Kuyinto ethakazelisayo njalo ukujwayela izinhlobo ezintsha zemagilebhisi; ngokushesha kukhona isifiso sokukhula lesi sitshalo esakhiweni sayo.
Abaningi bewayini abavuthayo baqala ukufaka ubuciko kanye namabhizinisi abo ngokudala ama-hybrids ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala ngokwabo.
Yiqiniso, akubona abantu abaningi abaphumelela kulokhu, kodwa kukhona labo abathandi abaye babhalela njalo amagama abo encyclopedia mayelana ne-viticulture.
Kungomunye walabo abathandayo, ogama lakhe linguZagorulko, kanye nangendalo yakhe ebizwa ngokuthi "Sophia", futhi akutshele ngezansi.
Izici zokukhula kanye nokuhluma kwezivini zikaSofia: izinzuzo eziyinhloko kanye nokungalungi
Amagilebhisi "Sofia" kubhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zamagilebhisi: inhloso yakhe enkulu ukudla amajikijolo ngokuqondile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi kungcono kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazuzwa njengezimfanelo zayo kusukela kumafomu afana namagilebhisi njenge "Arcadia" ne "Kishmish Radiant". Imizamo kaVV V. Zagorulko ayivumelekile ukuba ithole nje kuphela ukudla okuhlwabusayo, kodwa futhi izithelo zomvini eziqhubekayo, enendawo enkulu kakhulu yokulima.
Iqoqo lamagilebhisi aseSofia libukeka kanjani futhi lihluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo?
I-plus enkulu yalolu hlu oluhlukahlukene lwamagilebhisi ukuthi amaqoqo ayo ayingayizi enkulu futhi abe nokubukeka okukhangayo kakhulu. Ubukhulu beqoqo elilodwa eliphakathi liyi-1 kilogram, nakuba amaqhawe athola isisindo sika 2.5-3 kilogram. Amajikijolo emaqenjini afakwa ngokuqinile, amaqoqo ahlulekile ehlathini ayitholakali. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho namasayizi amancane weqembu, isisindo salo singakwazi ukufinyelela ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Futhi, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa amajikijolo amakhulu, ama-egg-shaped. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu berry obujwayelekile buyi 3,3 x2 amasentimitha, okubonisa ngokucacile ukuma kwawo okuxubile. Izinkomba eziphezulu zesisindo samajikijolo omvini "Sofia" yi-15 amagremu. Kodwa azihlukanisi ngobukhulu nokuma, kodwa umbala omnyama obomvu wombala wesikhumba.
Ukwengeza, ngenxa yobumnandi kanye ne-juiciness ephezulu yesithelo, ukunambitheka kwalolu hlobo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuyamnandi, nephunga elimnandi lezithelo. Futhi, naphezu kokwanela okwanele kwesikhumba salezi ezihlukahlukene, akunakuzwa neze lapho udla. Ukukhathazeka kuphela kungaba khona imbewu ka-1-2 emajikijolo amakhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-parthenocarpy, okungukuthi, amajikijolo angenalutho, ikhula ngesihlahla samavini saseSophia kaningi.
Isivuno samagilebhisi "Sofia": izici zokuvuthwa nokususwa kwezithelo
Ngokuvamile, ukuvunwa kwamagilebhisi alezi zihlukahlukene kungabizwa kuhle. Ngenxa yesikhukhula esinamandla nokuvuthwa okufanako kwamahlumela, izithelo zithola inani elanele lezakhi futhi zinikezwa kahle ngelanga. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isihlahla sinembali yesifazane kuphela, sithinteka kakhulu impova ngezinye izinhlobo, ngakho-ke izivuno zakhiwa kancane kancane.
Ama-berries angaboniwe futhi ayenziwa futhi, ngokuvamile avamekile emhlathini enezimbali ezifanayo. Okuhle kakhulu, isihlahla sivotelwa impova yomzali wayo, i-Arcadia ehlukahlukene.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi "Sofia" zibhekisela kwelinye lazo zokuqala. Izimila zasemahlathini zidlula ngempumelelo ezinsukwini ezingu-110-115 kuphelaokuvumela ukuthi uqale ukuvuna isivuno semagilebhisi engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti.
Ngokufushane mayelana nezinzuzo nezinzuzo zamagilebhisi "Sofia"
• Ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi okuqala kanye nokuvunwa okuhle kokuthengiswa okuphezulu nokunambitha.
• Ukumelana ne-frost ezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Ukraine neRussia kuphakeme kakhulu - isihlahla sibekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku -21ºС. Kodwa-ke, isadinga indawo yokuhlala, ikakhulu lapho ifika ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho yezulu.
