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Ama-raspberries: indlela yokukhulisa i-berry yakho oyithandayo yeRussia

Okusajingijolo ukhula cishe kuyo yonke indawo, kepha akubona bonke abalimi abakwaziyo ukuthola okuningi ngakho. Imvamisa, imbangela yenani elincane lamajikijolo ngamaphutha kubuchwepheshe bezolimo. Sifunda ukuthi singazigwema kanjani futhi sikhulise amandla alesi siko esihlokweni.

Umlando wokutshala okusajingijolo

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu babesebenzisa ama-raspberry njengendlela yokwelapha enempilo. Imbewu yayo yatholwa abavubukuli ngesikhathi kuvubukulwa izindawo zokuhlala zeBronze ne-Stone Ages. Uthando lwamaGrikhi namaRoma asendulo ngalesi sitshalo nalo luyabhalwa. Bakhethe amajikijolo hhayi nje kuphela ngokudla, kepha futhi nokwelashwa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ama-raspberries nawo ayedumile ezizweni zamaSlavic: ubufakazi balokhu ukubhekisela okuningi emisebenzini yobuciko bomlomo wesintu.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babekhetha ama-raspberries hhayi nje kuphela ngokudla, kodwa futhi nokwelashwa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene

Ukuphawulwa kokuqala okubhaliwe kwama-raspberries njengesitshalo sesitshalo sengadi kusukela ngekhulu le-4. Kodwa-ke, le nkambiso yanda kuphela ngekhulu le-16, lapho izindela zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu zaqala ukuyilawula. Batshala amahlahla ehlathi emasimini abo, babanakekela futhi bakhetha amafomu amahle kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, izincazelo ezibhaliwe zezinhlobonhlobo zalesi siko ezinamajikijolo amhlophe nabomvu zazivele zivele, kwathi ngonyaka we-1826 kwashicilelwa ikhathalogi enezinhlobo ezingama-26 eLondon.

Ensimini yaseRussia, ama-raspberries amahlathi atshalwe ezingadini ngisho nangaphansi kweYuri Dolgoruky, kodwa izinhlobo zawo zokuqala zamasiko zavela lapha kuphela ngekhulu le-17. Izindela ezingama-monasteries nezigaba zaba ngokushesha zaba izikhungo ezaziwayo ze-malinovodstvo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi zazo azivuni nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zenza nomsebenzi wokuzalela. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1860 inani lezinhlobo ezitshaliwe lenyuka laya ku-150.

Namuhla, ama-raspberry atshalwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Itshalwa emapulazini amakhulu nasezivandeni ezincane ezizimele. Abaholi abahlonishwayo ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni yilezi:

  • IRussia (amathani ayinkulungwane ezingama-210 amajikijolo ngonyaka);
  • ISerbia (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-90 amajikijolo ngonyaka);
  • I-USA (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-62 amajikijolo ngonyaka);
  • EPoland (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-38 amajikijolo ngonyaka).

Ukukhetha ama-raspberry akuyeki. Namuhla kunenqwaba yezinhlobo zalesi siko. Phakathi kwazo, ungathola izitshalo ezinombala obomvu, ophuzi namnyama wezithelo zezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa, kufaka phakathi lezo ezinokulungiswa kohlobo lwezihlahla.

Izigaba eziphambili ze-raspberries ezikhulayo

Ukukhula okusajingijolo kuqala ngokukhetha kokutshala impahla. Izitshalo ezisencane kufanele zibe nohlelo lwempande oluthuthukisiwe, ngaphandle kokuqhuma noma izigaxa kanye neziqu ezingamamitha ayi-8-12 mm. Kungcono ukuzithenga ezitolo ezinkulu ezikhethekile noma enkulisa engadi - lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukuxhunyeleliswa, abathengisi bavame ukona ezimakethe ezincane noma kumafishi.

Ezinkulisa ezinkulu, izithombo zomdwebo zigcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ebusika ebusika

Ngemuva kokuthenga izithombo kumlimi, kuqala impilo entsha ejabulisayo. Vele unamathela emaphepheni emhlabathini bese ukhohlwa ngakho ngaphambi kokuthi izithelo zingasebenzi. Ukuze uthole isivuno esiningi, umlimi omusha we-raspberry omusha kufanele alandele imithetho eyisisekelo yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo.

Ukufakelwa

Ukufakwa endaweni ehlala njalo kungenye yezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu zokutshala i-raspberry. Amaphutha enziwe ngalesi sikhathi ngokuqinisekile azothinta ikhwalithi nenani lesitshalo, futhi kwezinye izimo kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Amajikijolo angatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokumisa amazinga okushisa amahle, noma ekwindla - okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kwamakhaza. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe ukutshala kwentwasahlobo, futhi eningizimu efudumele, ekwindla nakho kuyamukeleka.

