Ukukhula kwe-Atria iklabishi F1: izimfihlo zokuhluma kahle

Abalimi abamemezeli bayaqaphela ukwandisa iklabishi, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi le nqubo idinga amakhono akhethekile.

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, kwakunjalo, kodwa njalo ngonyaka izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zibonakala zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane kakhulu futhi ziphikisana kakhulu nemiphumela yezifo nezinambuzane. I-Atriya iklabishi ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo.

Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi ungatshala kanjani futhi ukhule lolu hlobo lweklabishi ngendlela efanele, nokuthi ungasindisa kanjani isivuno esiphumelele.

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Iklabishi ibhekene nokukhuthazela okukhulu, isethulo esihle kakhulu nokuphepha kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Inhloko iklabishi inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunalokho ibe mnandi. Ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe kukhona isikhwama esincane esikhuphukile.

Isisindo esiphezulu sekhanda sihluka kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-8 kg. Amaqabunga awo asayizi obukhulu, obubanzi. Kuzo cishe kungabikho ukugcoba, ukuvuna, akukho mingcele engakahlelwa.

Umlando we

I-Atria F1 iklabishi ehlukahlukene yohbridi yasungulwa ngabalimi baseDutch. Futhi ngo-1994, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazifakwe kwirejista yombuso weRussian Federation.

Uyini umehluko kwezinye izinhlobo?

Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zeklabishi, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-"Atria" zihlukaniswa izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza nokulula ekunakekeleni. Njengoba isitoreji sesikhathi eside, izinhlobonhlobo ziba yimpumelelo, yingakho iklabishi inambitheka kuphela.

Futhi Isici esiyingqayizivele ukukhula okusheshayo nokuhlanganiswa kwesitshalo., futhi ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuzalanisa, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zaphenduka ukumelana nezifo ezifana ne-fusarium ne-gray mold.

Izinzuzo nezingozi ze-F1 hybrid

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyakwazi ukuheha izakhamuzi zasehlobo ezijwayelekile kanye nabalimi abasebenza ngokuzikhandla ekutshaleni imifino ukudayiswa.

Futhi konke ngoba unolwazi oluhle kakhulu lwezinzuzo:

• Ama-cabbages avuthiwe aphikisana kakhulu nokuqhekeka;
• ukutholakala okuphansi kwesifo;
• izithelo eziphakeme;
• ukunambitheka okuhle;
• ukuvuthwa okuhambisanayo kwembewu etshalwe ngesikhathi esifanayo;
• ukuphakama kwezinga eliphezulu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe.

Kodwa kunezinselele eziningana:

• isidingo esikhulu sokunisela;
• emva kokuphuza, isitshalo sidinga ukukhuphuka futhi sikhulule inhlabathi;
• yokutshala imbewu, indawo evulekile neyodwa engabhalwanga iyadingeka.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokunakekelwa nokufika

Izinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi "I-Atria" ikhulile ngezindlela ezimbili: ukutshala izithombo eziphelile nokuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo emibhedeni. Indlela yokuqala isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, kanti eyesibili - eningizimu.

Ukuze uthole inqwaba yezinhlobo zezitshalo zeklabishi "Atria", udinga ukunaka okulandelayo:

1. Ukuthenga imbewu. Imbewu ingahle ilayishwe kalula ezitolo eziningi ze-intanethi ngokuqondile ukulethwa kwekhaya, ezimweni ezinjalo, izindleko zezimbewu eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.5 zizovela kumaruble angu-1 500; Izinhlamvu ezingu-20 zizobiza cishe ama-ruble angu-25. Emadolobheni amakhulu, imbewu ingathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile kanye nezimakethe zamafama.
2. Isikhathi sokufika. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuhlwanyela imbewu ngo-Ephreli. Kusukela ngoMeyi 10 kuya kuMeyi 20, lapho inhlabathi isivele igukele ngokwanele, ukutshala kwenzeka esakhiweni. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuqala le nqubo, imbewu kufanele ilandelwe izinqubo eziningana: ukuqina nokuhlola ukuhluma.
3. Ukukhetha indawo yokufika. Ngokutshala iklabishi izinhlobo "Atrii" izindawo ezifanele kakhulu futhi evulekile, ngenhlabathi eluhlaza futhi evundile. Uma isimo sezulu sesibanda, iklabishi isanda kakhulu ukutshala endaweni yokushisa.
4. Umhlaba. Ngenxa yokuthi i-hybrid isebenzisa inamba enkulu yamaminerali ahlukene kanye nezinye izakhi, umhlabathi kufanele ukhule futhi ukhule kahle. Inketho ekahle yi-chernozem.
5. Ukufika. Izitshalo zokutshala ezinamandla - kuyisihluthulelo sokuvunwa okuhle, yingakho, lapho utshala iklabishi, udinga ukulandela imithetho ethile. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kumele lilinganiselwa ku-60 cm, kanti izinkathi eziphakathi kwezithombo zisuka ku-30 ​​kuya kwezingu-35 cm. Kungcono ukutshala esimweni sezulu esibhakabhakeni noma emva kwamahora angu-15 uma isimo sezulu sesishisa. Izithombo kufanele zijule kumashidi ezansi. Ezinsukwini zakudala, lesi sitshalo kufanele sihlanganiswe kusukela elangeni ukuze singashiswa. Phakathi nesonto, izithombo kudingeka zifakwe ngamanzi izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu ngosuku.
6. Ukushisa. Ukushisa okungenani okuncane kweklabishi kungama-degree angu-7. Ukushisa okukhulu kunama-degrees angu-20. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kokukhula kwezinga elibonakalayo kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-18 degrees.
7. Ukunisela. Ekuqaleni, iklabishi yokuchelela yenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3, amalitha ayisishiyagalombili amanzi ngamanzi angu-1. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-14, inani lamanzi lamanzi liyancipha libe li-1 ngesonto, ngenkathi lidla amalitha ayisishiyagalolunye nambili ngehora elilodwa. Ukushisa kwamanzi akufanele kube ngezansi + 18 ° С. Ukunakwa okukhulu kunakho konke okumele kukhokhwe ku-Agasti, lapho kukhishwa ikhanda.
8. Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngokuphelele, izinhlobo eziphezulu zokugqoka iklabishi "i-Atria" zenziwa izikhathi ezine.
   • Izinsuku ezingu-20 emva kokufika. Izipuni ezimbili ze-"Effecta" ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi (0.5 amalitha esisombululo nge-sapling ngayinye).
   • Izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kwesicelo sokuqala. I-isipuni esisodwa se "Kemira" ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi (ilitha elilodwa lekhambi nge-sapling eyodwa).
   • Ngo-Juni. 20 g we-potassium sulfate kanye no-18 g we-superphosphate ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi (ama-5-6 amalitha yesisombululo ngehora elilodwa le-1mg).
   • Ngo-Agasti, amaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna. 15 g we- "Nitrophoska" ngamanzi angu-10 l (5-6 l wekhambi ngalinye nge-1 m²).

