphathwa kwenhlabathi nge-urea.
Kubalulekile! Ungalimi iris endaweni efanayo iminyaka eminingana. Phakathi nesitoreji, umswakama awufanele udlule 70%.
Kwangathi i-beetle
Izimpungushe ze-cockchafer zihlala emhlabathini iminyaka eminingana. Bashaya izimpande ze-irises. Okuhle kunakho konke kusiza ukukhipha ama-crunches ngokuyimishini ngesikhathi sokumba ngokujulile. Futhi njengoba zingatholakala emquba, ngaphambi kokufaka umquba emhlabathini, kufanelekile ukuhlunga nokususa zonke izibungu. Kulo mpi futhi isebenzisa izicupho zokukhanya kanye nokwethulwa kwe-ammonia anhydrous.
Medvedka
I-Medvedka inezinhlangothi ezimbili zamaphiko, phambi kokumba izinyawo kanye nemisipha eqinile. It gnaws izimpande kanye neziqu. Okuyingozi kakhulu irises zezinyosi. Ukuvikela ngokumelene nebhere, faka ngokujulile enhlabathini, sebenzisa izicupho. Ngentwasahlobo, slate indawo, plywood, njll esiqhingini. Insect izokhamba ngaphansi kwabo, futhi kuyodingeka uhlole izicupho futhi abhubhise izinambuzane. Noma faka izinqwaba ezincane zemilenze, lapho izinhloko zizobeka khona amaqanda, futhi ungakwazi ukuqoqa izinambuzane.
Ekwindla, bamba izimbobo eziningana zemitha bese ugcwalisa ngomquba. I-Medvedka ifika lapho ebusika. Futhi ngokushesha nje lapho ama-frosts efika, umquba kufanele uphonswe ngaphandle kwemigodi. Lokhu kuzoholela ekufeni kwenkathazo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho zamanzi kungenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, gcwalisa izimbiza ngamanzi, kodwa hhayi kuze kube sekupheleni, kodwa nge-indentation ka-10 cm bese uwafaka emhlabathini. Hlola njalo izicupho bese ubhubhisa izinambuzane ezitholwe khona.
Isikole sebusika
Kuvame ukulimaza ezindaweni zenhlabathi ezimanzi. Njengomphumela womsebenzi wayo, iziqu ziphuma, amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi futhi aphelile. Ukwengeza, amacimbi ahlambalaza angalimaza uhlelo lwempande, okuyinto engathinteka kalula yizifo. Lapho kunqotshwa ukugxila emagqumeni ukufaka ukuvula emhlabathini ophansi kuzobonakala.
Ukubhubhisa ama-pupae, bamba ngokujulile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ukhulule inhlabathi. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, funa isisombululo se-10% seKarbofos bese uphinda inqubo ngemuva kwesonto.
I-wireworm
I-wireworm ibizwa ngokuthi i-larva ye-beetle yokuchofoza. Unombala ophuzi futhi ungasenhlabathini iminyaka engu-3-4. Lezi zinambuzane zibamba izingxenye ezimpandeni, kukhona amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, kanye nokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthuthukisa izifo ze-irises, ezingabangela ngisho nokufa kwesitshalo.
Ukhula olufana ne-wheatgrass nokuhlwanyela izinhlanzi yilokudla okuyisisekelo, ngokulandelana, kufanele sihlale sinakekele ukusilalisa futhi sikhulule inhlabathi. Futhi, ucingo luthanda inhlabathi e-acidic, ngakho-ke kuphakanyiswa ukuba wenze ufulawa, umlotha, u-choki noma ufulawa wama dolomite. Futhi uma wenza i-ammonium nitrate noma i-ammonium sulfate, kuzosiza ukunciphisa inani lezibungu.
Slugs
Ukulimala hhayi kuphela irises, kodwa futhi nezinye izitshalo imifino kanye yemifino. Gnala izimbobo ezibomvu emaqabunga, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izimbali zezitshalo. Ziyingozi futhi ngoba zibekezelela i-bacteriosis. Amaqabunga esiliva asele emaqabunga.
Ukusungula izicupho ze-burdocks kanye nezigqoko ezimanzi kuzokusiza ukuthi ubambe futhi ubhubhise ama-slugs. Kusihlwa noma ekuseni, esimweni esomile nesomfudumalo, usakaze i-metaldehyde eline-granulated phakathi kwe-irises noma usebenzise utshwala ogwayi kanye ne-hydrated lime. Inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo efafazwe ne-superphosphate izobavusa. Ukuvimbela kuyokwenziwa ukukhipha ukhula.