Ukukhetha kwesihlalo

Okusajingijolo kukhetha ukukhanyiswa kahle, kuvikelwe ezindaweni zomoya. Imvamisa, itshalwa ngocingo noma odongeni lwezakhiwo, kepha ukunakekelwa kumele kuthathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azifihli izitshalo.. Kulokhu, amasimu abekwa kude okungenani amamitha ama-3 ukusuka ezakhiweni.

Uma kuhlelwa ukutshala ama-raspberries eduze kocingo olusuka ebhodini eligxiliwe, ibanga kulo kufanele okungenani libe ngu-3 m

Ukwakheka kwama-raspberries wenhlabathi akufuneki ikakhulukazi. Iveza izithelo kahle ku-loamy, loam sandy, chernozemic noma enye inhlabathi enokusabela okuncane okune-asidi noma okungathathi hlangothi. Izindawo kuphela ezinamazinga aphezulu wamanzi omhlaba kanye nenhlabathi yobumba eminyene kakhulu, evumela ukuqina komswakama, ezingeke zilingane.

Omakhelwane abalungile nababi bama-raspberries

Lapho ukhetha indawo yokukhulisa ama-raspberries, kufanele unake omakhelwane abaseduze. Ungasitshale eduze kwama-sitrobheli noma ama-sitrobheli, ngoba lezi zilimo zinezifo ezijwayelekile futhi zithinteka yizilokazane ezifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpande zama-raspberries kanye nama-sitrobheli zitholakala ekujuleni okufanayo, yingakho ama-bush eba abaqhudelani ekudonselweni kwezakhi zomzimba.

Okusajingijolo kuthinteka kabi ngenxa yokusondela kwaso eduze kwama-cherries, ama-currant kanye ne-sea buckthorn. Ngenxa yalezi zitshalo, eziqeda inhlabathi, zingantula izakhi zomzimba, ezizothinta impela inani nekhwalithi yamajikijolo.

Amajikijolo asabela kahle ngokutshala eduze kwama-apula, i-honeysuckle, amapharele, iplamu nama-barberry, kanye nezitshalo ezinjengegalikhi, ama-marigolds, iparsley, i-basil, i-chamomile ne-calendula zivikela ngisho i-raspberry ekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane. I-dill, eheha izinambuzane ezivunguza impova, ingakhuphula kakhulu umkhiqizo we-raspberry. Emngceleni we-raspberry, abalimi abanolwazi bavame ukutshala i-sorrel, ngoba iyakwazi ukukhawulela ukusakazeka kwamahlumela endaweni.

Abalimi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ugarlic uvikela ama-raspberries ekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane.

Abantu abaningi bakhathazekile nge-raspberries "ebalekayo" ... Ngonyaka odlule, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngeseluleko sabajwayele abavela eCzech Republic, umlili wahlwanyela imigqa emibili yesilaza eceleni kweripper - kulo nyaka kuphela "abaphunyile" ngaphesheya komngcele)), kodwa akukho ndawo yokubeka khona lo sorrel.

Ella7 //forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=6905&page=6

Akufanele ibekwe ama-raspberry ezindaweni ebezihlala phambilini ngabamele bohlobo lwe-nightshade. Phakathi kokutshala lezi izilimo kumele zidlule okungenani iminyaka emi-2. Izimbangela ezinhle kakhulu zokwenza raspberries ziyizimuzimu nezinhlamvu..

Kungcono ukutshala ama-raspberries ezindaweni ezivulekile lapho kungenzeka khona ukusondela kuwo uvela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Lokhu kulula lapho umnakekela, nalapho ukhetha amajikijolo.

Svetlana K //club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1218

Imininingwane yokutshala ama-raspberries

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokutshala ama-raspberries: isihlahla nomsele.

Indlela yesihlahla iqukethe ukutshala isitshalo ngasinye emgodini ohlukile kude kwe-1-1,5 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ilungele ukukhula kwezinhlobo ezinde ngomqhele onamandla, obanzi. Ukuze utshale ama-raspberries ngendlela yesihlahla, kuyadingeka ukwenza lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

  1. Bamba umgodi ongu-50 × 50 cm ngosayizi bese ugcwalisa ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi evundile, ibhakede le-humus, 3540 g le-superphosphate ne-20-25 g kasawoti we-potassium.

    Ngokutshala ama-raspberries, imigodi engu-50 × 50 cm ngosayizi yanele

  2. Faka isithombo enkabeni yomgodi. Sakaza ngokucophelela izimpande zayo bese uyimboza ngomhlaba, ubheke ukusatshalaliswa kwayo. Iphuzu lokukhula kufanele lihlale lingaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba.

    Izithombo ezijikijelwe azikwazi ukungcwatshwa

  3. Qondanisa ngokucophelela inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla esizayo.

    Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa komhlaba, umuntu akakwazi ukucindezela kanzima ezimpandeni zesithombo sokukhula okusajingijolo

  4. Thela raspberries kakhulu bese mulch isiyingi isiqu nge humus, sawdust noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo.

