Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane "I-Ramona" ingenye yezinhlobo ezihlolwe isikhathi esenziwe kahle zeDutch.
Ethunyelwa eRussia ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-90 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abalimi kanye nabalimi bamazambane abathandekayo babethanda ukunambitheka, ukulondolozwa okuhle kakhulu nokubonakala kahle kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Kulesi sihloko siqoqe lonke ulwazi mayelana nalezi zambatho - incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezici zayo, ikakhulukazi i-agrotechnics, ukuthambekela kwezifo nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane.
Ulwazi jikelele
Izinhlobo ezisunguli "Ramona" ("Romano") Inkampani yenkampani yaseDutch AGRICO.
Ngo-1994, ezihlukahlukene "Ramona" zamukelwe ikhodi №9552996 kwiRejista Yombuso ye-Russian Federationenikeza ilungelo lokuthengisa imbewu ezweni. Kunconyelwe ukulima ku Central, Volga-Vyatka, izifunda eziseningizimu, esifundeni seVir, eMpumalanga Ekude.
Amazambane "Ramona": incazelo yezinto ezihlukahlukene, isithombe
"Ramona" ephakathi nonyaka ehlukahlukene. Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ebalulekile emakethe ngokusebenzisa Izinsuku ezingu-80-100 ngemuva kokufika. Izintambo eziqhamukayo zenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-115-130.
Imigomo yokuvuthwa incike emgangeni wezinto zokutshala, izimo zezulu zendawo etshalwayo.
Isihlahla sakha, sihamba futhi side. Yakha ngokushesha. Ubumnene buphakeme. Izitshalo zide kakhulu. Izimbali zibomvu noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Corolla obomvu-obomvu, obukhulu obuphakathi.
Ama-tuberty pink ekhanyayo afomu ifomu le-oval elungile, ubukhulu obukhulu nobuphakathi. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-tuber ngu-70-90 g. Isihlahla esisodwa siletha amazambane angu-16-20, nesisindo esiphezulu se-7-8 kg. Ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo kuvuna 90-94%.
I-dense, ikhasi eliqinile lombala obomvu obomvu. Ngesilinganiso esincane semvula, iba umthunzi obala. Amehlo abhapathizwa emzimbeni we-tuber ekujuleni okulinganiselwe. Amehlo amancane. Inyama imhlophe nge-tinge enobucwebe, ukuthungwa okunamandla.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane "Ramona" zimelwe kulezi zithombe:
Izimo zezomnotho
Izici ezijwayelekile zokuhlukahluka kwamazambane "Ramona":
- Izintandokazi izinhlobo zamazambane "i-Ramona" itafula. Ehlukahlukene ngokupheka. Inyama iyangena, ingabi mnyama ngemuva kokubhaka, ukubilisa, ukugcoba. Ukuhlolwa kokunambitheka kwiRegistry kungama-4.6-4.7 amaphuzu ezingeni eliyisihlanu.
- Okuqukethwe okomile kuphezulu ku-16-18%.
- Okuqukethwe ezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane "i-Romana" isitashi sidlula isimiso - 14-17%.
- Izinga eliphezulu lokugcina ikhwalithi. Isikhathi eside asihlwanyeli ngesikhathi sokugcina. Amafomu 6-8 amahlumela.
- Ukumelana nomonakalo ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, ukuthutha, isitoreji.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi nokushisa kwesitoreji samazambane, mayelana nezinkinga ezivela. Futhi mayelana nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izimpande ebusika, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani esitolo semifino, efulethini nasesigodini, emabhokisini nasemabhokisini, esiqandisini futhi ehlutshiwe.
Inani nokungalungi
Uhluke ekugqokeni okuhle kakhulu kwezohwebo, izithelo ezifanayo. Ukungahambisani nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi. Ibekezelela isomiso. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ezihlukahlukene "Ramona" ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo kabili. Kufanelekile ukulungiswa kwemikhiqizo esiphelile, ama-chips, amafries aseFrance.
Izinkinga zibandakanya ukubunjwa kokuqala kokubambisana kwezilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo emakethe emakethe.
Izifo nezinambuzane
- Ihlukumeza i-nematode ye-mbatata yegolide.
- Ukungavikeleki kumdlavuza wezambane.
- Ukumelana kakhulu negciwane A, ukuguqulwa kwamahlamvu.
- Ukuphikisana ne-Yn virus.
- Ukuphikiswa okuphakathi kwe phytophthora yezilimo eziyizigaxa, i-fusarium.
- Ukwelashwa okunamandla kweqabunga le-curl, u-scab ovamile.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuphazamisa amazambane, i-Alternaria, i-verticillary wilt.
Amazambane aphikisana ne-Colorado amazambane beetle kanye nezibungu zalo, ayidingi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuvikela ngokumelene nazo.