• Ibekezelela ukushisa nesomiso kahle, kodwa ngokushisa okwesikhathi eside, ama-bunches amagilebhisi adinga ukumbozwa ngamaqabunga.
• Ama-sophia amagilebhisi awaphethwe yizifo ezinjalo zefungal. Njengamazolo e-oidium ne-mealy.
• Abaningi bakhangwa ukufaneleka okuhle kwesitshalo salolu hlobo lwezokuthutha, okuvumela ukuba lukhule ukuze lithengiswe.
• Ukusabalaliswa kwezinhlobonhlobo kugqugquzelwa ukukhula kwe-cuttings emihle kakhulu kanye nokutholakala kwezithombo zesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile kahle.
Yiziphi ukungapheleli kwamagilebhisi "Sofia": izinkinga ezihlukahlukene
Abaningi babheka ukuthi kuyingozi kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi ale mbali ukuba babe nemisebenzi yamakhosi kuphela embali yayo. Kodwa-ke, uVan Zagorulko ngokwakhe uqobo uthi leli qiniso alibonakali nakancane kulo mkhiqizo. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-inflorescences yamagilebhisi ka "Sophia" inezimbali eziningi, okwenza ukuba bangenakuvame ukuba nempova kusuka kwamanye amagilebhisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokuvuna kwalesi sivini siyisikhathi eside, futhi kanye nekhono le-pistil lokugcina umswakama kahle, isihlahla singaba sempova ngokuqondile kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziqhakaza ngokufana nazo.
Ukuntuleka okukhulu kwe "Sophia" ukuthambekela kwamajikijolo okwedlulele ukuwa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukushiya isitshalo esivuthiwe esihlahleni, ngoba ngeke nje silahlekelwe yizimfanelo zayo, kodwa kungahle siphume.
Ukufunda ukutshala amagilebhisi: imiyalelo eningiliziwe nezincomo
Abaningi bethu banamandla kakhulu kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ekutshaleni amagilebhisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, leli bhizinisi alukhohlisi, kodwa linalo izici zalo kanye nemithetho, ngaphandle kokuthi awukwazi yini ukukhula kuphela isihlahla esingenalutho futhi esingenasithelo, kodwa futhi ubhubhise ngokuphelele imbewu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ama-saplings amancane amagilebhisi atholakala kakhulu emazingeni aphansi okushisa nezifo.
Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukulimala noma ukufika akusikho ngesikhathi esifanele kunganciphisa yonke imizamo yakho phansi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sincoma ukuthi uzijwayele incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokutshala amagilebhisi aseSofia.
Okuncane ngezindlela zokuzalisa izinhlobo "Sofia"
Amagilebhisi ashintshana kakhulu futhi asheshe aqoqwe ama-cuttings, ngakho-ke angasakazwa nje kuphela ngokutshala izithombo ezikhulile kusuka kumbewu. Naphezu kokuthi le ndlela ibuye isebenze kahle, kufanele uqaphele lokhu okulandelayo:
• Inoculation varietal cuttings esitokisini ngenani elikhulu lezinkuni ezivuthiwe. Ngale ndlela, kwenza kube lula ukukhula ngesihlahla somvini ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo, ngoba kakade ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kuyoba nesimiso sezintuthuko ezithuthukile. Ngakho-ke, amagilebhisi anjalo azokhula ngokushesha, futhi angaqala ukulimaza ngonyaka ngaphambili.
Kodwa-ke, ikhwalithi yesitokisi ingaboniswa ehlathini: naphezu kokuthi isihlahla sezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene "uSophia" sinamandla, lapho kuhlanganiswa ukusika lezi zinhlobonhlobo esitokisini esifushane, lesi sihlahla esisha cishe sizophinde sakhiwe ngaphansi.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwamagilebhisi "Sofia" ngosizo lwamathinta. Le ndlela iqukethe ukuthi ihlumela elihle, elide nelinamandla lisuswa ehlathini elikhulu le-fruiting. Ilala emhlabathini futhi igcwele inhlabathi enkulu. Uma inhlabathi isomile, kuyasiza ukuyihlanza. Emva kwesikhathi esithile, ihlumela lizoqala izimpande futhi uma ulisika esihlahleni esikhulu, khona-ke ukukhishwa okulandelayo kungafakwa kabusha njenganoma yisiphi isithombo.
Ngokwemvelo, ukutshala amagilebhisi ngezithombo, zombili ezihlanganisiwe futhi ezikhulile kusuka ezinhlathini noma ezihlukahlukene ze-cuttings, nazo zinikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokukwazi ukudala izimpande kulezi zinhlobonhlobo, uhlelo lwazo lwempande luyathuthuka kakhulu. Leli qiniso linomthelela omuhle ekwenzeni isimo se-seedling esimweni esisha sokukhula nokusheshisa ukukhula.