    I-mulch izovimba ukomiswa kwenhlabathi ezungeze izithombo raspberry

Indlela yomsele yokutshala ama-raspberries ithathwa njengethatha isikhathi esithe xaxa. Noma kunjalo, ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine isikhala esizeni futhi uthole amajikijolo amaningi ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwezakhi phakathi kwezihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-raspberry atshalwe ngale ndlela aboshwe kalula kwi-trellis.

Indlela yomsele ivame ukusetshenziswa emapulazini amakhulu akhula ama-raspberries ngesilinganiso sezimboni.

Amajikijolo atshalwe emiseleni ngezigaba eziningana:

  1. Bamba inani elidingekayo lemisele ngokujula okungaba ngu-50 cm nobubanzi obufanayo ebangeni okungenani le-1,2 m ukusuka komunye nomunye.

    Ukuze wenze umsele ngisho, sebenzisa intambo eseluliwe

  2. Isendlalelo sezinto ezilukhuni (amagatsha amahlahla noma izihlahla, amaqabunga, amakhadibhodi, amabhodi, njll.) Obukhulu obungama-10cm cm sibekwa phansi kwemisele, okuthi, ukubola kancane kancane, kuzokondla isihlahla se-raspberry. Ukwenza ngcono ukubola, izinsalela zezitshalo zifafazwa ngomhlaba futhi ziniselwe ngamanzi afudumele.

    Lapho utshala ama-raspberries, zingxenye zezitshalo ezinempilo kuphela ezingasetshenziswa njengobumba bezinto eziphilayo

  3. Imisele igcwele ingxube yomhlaba ovundile kanye nomanyolo wezimbiwa. Ubukhulu bengqimba yenhlabathi bubalelwa ku-10 cm.

    Umanyolo wamaminerali kumele ungezwe enhlabathini okuhloselwe ukutshala ama-raspberry

  4. Izithombo ze-raspberry zibekwa maphakathi nemisele ngemikhawulo engama-40-50 cm bese zifafazwa nomhlaba, zibambe izitshalo ngokucophelela.

    Izithombo ze-raspberry emseleni akufanele zibekwe eduze kakhulu

  5. Phonsa inhlabathi, uthele amanzi kahle futhi ngohlaka lwe-mulch.

    Sawdust ingasetshenziswa njenge-mulch ngaphansi kwezithombo raspberry

Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela yokutshala ekhethiwe, indawo ye-raspberry kufanele ikhawulelwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amashidi ensimbi, isaladi noma okunye okuqinile kufakwa azungeze indawo yawo. Ukwehluleka ukuthobela lo mthetho kungaholela ekuhlumeni okungalawulwa kwama-raspberry kanye nokuvela kokugcwala kwawo ezindaweni ezingafanele kakhulu.

Ungatshala ama-raspberries emigodini noma emiseleni, kepha nginqabe kudala ukuwela emigodini. Ngikhethe ukutshala imisele, yize lokhu kuthatha isikhathi esithe xaxa, kepha yonke indawo lapho kutshalwa khona ama-raspberry inikezwa ngokulinganayo nezakhi ezidingekayo, ezithinta isivuno ngokufanele.

UNedyalkov Stefan Fedorovich Iphephandaba laseKhaya uNombolo 5, Mashi 2007

Ukunisela nokufaka umquba

I-raspberry yisitshalo esivumela isomiso impela, kepha uma singekho umswakama, isivuno saso sincishiswa kakhulu, futhi ngokushoda okukhulu, izihlahla ziba buthaka futhi ekugcineni zingafa. Izitshalo ezincane ezinesistimu yezimpande engakhuli kahle zidinga kakhulu amanzi. Emnyakeni wokuqala emva kokutshala, ziniselwa njalo, ziwugcina umswakama njalo.

Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukunisela raspberries ezincane njalo

Ukuchelela okungu-5-7 ngesizini kunele ezitshalweni zabantu abadala:

  • entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali;
  • ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa amajikijolo;
  • ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo;
  • ngokushesha emva kokuvuna;
  • ngaphambi kobusika.

Ukunisela ama-raspberries kufanele kube okuqabukayo kepha kube maningi: kuyadingeka ukumanzisa inhlabathi ukuze ibe ngu-20-40 cm ukujula. Imvamisa lokhu kudinga amabhakede ama-3-4 kwisikwere esisodwa. m ukufika.

