Kusukela esikhathini esidala kuze kube namuhla, i-walnut ibizwa ngokuthi "umuthi wokuphila". Ngenxa yokwakheka okuyingqayizivele okunamavithamini, izakhi ezincane nezincane nezinye izinto eziwusizo, amantongomane asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo eziningi, abuyisele amandla okulahlekelwa, anelise indlala. Ukugcwalisa umzimba ngezakhi eziwusizo kunele amantongomane ambalwa ngosuku.
Imithetho yokuthenga izithombo ze-walnut
Ukulima kwesihlahla sama-walnut kuqala ngokukhetha okulungile kokutshala izinto. I-walnut inesici esisithakazelisayo esisodwa: isitshalo sokuqala sinikeza amandla onke ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwempande, bese kukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwe-trunk nobunzima obuhlaza. Ngakho-ke, izithombo ezingathatha izimpande futhi zinike abantwana esikhathini esizayo azizange zakhiwe ngamaqabunga, kodwa isistimu yezimpande ezinamandla. I-sapling ene amaqabunga, ngokuphambene nalokho, angeke ihlale phansi, ngaphandle kwalokho, lapho ihlwanyela, ama-saplings adonwe ukuze ukudla kuhambe kuphela ekudleni.
Imbewu enempilo kufanele ibe namandla, ngezimpande ezithuthukile (uhlelo lwempande le nut luyisisekelo). Kumele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela amagxolo esitshalo, akufanele kube yimuphi umonakalo nomunye umonakalo.
Kubalulekile! Uma isithombo se-walnut sinamaqabunga owomile kakhulu, izimpande ezibolile nezithambile, kufanele wenqabe ukuzithenga - isitshalo siyagula.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhetha isiteji ukuxhumana ne-nursery, lapho ungakhetha khona ikhwalithi enempilo yokutshala enempilo. Futhi-ke, e-nursery, bayokutshela ukuthi imbewu ivela esitshalweni noma ihlanganiswa. Kusukela kumbewu ehlanganisiwe, uma ibuye i-skoroplodny, isivuno singatholakala ngonyaka wesithathu, futhi kusukela enzalweni eyodwa kokuyishumi, hhayi ngaphambili.Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala i-walnut
I-Walnut ithanda ukushisa kwelanga elikhanyayo, inokukhanya okuningi, umqhele uba mnyama, ukhulu. I-walnut iyisitshalo esinamandla, ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela kumamitha angu-25, futhi ububanzi be-trunk ngokuvamile bufinyelela kumamitha ayisikhombisa. Umuthi ungakhula emthambekeni omncane, onama-degrees angu-18.
Akuyona into engathandeki ukutshala i-nati enhlabathini enomdlandla, emhlabathini omanzi futhi omanzi. Inhlabathi ye-walnut inconywa ngokuqukethwe komfaniswano wesihlabathi nobumba, indawo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba iseduze nendawo.
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i-nut ikhula phezulu futhi isakaze isihlahla, lapho uhlwanyela kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izovala ukukhanya ezitshalweni ezikhula eduze. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, lezi zitshalo kumele zifakwe kwezinye izindawo. 
Lapho ukutshala khona isikhuni esiqhingini - ingxenye eseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yendawo, evikelekile emoyeni, iyoba yindawo engcono kunazo zonke. Uma ukhetha isakhiwo somuthi, ungalitshali eduze nendlu noma izakhiwo zasemapulazini, izimpande zesitshalo, uma zikhula, zingalimaza isisekelo sakhiwo. Akudingekile ukutshala eduze kocingo.
Uyazi? Ukukhulunywa kukaPliny ngamantongomane kuye kwagcinwa. Kulo, ubhala ukuthi lesi sitshalo sasifika eGrisi sisuka emasimini enkosi yasePheresiya uKoresi, khona-ke kusukela emayelana nokuhweba evela eGrisi kuya eRoma, futhi kusukela lapho kuya ensimini yeFrance, eSwitzerland, eBulgaria naseJalimane yanamuhla. EMelika, le nut yafika kuphela ngekhulu le-XIX.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika
I-Walnut ngeke idinge ukunakekelwa okuningi lapho ukhula futhi unakekela, uma ulungisa ngokucophelela izithombo kanye nendawo yokutshala. Indawo yokutshala kumele ihlanjululwe kusuka ezikhungweni zezitshalo, ikhulule futhi ibe nezinga. Uma inhlabathi ingahlangabezane nezidingo, ingashintshwa ngenye ingxenye evundile.