Aphid ubhontshisi
Lezi zinambuzane, ukuhlala emaqabunga, amahlumela abancane namafihlekile, unombala omnyama oluhlaza noma obomvu. Idla ngokusitshalaliswa kwezitshalo, yingakho amahlumela aphefumula, futhi amahlamvu ahlukaniswa futhi aphikisiwe.
Izithako zokuphuza i-phosphorus-potassium kanye nokusila isetshenziswa njengezinyathelo zokulawula. Uma ama-aphid engenawo isikhathi sokwanda, khona-ke isuswa ngesandla, futhi uma igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, lisebenzisa izinambuzane ezifuywayo ze-domestic and chemical, zishintsha zonke izinsuku ezingu-10.
Kubalulekile! Ikhambi elihle elingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha irises entwasahlobo yezifo isisombululo se-manganese. Ukungcola okunjalo kufanele kudlule imizuzu engu-20.
Thrips
I-thrips - engaqondakali, encane, kufika ku-1 mm, izinambuzane. Kukhona abamnyama, abomvu, abomvu, nezimpungushe - ophuzi ophuzi, oluhlaza nobumnyama. Zidla umthamo wamaselula, ngenxa yalokho amaqabunga ahlambalaza futhi aphefumula, kanti i-rhizome ewonakele ihlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama. Ngokuvamile ukufihla emafihlekalini nasezinkalweni zezitshalo noma ama-leaf sinus.
Ukuze uvimbele futhi ulawule, bamba inhlabathi, ukhiphe ukhula futhi uchithe ama-irises esimweni esishisayo nesomile. Uma kwenzeka izilonda eziningi nge-thrips, sebenzisa izitshalo nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingu-7-10 nezixazululo ze-organophosphate.
Izifo eziyinhloko ze-irises, ukwelashwa kwazo
Ama-Irises aphikisana nokunye okuphela kwesikhathi, kodwa asengathinteka kokubili amagciwane, ama-fungal, nama-bacteria. Okulandelayo, sibheka izifo eziyinhloko ze-irises nezindlela zokulwa nazo.
Alternaria
Lena igciwane le-fungal, lapho ihlumela elimnyama lifake khona emaphethelweni amaqabunga amaqabunga, bese-ke boma bese bewa. Isitshalo esithathelelekile kufanele sisuswe, ngoba ukutheleleka kukwazi ukuhlala emhlabathini. Sebenzisa ukuhlunga okwenziwa njalo kweBordeaux ukuhlanganiswa ngaphambi nangemva kwemifula (noma okulinganayo) njengomuthi.
I-Ascohitosis
I-Ascochitis, ebizwa nangokuthi i-mushroom leaf spot, iholela ekuboneni kwamanothi ensundu obuningi, esekelwe emaphethelweni. Uma lesi sifo siqhubeka, amahlamvu athintekile aboma ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngenkathi yokwelashwa, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukutheleleka kungagcina kokubili emhlabathini nasemasimini ezitshalo. Ukulwa nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngethusi, njengengxube yeBordeaux noma abafaka endaweni, ngaphambi nangemva kokuqhakaza.
Heterosporiosis
I-Heterosporia, noma i-leaf spotting, icushiwe kusukela maphakathi no-Julayi futhi izwa ngcono uma isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi siphuthumayo. Ukuhluleka kuqala emaphepheni amakhulu, asebekhulile. Izindawo ezigcoba ama-whitish-gray zivela futhi ziba zikhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke amaqabunga angaphandle aphelile, futhi ukutheleleka kuphelela ngaphakathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngalesi sifo ukususa njalo amaqabunga omisiwe, amaqabunga asebekhulile kanye nezinhlayiya zezitshalo. Ungasebenzisa futhi amafungicide ngethusi kanye ne-zinc.
UMose
Irises i-Mosaic ivame ukubhekana ne-aphid. Kubonakala imivimbo ephakathi nendawo nezindawo ezikhanyayo emaqabunga. Njengoba izindlela eziphumelelayo zokusebenzisana nomusa zingakatholakali, kuzomele kwenziwe imizamo yokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Zihlanganisa: imikhuba efanele yokulima, ukulawula ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane ezondla ngosizo lwamakhemikhali, ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwezicabha ezigulayo.