Isivuno esicebile sama-raspberry asinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokufaka umquba. Ikhiqizwa ngokuya ngohlelo olulandelayo:

  • entwasahlobo yokuqala (ngaphambi kokunisela kokuqala), i-urea isakazeke kwimibuthano yesiqu (izinga lokugeleza lama-20-30 g nge-sq. m);
  • ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izihlahla zivundiswa ngesisombululo se-potassium monophosphate ngesilinganiso se-10-20 g nge-skwele ngasinye. m;

    I-phosphorus ne-potassium kuyadingeka kuma-raspberries ukuze akhuphule izivuno

  • kusukela ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa kwamajikijolo, ama-raspberries athelwa ngomanyolo we-liquid organic njalo emavikini ayi-2. Ukulungiselela kwayo:
    • zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-7- 7, gcizelela utshani obukade ubugugile emanzini afudumele (isilinganiso esingu-1: 2), i-mullein (2: 10) noma ukwehliswa kwezinyoni (1)
    • uketshezi olumphumela luyahlungwa, luhlanjululwe amahlandla ayishumi ngamanzi nezitshalo ziniselwa ngalesi sixazululo (isilinganiso sokusebenzisa oku-1 litre ngalinye nge-1 sq. m);
  • ngesikhathi sokumba ekwindla, i-superphosphate (30-40 g nge-sq. m) ilethwa emhlabathini.

Ukondla ama-raspberries, ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi owenziwe ngesilimo wezilimo ezimajingijolo. Lapho uzisebenzisa, kufanele ulandele imiyalo.

Izihlahla

Indlela yokugunyazwa engokoqobo lapho kutshalwa ama-raspberries iyathenwa. Kwenziwa kabili ngonyaka: entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kodwa-ke, ehlobo ayikhuthaziwe ukwenza buthaka ukulawula. Ngesikhathi sonke sokukhula, kuyadingeka ukususa amahlumela ezimpande ngokweqile ngesikhathi. Lokhu kungenziwa kalula ngefosholo elibukhali le-bayonet, elisika impande enondla ihlumela elingaphezulu.

Ngesikhathi sokuthena ekwindla, okulandelayo kuyasuswa:

  • wonke amahlumela asemzimbeni;

    Ekwindla, amahlumela okusajikijolo weminyaka emibili asusiwe asusiwe: ansundu, acwengekile

  • kulinyazwe izinambuzane neziqu zeminyaka ezigulisiwe;
  • amagatsha aphukile nabuthakathaka;
  • amahlumela amancane angenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela wonyaka asele ancishiswa ngo-10 cm, okusiza ukumisa ukukhula kwawo futhi kusheshise nokuvuthwa.

Umphumela kufanele ube ngamabhasi ahlukene, aqukethe amahlumela wonyaka aqinile angama-5-7. Zonke amahlumela ngokweqile zisuswa futhi ngokungenamusa - lokhu kuzovimbela ukuqina ngokweqile kwamahlathi, okuthinta kabi inani nosayizi wamajikijolo, nokwenza kube nzima ukunakekela ama-raspberries.

Ukuthenwa kwe-Autumn kwama-raspberries e-remont enzelwe isitshalo esisodwa sekwindla kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile. Kuqukethe ukucheba konke ukushaqeka komhlaba ngokushiya ama-stumps kungabi ngaphezu kwama-2-3 cm. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ekwindla sekwephuzile noma ekuqaleni kobusika, ngemuva kweqhwa lokuqala.

Ividiyo: imithetho eyisisekelo yekwindla yokuthena izimbali

Ukuthena kwentwasahlobo kuqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa. Inhloso yawo ukukhipha amahlumela angalalanga ebusika. Iziqu ezonakele ngokwengxenye zinqunywa ezingeni lezinso zokuqala ezinempilo, bese kuthi lezo ezifile zisuswe ngokuphelele. Kunciphisa amahlumela amade kakhulu. I-Optimum yokwenza izithelo ibhekwa njengokuphakama okuyi-1.5-1.8 m.

Indlela yethu yokuthena kwentwasahlobo yama-raspberries ehlobo yathuthukiswa yi-malinovod evelele u-Alexander Georgiaievich Sobolev. Kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili:

  1. Isiqu sonyaka se-raspberry sisikwa ekupheleni kukaMeyi ekuphakameni kwe-1 m.
  2. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kokudutshulwa, futhi nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, izihloko zawo wonke amagatsha asemuva, avele ngamanani amakhulu ngenxa yokuthenwa kokuqala, asuswa.

Ngokwakheka okunjalo, kutholakala isihlahla esinamahlamvu kahle esinenqwaba yamahlumela ezithelo namaqanda.

Ama-raspberry othenwe kabili anyusa ezithela

Zonke amahlumela ezikude zama-raspberries ziyasha. Umlilo uqinisekisiwe ukuqeda izinambuzane nezinambuzane zesikhunta se-pathogenic ezingaba ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwesiqu.

Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo

Ama-raspberry, njengezinye izilimo eziningi zomdwebo, kuvame ukuhlushwa izifo kanye nezilokazane. Ukuze ulwe nazo, izihlahla zicutshungulwa ngokohlelo olulandelayo:

  • entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ngokumelene nokugqokwa kwamabala ansomi, i-anthracnose, i-septoria nezinye izifo, fafaza u-1% weBordeaux fluid;
  • ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ubhungane okusajingijolo, ama-weevil kanye ne-aphid, okutshaliwe kufafazwe nge-Actellic noma amanye amalungiselelo e-insecticidal;
  • ngemuva kokuvunwa nokususwa kwezithombo ezakhiwe ngaphansi, ezingaphansi, ezomisiwe noma ezilinyazwe yi-galicia, zifafazwa ngo-1% Bordeaux fluid. Lapho kukhona izinambuzane, izinti zibuye ziphathwe ngomuthi onomphumela wokubulala izinambuzane;
  • ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ukutshala okusajingijolo kubuye kufafazwe ngo-3% Bordeaux fluid.

    Ngokulwa nezinambuzane eziningi zama-raspberries, isixazululo seBordeaux liquid siyasiza

Ukuzala

Ngokuvamile ama-raspberries asatshalaliswa ngokuyisimila. Ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine izici ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo futhi, uma uqhathanisa nembewu, kuthatha isikhathi esincane. Indlela yemifino ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwe:

  • inzalo yezimpande;
  • izimbabazane;
  • ukusika okuluhlaza okotshani;
  • ukusika izimpande.

Izimpande inzalo

Inzalo eyizimpande izitshalo ezisencane ezinesistimu yazo yezimpande, kepha nokho zincike esihlahleni sikamama. Zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekusakazeni ama-raspberries.Emapulazini amakhulu, inzalo yezimpande zitholakala ngotshwala bukamama abakhulile, abavunyelwe ukuthela izithelo.

Imbewu okusajingijolo ehlotshaniswa nesihlahla sikamama

Ezindaweni ezizimele, kukhiqizwa inzalo yezimpande ku-raspberry ethelayo. Kwenze ngale ndlela:

  1. Funa izitshalo ezifanele ziqale ehlobo.
  2. Izinhlobo ezakhiwe kahle zigubha futhi zizame ukudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula kwazo.
  3. Kuyasuswa inzalo ebuthakathaka ukuze ingazidonseli umsoco kuyo.
  4. Ekwindla yokuqala, izitshalo ezincane zimbiwa ngokucophelela futhi zitshalelwe endaweni entsha zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile.

    Ama-raspberry anezimpande abhalwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla futhi atshalwe endaweni entsha.

Izimpi

I-nettle ihlumela elincane lama-raspberries, akhiwa kusuka ekululeni kwezimpawu zezimpande ezivundlile. Ubonakala ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-2-3 ukusuka esihlahleni sikamama ngaphandle kwesenzo esivela kumlimi. Imvamisa bayayicekela phansi, kepha uma kunesidingo ukuthola izitshalo ezintsha, kusebenza njengesixhobo esihle sokutshala.

Lapho usakaza ama-raspberry nge-nettle, kumele kubhekwe imithetho eminingana:

  • amahlumela amasha athathwa kuphela ezihlahleni ezinempilo, ziletha isivuno esiningi samajikijolo amnandi;
  • zonke izimbali zinqunywa ezitshalweni ezikhethelwe izinto zokutshala, zingavumeli ukumiswa kwamajikijolo;
  • isihlahla sikamama sakhiwe kahle ngomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen (ngokwesibonelo, i-urea), njalo siphuza amanzi bese sihlanganisa kahle isiyingi salo sesiqu sezinto eziphilayo.

Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, lapho-ke sekupheleni kukaJuni isibalo esikhulu sezimpande zizovela esihlahleni. Lokhu kusebenza okulandelayo:

  1. Ngemuva kokuphakama kwe-nettle ifinyelela ku-6-12 cm, ibunjiwe ngokucophelela, izama ukugcina isigaxa sobumba sizungeze izimpande.
  2. Ngemuva kwalokho watshalwa umbhede onenhlabathi evulekile, evundile.

    INettle itshalwa embhedeni ngemuva kokuba ikhule yaba ngu-6-12 cm

Ngokuwa kokuqala, ihlumela lizoshintsha libe isihlahla esincane esinohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe, olungatshalwa entwasahlobo elandelayo endaweni ehlala njalo.

Ividiyo: ungayisakaza kanjani ama-raspberries ngembabazane

Ama-cuttings aluhlaza

Ama-raspberries, njengamanye amahlahla amaningi amajikijolo, kulula ukusabalalisa nge-green (ihlobo) ukusika. Ukuze ubathole:

  1. Sika iziqalo zama-amahlumela angama-5-6 cm ubude bese ususa wonke amaqabunga kuwo, ngaphandle kwalawa amabili aphezulu.
  2. Ngaphansi kwesibambo, izehlo ezimbalwa zobude obude zenziwa ngommese obukhali ukusheshisa ukwakheka kwezimpande.