Izici agrotehnika
Njengamanye amazwe aseDutch, ukujwayela ukuwohlokaNgakho-ke, impahla yezinhlamvu ivuselelwa njalo.
Njengoba ukuvuselelwa okuzimele kwesitokisi sokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, babona isitshalo esinamandla kunazo zonke, esinezimbali eziningi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa ezingxenyeni ezingama-35-55 mm zokutshala ngehektare ngalinye kungama-50,000 amayunithi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izilimo eziyizigaxa zihluma, isakaza endaweni efudumele ebomvu amaviki angu-3-4. Zonke izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zihambisane namahora angu-8 ngosuku. Izindlu zangaphakathi zigcina umswakama omuhle we-85-90%.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu zihlukaniswa ngommese obukhali ophethwe yisisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate ngosuku ngaphambi kokutshala. Izinto zokutshala zikhethiwe ngamahlumela 0.5-1 cm.
Ukutshala kwenziwa enhlabathini efudumele kuze kufike ku- + 15-20 ° С ngaphansi kwesimiso se-60x35 cm. Ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa kufakwe amahlumela phezulu, tincetu - ukusika.
Uma uhlakulela ukubuka ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, kukhula ukwanda emva kokusanhlamvu okuqhubekayo nonyaka, okusanhlamvu, izitshalo, izitshalo zasebusika, i-flax, i-colza, i-phacelia, nokudlwengula.
Ukuze uthuthukise izakhiwo ze-agrophysical zehlabathi ezisindayo, ubumba obumbeni ekwindla ukufaka isihlabathi somfula, umuthi wokhuni. Lapho ukumba kabusha kwentwasahlobo kunomthelela i-ammonium nitrate noma i-ammonium nitrate, urea (10 g / m²).
Ngokutholakala okusheshayo kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba uRamon kungcono ukutshala emgqeni. Lokhu kuzokwandisa ukufinyelela kwe-oksijeni ohlelweni lwempande, kunciphise ukunqotshwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngezifo ezifayo.
I-Agronomists batusa ukuqondisa imigwaqo yokufika esuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. Ngakho amazambane athola ukukhanya kwelanga.
Emhlabathini owunzima, izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe emigodini eyi-6-8 cm ejulile. Ukujula kokungena emhlabathini onesihlabathi, onesihlabathi kuyinto eyi-8-10 cm. Ukuvimbela ukomiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezindaweni ezinokunyuka kwezulu kwesimo sezulu kuze kube ngu-12-15 cm
"Ramona" ivame ukuthinteka yi-nematode yamazambane. Ukuze kuvikelwe izifo nokuvikelwa kwezimpungushe ze-wireworm, i-cockchafer, abalimi bamazambane abanolwazi batusa ukubeka i-garlic encane, i-anyanisi ikhasi ngalinye.
Kuphela isikhathi sokukhula uRamone kuze kufike ku-5 ukukhishwa okudingekayo. Uma kukhishwa umhlabathi, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela, inhlabathi ihlekisiwe ngokucophelela. Spud izikhathi ezingu-2-3 phezu kwehlobo - ngesandla noma ngosizo lwe-tractor ngemuva.
Izinhlobo zamazambane "Ramona" ibeka izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nomswakama ophansi wenhlabathi. Esikhathini sesomiso, ukuchelela isikhathi esisodwa phakathi kwemigqa kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10 kwanele. Ukunciphisa umzimba kuzosiza ukuvikela ukutshala ukhula.
Ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo phakathi nezimbali, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezivuthiwe izitshalo ezisekelwa nge-nitrogenous or organic supplements. Lapho uhlunga izihlahla ngenkathi uhlanganisa amaqabunga ngamakhemikhali angu-0.05% we-copper sulfate, i-zinc sulfuric acid, i-boric acid, isivuno sanda ngo-8-10%.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani amazambane, yiziphi izithombo zomquba ezingcono, nini nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ngokufanele uma utshala.
Funda izihloko eziwusizo nezithakazelisayo ngezindlela ezahlukene kakhulu zamazambane ezikhulayo: ubuchwepheshe beDutch nokunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, ukuthi ungathola kanjani isivuno esihle ngaphandle kokusilahla nokukhuphuka. Kanti futhi umehluko phakathi kwezindlela ezinjalo: ngaphansi komshini, emibhawulweni, emasakeni, ebhokisini.
Naphezu kokuvunwa okuvamile, "uRamona" wabanjwa emasimini asekhaya ngenxa yokungathobeki, ukubekezela kwesomiso, ukumelana nezifo ezinhle kanye ne-Colorado mbatata beetle, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yini i-solanine eyingozi kumazambane, yiziphi amazwe ezikhula kakhulu kulezi zitshalo nokuthi zingayenza kanjani le nqubo ibe ibhizinisi elinenzuzo? Funda ngakho ezihlokweni zethu.