Indlela yokukhetha isikhathi sokutshala amagilebhisi "Sofia"
Amagilebhisi angatshalwa cishe unyaka wonke, kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Konke kuzokwentiwa ngokuthi iyiphi indlela yokufika oyikhethayo. Uma kungenjalo, akukho umehluko noma kunoma iyiphi inzuzo kwenye noma kwenye indawo.
Entwasahlobo, izithombo zivame ukutshala, ezagcinwa kuze kube yintsuku ekwindla noma ezikhulile kusuka ezicutheni. Kulesi simo, owokuqala angatshala kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi, ngokushesha nje lapho kusetshenzwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi noma elincane. Ukuze uvikele le nsila emaqanda angalindelekile, ihlanganiswe ibhokisi lebhodi lebhodi elilula elinomgodi ophezulu.
Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kungasuswa. Kodwa izithombo ezikhulile kusukela ku-cuttings zingatshalwa ngisho nengxenye yokuqala kaJuni. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungcono ukulinda kuze kube khona isitsha samanzi esakhula kahle enkomishini ngomhlabathi, ukuze ungalimazi uma usufaka emhlabathini ovulekile.
Amapulangwe okutshala kwentwasahlobo:
• Umvini omncane unesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa kahle futhi uthathe izimpande endaweni entsha. Uhlelo lwempande luyathuthuka, oluvele lwazi amandla okudla ngokuzimela ehlathini ngezakhi kanye nomswakama obalulekile.
• Izithombo zase Spring ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha.
Ukutshala kwe-autumn yamagilebhisi kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngemuva kwalesi sitshalo kuya esikhathini se-dormancy ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi izithombo zingafakwa endaweni engapheli yokukhula, futhi ukusika kungavuna futhi kuhlanganiswe (nakuba ukuhlanganiswa kwezicucu kungenziwa entwasahlobo, uma izivuno ezivuna ngesikhathi sekwindla zingagcinwa).
Kodwa kusadingeka ukuthi amaqhwa amaqabunga angakaqali, angalimaza kuphela amagilebhisi atshalwe. Ngokuvamile, ama-frosts azayo awukuphela kwengozi yokutshala amagilebhisi ekuwa, nakuba kungenjalo kunezinzuzo eziningi:
• Ekwindla kulula kakhulu ukuthola imbewu efanele kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yamagilebhisi ahlukahlukene.
• Uma utshalwa ekwindla, imbewu yamagilebhisi imane igcinwe emhlabathini, futhi ikuvumela ukuba uqale ukukhula entwasahlobo ngokushesha kakhulu.
• Ngaleso sikhathi sonyaka, umhlabathi ukhululekile kakhulu kunomthombo we-spring, osusa inkinga enjalo njengesidingo sembewu yokuphuza njalo njalo.
Ukukhetha indawo enhle yokutshala amagilebhisi "Sofia"
I-Sophia yamagilebhisi aphezulu kakhulu e-thermophilic. Ngisho nokushisa okukhulu kwelanga nokushisa okuphezulu, akulimazi, ngaphandle kokuthi amajikijolo angashisa kancane uma engahlanganiswa namaqabunga. Ngakho, ngokutshala lokhu okuhlukahlukene, kufanele ukhethe indawo ekhanyisiweokuyinto engeke ifakwe izakhiwo nezinye izitshalo zensimu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuvuna, amagilebhisi aphikisana nemimoya ebandayo, engayifaka ngokuphelele umbala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukuthi amagilebhisi asitshalwe eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yendlu noma esinye isakhiwo esizosivikela njengesihlangu.
Kubalulekile futhi ukukhetha inhlabathi enhle yokutshala. Nakuba amagilebhisi akuyona isitshalo esikhethekile kakhulu, yilokho kanye okuzokwenza ukuthi kutholakale amandla okukhula ehlathini kanye nemiphumela ye-fruiting yayo. Ngakho, ngisho noma inhlabathi ingavuthi ikakhulukazi, ingaba "yabuyiselwa":
• Engeza inani elikhulu lomanyolo.
• Umhlabathi wokugaya ungahlanjululwa ngesanti, nesihlabathi ngokuphambene, ngobumba.
• Yakha izinhlelo zamanzi emhlabathini lapho amanzi eseduze kakhulu.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi isihlahla esikhula ngamandla sizodinga isikhala esiningi, esithatha amahlumela akhe ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, uma utshala izihlahla eziningana udinga ukuhamba okungenani ngamamitha angu-3-4, kodwa okungcono kakhulu kungu-6.