    Izithelo ezisikiwe okusajingijolo ezivunwa kusuka phezulu amahlumela

  3. Ama-cuttings alungiselelwe atshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa enomhlabathi oxegayo futhi oniselwe. Izitshalo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zigqunywe futhi zinikezwe umswakama oqhubekayo.

    Ukusika okusajingijolo okuhlaza kutshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kubanikeze umthunzi futhi umswakama njalo

  4. Ngomphumela omuhle, ngemuva cishe kwenyanga, kuye kwakhiwa izimpande ezanele kuzinqunywe.
  5. Ngemuva kwalokho kuvulelwa lo greenhouse.
  6. Ama-raspberries amasha adluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Izimpande ezisikiwe

Ukusakazwa ngezinsika zezimpande kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekutshalweni kwezinhlobo ezi-raspberry, ngokunikeza inani elincane lamahlumela. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyelulekwa nangokuthi esimweni somonakalo omkhulu wokushiswa komhlaba ngezifo noma izinambuzane.

Izimpande ezisikiwe zivunwa ekwindla yokuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

  1. 15-16 cm kusuka esitshalweni esinamandla, bambe umgodi bese ukhipha kuwo izimpande ngobubanzi okungenani obuyi-5 mm, kungcono uma ungaba ngu-2 cm.
  2. Basikwa nge-secateurs ebukhali futhi ehlanzekile ibe izingcezu ubude obungu-15-20 cm, otshalwe emibhedeni elungiselelwe ngaphambili, ebiyelwe kahle kude nge-5-10 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukudepha kokwehla ngamasentimitha ambalwa.

    Amajikijolo asakazeka kalula ngokusika kwezimpande

  3. Ingaphezulu lombhede limbozwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe noma ifilimu ukuze kulungiswe umswakama ofanele.
  4. I-Shelter isuswa kuphela ngemuva kokuvela.

AmaSaplings atholwe kusuka kwezimpande ezisikiwe azobe elungele ukufakelwa endaweni engapheli ngonyaka, ukuwa okulandelayo.

Khula raspberries kusuka imbewu

Ukukhula raspberries kusuka imbewu kuyinqubo ende futhi enzima, ngaphezu kwalokho, akuqinisekisi ukulondolozwa kwezimpawu ezihlukile zesitshalo somama. Le ndlela yokusabalalisa isakazeke kuphela phakathi kwabafuyi bezithelo, okuholela ezinhlotsheni ezintsha nakuma-nzalo wama-raspberries.

Ukukhula raspberries kusuka imbewu kubandakanya izigaba eziningana:

  1. Okokuqala zivune imbewu:
    1. Amajikijolo avuthiwe ayachotshozwa futhi agcwele amanzi ahlanzekile.
    2. Kuyakhanywa uketshezi, bese imbewu esele ezansi ihlanzwa kahle ngesihlungo esihle kakhulu.
    3. Uma kunesidingo, isitoreji sesikhathi eside, somile kahle.

      Imbewu okusajingijolo ingalungiswa nguwe noma uthenge esitolo esikhethekile

  2. Ngemuva kwalokho i-stratization iyenziwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekuqaleni kobusika, imbewu enomswakama ibekwa ezikhwameni ze-gauze futhi zingcwatshwe ebhokisini eline-sawdust elithambile, eligcinwa esiqandisini noma emiphongolweni izinyanga ezi-3.

    Amashalofu aphezulu esiqandisini alungele ukuhlukaniswa kwembewu okusajingijolo

  3. Ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa:
    1. Imbewu ibekwa emhlabathini oswakanyiswe kahle, okhanyayo.
    2. Fafaza ngengqimba yesihlabathi kungabi ngaphezu kuka-5 mm.
    3. Isitsha esinezitshalo simbozwe ngengilazi futhi sishiywe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle.
    4. Izikhathi ezithile, umhlaba umunyiswa ngesibhamu sokufafaza. Ngokushisa kwe +20 ° C, izithombo ziyavela ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa.

      Ngokushisa kwe-+20 ° C, kuvela izithombo raspberry emavikini ambalwa

  4. Esigabeni samaqabunga wangempela ayi-3-4, izithombo ziqala ukuqina emoyeni omusha. Ekuqaleni, isikhathi esichithwa yizithombo emgaqweni akufanele singeqi imizuzu eyi-6, lapho-ke siyandiswa kancane kancane sibe ngamahora ambalwa.
  5. Ngemuva kokuthi izitshalo ezincane zifinyelele kubude obungama-10 cm, zidonswa ngezitsha ezihlukile.

    Izithombo ezijikijolo izimbobo ezi-10 cm eziphakeme ezitsheni ezihlukile

Emhlabathini ovulekile, ama-raspberry atshalwa kuphela ngonyaka ngemuva kokuvela.