Umgodi wokutshala utshalwe nje ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze kulondolozwe inani lokuswakama okudingekayo isitshalo, ngoba akusifisi ukuthululela amanzi emgodini. Ukujula kwalo kuxhomeke ebude bezimpande, kufanele kugcinwe ngokujulile ukuze izimpande zibe lula futhi zingaphuli.
Izitshalo zizodinga ukudla okunekhwalithi. Umanyolo wesikhunta wenziwe kusukela kuzingxenye ezilandelayo: ibhakede lomquba, amagremu angama-400 e-wood ash, 200 amagremu we-superphosphate. Le ingxube yezinto ezinomsoco ifakwe ngaphansi komgodi, futhi uma itshalwe, ifafazwe ngomhlabathi; uxhumano lwezimpande nomanyolo alufisi.
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo kanye nebanga phakathi kwabo
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu lapho ukutshala izithombo zesikhuni kusentwasahlobo. Lesi sitshalo sizoba nesikhathi sokutshala izimpande futhi sikhule siqinile kuze kube seqhwa ebusika, okungabhubhisa izihlahla ezincane.
Izitshalo ngaphambi kokutshala zidinga ukuhlola, uma zonakalisiwe, izimpande ezibolile noma ezomile, ziyadliwa. Ukwenza ngcono nokusheshisa inqubo yokuqothula, izimpande zezithombo zifakwa emshini webumba ngokufaka isithuthukisi sokwanda. Inkulumo ilungiselelwe kusuka ebumbeni, umquba ovuthiwe namanzi (3: 1: 1), ubuningi - njengalawo ukhilimu omuncu.
Ukutshala ama-walnut kwenziwa kancane kancane, izimpande ziqondisa kahle, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuzinika isikhundla esingezansi. Khona-ke, kusukela ezimpandeni eziphansi kakhulu, kancane kancane wathululela phezu kwenhlabathi. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye engenhla yezimpande kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kusikhombisa ngaphansi komhlaba. Inhlabathi yembuthano isuke iphoswe kahle, i-groove enganciphisi yokuchelela yenziwa nxazonke zendilinga. Amantongomane atshalwe amanzi amaningi, cishe amalitha angu-15 amanzi. Njengoba umqhele ukhula kakhulu, umuthi awudingi omakhelwane oseduze kwamamitha amahlanu. 
Amathiphu Okunakekelwa Kwe-Walnut
I-Walnut, ngokuya emithethweni yokutshala nokunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi, izophendula ekuvuneni okuhle. Ukunakekela isitshalo akuyona inkimbinkimbi, into esemqoka ukufeza izinqubo ngesikhathi futhi wazi ezinye izici. Isibonelo, ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi, ukusika, ukukhipha okwenziwayo akukwenzi okujulile kunamamentimitha amahlanu, ngoba izimpande eziphezulu zezitshalo ziseduze.
Uyazi? Izinzuzo zama-walnuts zomsebenzi wobuchopho zaziwa kubapristi beBhabhiloni lasendulo. Isikhulu esiphezulu sabeka abantu abavamile ukuba badle amantongomane ngoba besaba ukuthi bazoba abahlakaniphile kakhulu. I-Walnut, ngokusho kwezazi eziningi nabacwaningi basendulo, ingenye yezitshalo eziphakeme eziyishumi ezihlalwa ngabantu.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbela izihlahla ezivela ezifweni nasezinambuzane
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, isitshalo sidinga izinyathelo zokuvimbela: kusukela esitokisini namagatsha omzimba we nut, kuyadingeka ukususa amagxolo afile ebusika kanye nomhlophe ohlanziwe; izindawo ezihlanzekile kufanele zihlanjwe ngesisombululo sethusi sulfate (3%); ukuhlanza ukuvuselela.
Entwasahlobo, ngenkathi izinso zisalokhu zilele, umuthi nomhlabathi wombuthano ozungeza isiqu bahlanzwa ne-Bordeaux eyodwa yamaphesenti amakhemikhali ukuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane.