Spotting
Njengesivikelo sokuvimbela yonke inhlobo yamabhuloki, ukuhlunga izimbali nge-1% ingxube yeBordeaux isetshenziswa.
Uyazi? Igama elithi "iris" lihunyushwe ngesiGreki ngokuthi "umnsalo", ngoba imbali ibizwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi wasendulo ongumGreki u-Iris, owehla emhlabeni ngobuningi.
Ukugqwala
Njengoba isifo esinjalo se-irises, njenge-rust, amaqabunga omnyama avela emaqabunga, lapho i-cloth efa khona, futhi ngesikhathi isikhathi amahlamvu elala, aphikisana futhi efa. Iziqu zikhubazekile. Ama-spores angaphikelela enhlabathini futhi atshale imfucuza.
Kumele uhambisane nesiko (tshala iris futhi endaweni efanayo ngemva kweminyaka engu-3-4), uchithe inhlabathi, ubhubhise wonke amaqabunga anegciwane bese uphatha konke okuyisisombululo ngesulfure (phinda njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zesifo ziphela).
Ukubola okumanzi (i-bacteriosis)
Ukubola okumanzi noma okupholile kuyisifo se-bacterial esingabonakala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uma unaka izindawo ezithile ezibomvu kumaqabunga aqhekekile. Baqala ukukhula nsundu emaphethelweni bese ekugcineni boma. Isisekelo sezinhlanga sizwakala kabi. Ingxenye yangaphakathi ye-rhizomes ethintekile ibonakala njengomhlophe omhlophe ngephunga elimnandi.
Kubalulekile! Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngenxa yobuningi obuphezulu nokutshala kwabantu, ukushisa kwama-rhizomes nokufakwa komquba omusha. Ukuntuleka kwe-calcium ne-phosphorus, kanye nokweqa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen, nakho kuyakhuthaza kwe-bacteriosis.
Izicubu ezithintekayo kumele zisuswe ngommese kanye nokusika ukusika nge-potassium permanganate. Ukuze uzalise, sebenzisa kuphela impahla yekhwalithi. Susa amaqabunga afakwe esakhiweni bese ubhubhisa, futhi ekwindla, uqoqe futhi ususe zonke izinhlawulo zezitshalo.
Grey ukubola
Kubonakala ngenxa yezinhlobo ezimbili zamakhowe. Owokuqala usebenze emswakama ophezulu futhi wenza emaphethelweni amaqabunga neziqu. Ekugcineni, ama-leaf rots futhi ahlanganiswe ne-gray bloom. Owesibini uholela ekuboleni okomile kwama-rhizomes.
Ukuvimbela isifo esinjalo ukuba singathinti irises zakho, zihlwanyele emhlabathini ongenalutho, sebenzisa izinto eziphilile, ususe ngokushesha izingxenye ezimele futhi ungakhohlwa ukuqoqa nokushisa zonke izinsalela ekwindla.
Ukubola okumile (iFusarium)
Ukusabalala okumile kusuka ezimpandeni, lapho, ekhulayo, ihlanganisa izimpahla zesitshalo. Ama-Rhizomes ayomile. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo inokubonakala kokuma ngokushesha kwezimbali namaqabunga. Izitshalo ezifile kudingeka zisuswe kusayithi, futhi izindawo zazo zokukhula ziphathwa nge-oxychloride yethusi. Sula irises enempilo nge-fungicide.
Izindlela zokuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane
Njengoba ubona, ukuvimbela okungcono kunoma yiziphi izifo nezinambuzane kuzokuhambisana nemithetho yobunjiniyela bezolimo, ukufaka umanyolo okufanele futhi ofika ngesikhathi, ukuchelela, ukumba umhlabathi, ukususa ukhula, kanye nokukhetha izinto zokutshala okusezingeni eliphezulu nokucubungula izindlela ezikhethekile njengoba kudingeka.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko mayelana nezinambuzane, izifo ze-irises kanye nokwelashwa kwazo kwakuwusizo kuwe. Qaphela le mibala futhi unikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele, futhi uzodinga kuphela ulwazi oluhlinzekwe njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela.