Imbewu okusajingijolo nje ayihlumi, ukuze ikhule, idinga ukuqhekeka (yenza buthaka ijazi lembewu, ngokwesibonelo, imizuzu eli-15 ku-sulfuric acid egxilisiwe), bese kuthi ukubamba okubandayo kube izinyanga ezimbalwa, kuthi lapho ukutshala kube nezithombo ezinobungane impela. Uma ungahlwanyela nje, mhlawumbe kuzovela okuthile, futhi ngonyaka wesi-2 nowe-3.

vlad12//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=59937

Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulinywa okusajingijolo

Abalimi abakwazi ukwenqaba ubuqili nobuhlakani - ukuze kudaleke izimo ezihle kakhulu kuma-raspberries, basebenza ngezindlela ezihlukile zokulitshala.

Ethempelini

Ngokuvamile ama-raspberries atshalwa ku-trellis. Ngale ndlela, izihlahla zigcinwa zisendaweni eqondile, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhanya okuhle nokufaka umoya omncane kokutshalwa kutholakala, umkhiqizo uyanda futhi nengozi yezifo incishisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-raspberry enjalo, amajikijolo awathinti umhlabathi, okusho ukuthi awangcoli futhi awaboli ekuxhumaneni nomhlabathi obandayo nowomswakama.

Lapho uhlakulela ama-raspberries, kusetshenziswa ama-trellises amathathu:

  • umgwaqo munye - uqukethe ukusekelwa okuningana okumi mpo ngocingo lwe-taut noma ngentambo eqinile, okuhlanganiswa kulo umhlanga okusajingijolo;

    I-single raspberry trellis - lezi zisekelwa eziningana zentambo ngocingo oluliwe

  • izindlela ezimbili - kubonakaliswa ubukhona bezintambo ezimbili ezihambelana ngokulinganayo ezingalungiswa endaweni eyodwa noma emabangeni athile. Lolu hlobo lomklamo luvumela amahlumela we-raspberry ukuthi atshalwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene futhi anciphise ukuqina kwesihlahla se-raspberry.

Nge-trellis yomugqa owodwa, isigxobo sokhuni noma ipayipi lensimbi elingububanzi obuncane lingasetshenziswa njengosekelo. Ngezindlela ezimbili, lesi simo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Njengokusekelwa kwayo, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezi-3 zezakhiwo:

  • Omiswe nge-T - iqukethe isisekelo esime mpo kanye nemigoqo eyodwa noma amabili aqondile, emaceleni lapho kufakwa khona uthango;

    I-trellis enomzimba olula kulula ukuzenzela

  • Ama-V-shape - izisekeli zifakwa engela ka-60 ° komunye nomunye;

    Ububi obukhulu be-trellis eyenziwe nge-V ngukushintshwa kwengeli lokuthambekela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

  • Ama-Y-shape - amabala atholakalayo agxotshwe emisebeni, okukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe i-angle yokuthambekela.

    I-trellis eyi-Y eyenziwe yahlanganiswa kanye ngamakati ebusika, futhi kancane kancane ikhuphuka entwasahlobo njengoba kudingeka

Ividiyo: ukwenza ama-raspberries trellis

Ama-raspberry adinga ukutshalwa kuphela kwi-trellis, lokhu kufakazelwa yisipiliyoni sezigidi. Lapho utshala emigqeni ngisho, lapho ufaka izigxobo nocingo, ama-raspberries akho minyaka yonke ayakwazi ukukhiqiza amajikijolo angaphezu kwama-6-8 futhi ngasikhathi sinye uthola ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yamajikijolo. Yonke imizamo yakho ilahlekelwa yincazelo uma ifektri yakho eluhlaza (isitshalo se-raspberry) ingakwazi ukukhombisa ubuhle bayo bemvelo futhi idonsa ubukhona bayo njengama-raspberry asendle.

gimlet //forum.na-svyazi.ru/?showtopic=1860151

Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile

Ngobuchwepheshe bokutshala okusajingijolo, izihlahla zaminyaka yonke kanye nezitshalo ezinhlanu zalesi sitshalo zitshalwa ezindaweni ezingekho eduze komunye nomunye.. Komunye wabo, ihlumela lonke lisuswa ngokucophelela, kushiya iziqu kuphela ezinezithelo. Ngemuva kokuqokelelwa kwamajikijolo, wonke ama-raspberries ayabikwa futhi ebusika isiza sishiya ihlanzekile ngokuphelele. Esigabeni sesibili, amahlumela amasha akhulile. Ngemuva konyaka, konke kuyashintsha. Esigabeni sokuqala, kuvela amahlumela minyaka yonke, kuthi kwesesibili - amahlumela ngonyaka odlule aqale ukuthela izithelo.

Le ndlela yokukhula raspberries kugwema ukuqina ngokweqile kokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela wonyaka angalashwa ngokuphepha nezidakamizwa ezivimbela ukubukeka kwezifo nezinambuzane, ngaphandle kokwesaba ubuthi bokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bunezithiyo zabo. Okuyinkimbinkimbi yinkimbinkimbi yokususa amahlumela ezimpande ezindaweni ezinezithombo ezineminyaka emibili ubudala.