   Ukuze ungashise izimpande zesitshalo, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenzeke ngemuva kokuchelela, emhlabathini omanzi.

9. Ezinye izinyathelo zokunakekela imifino. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-21 ngemuva kokutshala iklabishi embhedeni, udinga ukubamba iqhwa lokuqala, ngemva kwamasonto amabili, inqubo iphindwe. Ukhula lususwa futhi inhlabathi ikhululiwe ngaphambi nangemva kokunisela. Ukukhishwa njalo kwenhlabathi kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe izimpande, le nqubo ikwandisa umoya owenzela isitshalo.
10. Ukuvuna. Kuqhutshwa ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Uma iklabishi inqunywa, sebenzisa ummese obukhali. Ukusika ikhanda, shiya cishe u-5 cm wezithelo zezithelo bese usula ngokushesha amaqabunga aphansi. Emva kokuvuna, izinhloko zeklabishi azihlanganiswa emhlabathini, kodwa zifakwe kwifilimu elungiselelwe zona. Endabeni yokumba izimpande zeklabishi zisuswa emhlabathini, futhi zisuse amaqabunga aphansi. Izinhloko zenziwa ukuze zome izimpande zome.

Gcina isitoreji

Kungcono ukugcina imifino engaphansi, emiphongolweni noma nanoma iyiphi enye igumbi elipholile nelomnyama. Indlela enhle kunazo zonke yokugcina ukukhipha iklabishi kusuka empandeni ehlanjululwe ngaphambili.. Ukushisa lokugcina isitoreji kungaba ngu-4 degrees.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Mhlawumbe izinambuzane ezivame ukwedlula iklabishi kuleli klasi ziyi-slugs. Lezi zinambuzane zithandwa umhlabathi onomswakama futhi opholile, okufanelekile ukukhiqizwa kwawo. Ngokuvimbela ukulwa nama-slugs, umlotha ufanelekile, okungukuthi, ngaphezu kwalokhu, futhi kukhona ukudla okutshala. It isetshenziswa kanye ngesonto emva imvula noma ukuchelela, lapho amaqabunga namanje ezimanzi. Uma kukhona izinkukhu noma amadada endaweni, bazokwenza umsebenzi wabo kahle futhi basize ukuqeda izinambuzane.

Phakathi kwezinambuzane, inkathazo enkulu yiklabishi i-aphid.odla ngesitshalo sesitshalo. Njengoba engathandi ukumunuka, ungatshala igalikhi eceleni kweklabishi ngokuvimbela. Ukuze ubhubhise ama-aphid sebenzisa i- "Spark".

Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene

Futhi, ekugcineni, ukuze uzivikele ezenzakalweni zezinkinga ngenkathi kutshalwa i-Atriya iklabishi, ezinye izinto kufanele zicatshangelwe:

• kubalulekile ukuhlola imibhede ngokuba khona kwezinambuzane noma izifo;
• Iklabishi etshalwe imbewu idinga ukunakekelwa okunakekelwa okunye;
• naphezu kokuphikiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezifo ezithile, kubalulekile ukuphatha kabili inkathi ukuze kuvikelwe;
• Kunconywa ukususa izinsalela zezitshalo ezisemhlabathini.

Ngokutshala lokhu okuhlukahlukene ngisho nasendaweni encane, ngokunakekelwa kahle, ungafinyelela isivuno esihle futhi unikeze umndeni wakho ukunikezwa kwamavithamini ebusika lonke. Izinhlobonhlobo ziye zafaneleka ukunakekelwa, kokubili phakathi kwabalimi be-novice naphakathi kwabalimi abaqeqeshiwe. Emva kwakho konke ukulima izinhlobo zeklabishi "i-Atria" akudingi isikhathi esiningi nemizamo.