Ehlobo, ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezinambuzane nezifo emhlabeni wonke, inhlabathi ihlanzwa, isihlahla ngokwawo kufanele sihlolisiswe ngokucophelela ngezinambuzane, noma yiziphi izindawo ezisola emagqabeni namahlamvu. Uma itholakele, phatha ngokushesha nge-fungicides (uma kwenzeka izibonakaliso zokugula) noma izinambuzane (ngokubonakala kwezinambuzane).
Ngemuva kokuvuna nokuwa kweqabunga, izihlahla ziphathwa futhi nge-prophylaxis; izindlela ezifanayo zingasetshenziswa. Abalimi besitshalo abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-urea amaphesenti angu-7 esikhundleni se-Bordeaux liquid and sulphate yethusi. Lelixazululo liyi-multifunctional, ngesikhathi esisodwa libalekela ezinambuzaneni, linomphumela we-fungicidal futhi umanyolo we-nitrogen.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba nut idinga isikhathi sokukhula nitrogen, kungcono ukucubungula nge urea entwasahlobo.
Imithetho yokunisela
Ngemuva kwebusika kunemvula encane, noma ngisho neqhwa, umswakama ubalulekile kumnc. Nisela umuthi kahle, kuze kube ngamalitha angu-20 amanzi. Ngaphansi kwemvula evamile, lo mnothi uyanisela njalo emva kwezinyanga ezimbili entwasahlobo. Ehlobo, ngokushisa nangemvula, isidingo sokunisela sanda. Cishe kusukela ngo-May kuya ku-Julayi izihlahla zama-walnut ziphuziswa kabili ngenyanga, ezinezimbiza ezintathu noma ezine zamanzi ngesihlahla ngasinye, ukungabi nomswakama kungathinta umkhiqizo wesikhuni.
Ukukhulula inhlabathi akudingeki kwenziwe emva kokuchelela okunye, i-nut ayithandi. Uma kunezimvula ezivame entwasahlobo nasehlobo, akufanelekile ukuchelela, i-walnut ithanda umswakama, kodwa ngenxa yesakhiwo sesimiso, okungeziwe kuyoba yingozi. Nciphisa ukuchelela izihlahla ezingaphezu kwamamitha amane, uhlelo lwazo lwempande ludonsa umswakama ezindaweni ezijulile zenhlabathi.
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ukuchelela kunciphile. 
Uma ekwindla kungadli, kunisela kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukuba ubusika. Ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka nokubunjwa kwe-crust earth, ukuqubuzana kuyadingeka. Ngale ndlela, inhlabathi nayo iyogwema ukuma phezu kwezinsuku ezishisayo ikakhulukazi. I-mulch yenziwe ngotshani noma i-sawdust, peat in ungqimba wesentimitha ezinhlanu.
Ukudla izihlahla
NgoMeyi, sekuyisikhathi sokutshala futhi umbuzo uvela: yini okufanele ukondle u-walnut? Izihlahla ezindala ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 ubudala zidinga amakhilogremu ayisithupha e-ammonium nitrate, i-nut edlalwa entwasahlobo noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zehlobo.
Ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, ukukhula kangcono kwamahlumela, isicupho sabo sezintambo bese sondla isihlahla nge-phosphates ne-potassium, enezela izakhi zokulandelela. Kukhona umquba wezihlahla zezithelo ezinezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Umuthi othela izidingo zezithelo kuwo wonke inkathi 10 kg we-superphosphate, 10 kg we-ammonium sulfate, u-3 kg wewasawoti we-potassium kanye no-6 kg we-ammonium nitrate.
Kubalulekile! Ama-fertilizer eziphilayo angasetshenziswa: ukutshala izimpande (lupine, oats), ezifakwa emhlabathini ekwindla, zingatshalwa phakathi kwezihlahla zomunyu.
Ukukhipha nini futhi kanjani
Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala yokuphila komnco udinga ukwakha isiqu sayo nomqhele. Njalo ngonyaka, amagatsha asetshenziselwa ukunqunywa amatshe athalwa eduze kwesihlahla. Ukusika izidakamizwa ezihlanzekile noma ezinomsoco kwenziwa ngethuluzi elibukhali ukuze kungalimazi isitshalo, ungashiyi ama-burrs.
Ukwakheka komqhele, isikhathi esihle kakhulu lapho umuthi usufike emamitha ambalwa nengxenye yokukhula, ne-stem kuze kube ngu-90 cm nokuphakama komqhele kufika ku-60 cm.