Ividiyo: ubuchwepheshe bokukhula okusajingijolo

Indlela yeShaft

Indlela ye-shale yokukhula kwama-raspberries yathuthukiswa ngu-A. G. Sobolev. Isici saso esihlukile wukushintsha kwesimo esime mpo sokuhluma kwezihlahla kuya kusiba mpo. Babekwa isiyingi ukuphakama okungama-30-40 cm ukusuka emhlabathini. Inhlanganisela yale ndlela yokulinyelwa yokuthena okuvela entwasahlobo evunyelwe i-Sobolev iqoqa kuze kufike ku-4 kg amajikijolo esihlahleni esisodwa raspberry. Isikhathi sokuzala izithelo sikhuphuke safinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-90.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela ye-shale ivumela unyaka owodwa kanye nambili we-raspberry amahlumela ukuthi akhule endaweni eyodwa, kugwenywe ukuvimbela okungatheni. Ngenxa yokuthi zonke iziqu zezithelo zama-raspberries zitholakala zibanzi, isiyingi, isikhungo sesihlahla lapho kukhula khona amahlumela amasha, sihlala sikhululekile. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, amahlumela aneminyaka emibili asuswa, bese kuthi unyaka owodwa ubudala athathe isikhundla sawo. Kanjalo nakusikhangiso.

Isici esihlukile sendlela ye-stlan ukushintshwa kwesikhundla esime mpo sezimpande zezithelo ziphenduka zize ziqonde

Izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo ezifundeni ezihlukene

Ama-raspberries ama-Agrotechnics ezifundeni ezihlukile angaba nezimpawu zawo. Kuyathinteka ikakhulukazi ezimeni zezulu.

Esifundeni saseMoscow kanye nendawo ephakathi neRussia

Emadolobhaneni nasenkabeni yeRussia, iningi lezinhlobo zaso raspberry likhula kahle futhi lithela izithelo, kepha ezinye zazo azibekezeleli ubusika obubandayo balesi sifunda. Ukuze ugweme ukuqandeka amahlumela, zigobile phansi. Izitshalo ezilungiselelwe ngale ndlela zisheshe zithole eqhweni, ezibavikela ngokuphelele emakhazeni.

Ukuze ugweme iqhwa lamahlumela, endaweni ephakathi ne-Russia raspberries zigobile emhlabathini ekwindla

ESiberia

ESiberia, amazinga okushisa ebusika aphansi kakhulu kunasemgwaqweni ophakathi nendawo, ngakho-ke ukucwilisa amahlumela akwanele. Ungazigcina kuphela ngokuzisonga ngezinto zokumboza bese uziphonsa ngamagatsha e-spruce. Vele, kunezinhlobo ikakhulukazi zobusika eziqinile ebekezelela kalula isithwathwa saseSiberia ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, kepha iningi lazo azifani ekunambithekeni okuhle nasekuvuneni okukhulu.

Ezimweni zaseSiberia ezinamaqabunga amabi kakhulu, kungcono ukumboza ama-raspberries nge-spruce ebusika

E-Kuban nase-Ukraine

E-Kuban nase-Ukraine, isimo siphikisana ngokwe-diametrically. Lapha, ama-raspberries ngokuvamile ahlushwa ukushisa kwehlobo nesomiso. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukunisela ngokudonswa kahle kakhulu. Ngokusho kwabalimi abanolwazi, uyakwazi ukukhuphula umkhiqizo ngo-15-25%. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ukutshala okusajingijolo kulezi zifunda kufanele kufakwe phakathi.

Ezindaweni ezomile nezinezimo sezulu ezishisayo, ama-raspberries atshaliwe kumele afakwe ndawonye ukuze asindise umswakama.

EBelarus

Isimo sezulu esiphansi saseBelarus sikufanele kahle ukutshala i-raspberry. Kepha isimilo somswakama ngokweqile walesi sifunda kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezifo zokukhunta. Ukuze sinqande amathuba okutheleleka, kuyadingeka:

  • ungavumeli amajikijolo ukuba aqweqwe;

    Ukuze uvikele izifo, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuqina kwesihlahla se-raspberry

  • njalo enze ukwelashwa kokuvimbela kokutshala;
  • susa ngesikhathi amahlumela anezifo futhi alimale.

Okusajingijolo akuyona inkambiso enkulu kakhulu, ukutshalwa kwayo kulula ngisho nangokuthi umlimi oqalayo akwazi ukubhekana nayo. Kodwa uma umnaka ukunakwa okuthe xaxa, ama-raspberries ngokuqinisekile azokubonga ngesivuno esijwayelekile samajikijolo amnandi futhi anempilo.

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