Okudingayo ukwazi ngenqubo yokutshala amagilebhisi ngosizo lwezithombo: imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isitsha ngendlela efanele bese ulungisa umgodi. Isithombo semvini enempilo kufanele sibe nesimiso esihle semisipha emhlophe kanye nokusika okuhlaza. Ngaphambi kokutshala libhapathizwa emanzini ukuze liqoqe inani elanele lokuswakama.
Ukulungiselela umgodi i-robot enomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu. Kumele kwenziwe okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokufika. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma isithombo singcwatshwa, intamo yaso impande kumele ihlale ingaphezu kwenhlabathi. Uma uhlwanyela emgodini omusha, inhlabathi kuyo ekugcineni iyohlala, futhi ikhola yempande ingase ibe ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, udinga ukunikeza isikhathi somhlabathi ukuxazulula.
• Senza ukujula komgodi okungenani amamitha angu-0.8 bese ubeka phansi phansi ingxube yenhlabathi evundile kahle kanye namabhakede amabili ama-humus. Kusukela ngenhla umanyolo ugcwele inhlabathi elula ezingeni, kanti kukhona isikhala esanele sokutshala isithombo. Umgodi ushiywe okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokufika.
• Isivuno sifakwa emgodini olungiselelwe futhi kancane kancane igcwaliswe ngokucophelela. Ngesigamu senqubo, ibhakede lamanzi liyathululelwa emgodini, okuzohlanganiswa nenhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgodi ungcwatshwe ngokuphelele.
• Ukusikwa emva kokutshala emva kokutshala okuningi. Umhlabathi owuzungezayo ugcwele umquba.
Izici ukuhlanganiswa kwamagilebhisi "Sofia" esitokisini
Ukuze umgomo uphumelele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa kahle ama-cuttings kanye nesitoko ngokwayo. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-cuttings kudingeka alungiselele ekwindla. Ngaphambi kokuxhunyelelwa, ingxenye yabo ephansi inqunywe kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili, okwenza umkhawulo. Emva kwalokho, ukusika kufakwa emanzini. Ingxenyeni engenhla ye-cutting is waxoshwa, okuzokwenza kube lula impilo yokusika kuze kutholakale ngempumelelo. Ukulungiswa kwe-stock kuhlanganisa okulandelayo:
• Susa ngokuqinile ukuhlambalaza. Udinga ukuhamba kuphela ukuphakama kwesitembu ngamamentimitha angu-10.
• Ubuso obunqanyuliwe bubusisiwe. Kususa konke ukungcola.
• Ngempela phakathi kwahlukaniswa ukuhlukaniswa.
Sibeka ukusika kwethu ngokuhlukanisa, sijulise ingxenye eyodwa kuphela. Lokhu kugonywa kudinga ukuphoqa ngokuqinile, ukudonsa isitokisi ngendophi noma indwangu eqinile. Kunconywa ukuba smear isayithi lokugoma ngodaka olumanzi, oluzogcina umswakama. Isitokisi siphuziswa futhi umhlabathi ugcwele umquba.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamagilebhisi we-girlish
Okudingayo ukwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi "Sofia": ngokufishane ngezici eziyinhloko
• Amagilebhisi adinga umswakama okuningi. Ngesizatfu, ngaphambi kokusakazela futhi emva kokuqedwa kwalolu hlelo, isihlahla kufanele siphuze. Ungakhohlwa ngamagilebhisi ngesikhathi somiso.
• Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ihlanganiswe nohlaka lwesentimitha esingama 3 cm. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-sawdust evele idakiwe, i-moss noma i-humus.
• Yondla njalo amagilebhisi. Udinga ikakhulukazi umquba ngesikhathi se-fruiting. Umquba we-Phosphorus-potassium, kanye nokwethulwa kwe-humus yokumba, kunomthelela omuhle kulo masiko. Ungenza futhi i-nitrogen, kodwa awukwazi ukuyiqeda ngobuningi bayo.
• Amagilebhisi adinga ukusika izihlahla njalo. Njalo ekwindla, noma ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, udinga ukusinciphisa ihlumela ngalinye okungenani ama-4-6. Ukuma kwesihlahla kungcono ukushiya umngani.
• Ebusika, amagilebhisi kufanele ahlanganiswe. Izihlahla ezincane zingamane zilele ngesihlabathi, zifakwe ngaphambi kwazo i-baklazhka ngaphandle kwesisekelo. Ngaphezulu kwemiklamo yefilimu.
• Ukufafaza kwe-prophylactic yesihlahla ngaphambi kokusila futhi ngemuva kokusiza ukulwa nezifo. Amalungiselelo "Antracol" noma "Bordeaux liquid" asetshenziswa.