Uma ubeka umqhele, amagatsha anciphise ngo-20 cm, eshiya cishe amahlumela ayishumi amahlumela, ahlanzwa kusuka emahlumela okuhluma kanye ne-shtamb. Ukugcina komqhele kuzokwenziwa eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu, kodwa emva kwalokho, kuyodingeka ukuthi unqume kuphela amagatsha okuvimbela ukukhula kwamahlumela amakhulu akhula ngaphakathi futhi anqande umqhele kakhulu.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokunciphisa umuthi walunothi ihlanganisa:
- Inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokunyakaza okusebenzayo kwamanzi, noma ekwindla;
- Ekwindla, ukusika izihlahla ezomile nokonakalisiwe kwenziwa ukuze umuthi ungashiyi ebusika ukudla okubalulekile amahlumela asolwa ngokubhujiswa;
- Zonke izigaba emva kwenqubo kufanele ziphathwe njalo nge-pitch garden ukugwema izifo.
I-Walnut Wintering
Ngemuva kokuvuna kanye nokwehla kwekwindla, indawo idinga ukuhlanzwa, zonke izinsalela zezitshalo zisusiwe, ngoba kuzo zonke izinambuzane ezilimazayo ezingaphezu kwamanzi. Hlola izihlahla, amagatsha kanye namagxolo, futhi kuvame ukugwedla izinambuzane ngaphezulu, isiqu somuthi. Kunconywa ukuba ulungiselele ngokucophelela izihlahla ezincane kanye nemifino yonyaka wamanje ebusika: kubalulekile ukumboza isiqu somuthi wesihlahla ngomunwe. Kungenzeka ukumboza ngomquba, kodwa ukuze ungaxhumani namagxolo, iziqu zomuncu ziboshwe nge-sacking, bese kuthi amagatsha e-spruce angabekwa esihlahleni somuthi.
Indlela yokuvuna nokugcina
Ukuvuna kwamantongomane kuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla zakuqala. Ungakwazi ukuqoqa lawo nati, ikhasi elihlaza eliqhekezayo. Akunconywa ukususa izithelo eziluhlaza: abanakho ngisho nengxenye yezinto eziwusizo zomunyu ovuthiwe, ukuvuthwa okungavuthiwe okuvuthiwe kabi futhi akugcinwa isikhathi eside. Njengoba izithelo zivuthwa ngokungenalutho, ziqoqwe ngamaqoqo njengoba zivuthwa. 
Ukuze singanciki phezu komkhiqizo ngamunye futhi singaphonsa intonga emizamweni engenamsebenzi yokuqothula izithelo ngokuqinile phezu kwe-petioles, ukulimaza umonakalo emagqabeni asitshalo nokuchitha isikhathi nje, abalimi bafika ngamathuluzi ambalwa: ipulazi elijwayelekile elide (ubude buxhomeke ekuphakameni kwesitshalo) nge-lineni noma i-plastic isikhwama ekugcineni.
Izithelo eziwile phansi, udinga ukuqoqa ngokushesha. Uma i-rind ye-walnut ihamba, ukubola kungabhalwa kwigobolondo, futhi lokhu kuzothinta isitoreji. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqoqa amantongomane esimweni esomile.
Ukuze uthumele amantongomane esitoreji sesikhathi eside, zihlutshiwe futhi zomisiwe. Emile ngaphansi komcibisholo esimweni esomile noma endlini, ehlakazekile kwendwangu noma iphepha. Ngokuvamile kuthatha isonto ukuba lomile, vula amantongomane ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze zomile ngokulinganayo,
njengoba umswakama owedlulele ungathinta isitoreji.
Amantongomane ngaphandle kwegobolondo agcinwa cishe isigamu sonyaka emasakeni esikhwameni noma iziqukathi zangilazi endaweni eyomile. Amantongomane aphethiwe abuye agcinwe endaweni eyomile: ebhokisini, ephepheni noma esikhwameni, kodwa isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Mayelana nezinzuzo ze-walnut, izakhiwo zalo zokwelapha zazizikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yethu. Esikhathini sethu, isithunzi se-nati sithandwa futhi. Kokubili umuthi wendabuko kanye wendabuko usebenzisa izakhi zensimbi futhi uyincoma ukuba isetshenziswe bobabili abadala nabantwana.
