Abaningi bacabanga ngokudala ibheji elincane elithobileyo ku-dacha labo. Ngesizo salo, ungakwazi ukuthatha imithi yamanzi bese uphinde uvuselele amabhethri akho, futhi unciphise ukucindezeleka.
Kodwa esigabeni sokuklama nokufakwa kwezakhiwo, iningi libhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu kulezi zikhetha ukwaziswa okulungile kwesakhiwo.
Ukuze sikusize ukuyiqaphela, sizobheka ngalolu daba ngokuningiliziwe, futhi sinqume izinzuzo eziyinhloko nokungahleleki kwezixazululo ezihlukahlukene zokwakhiwa kokugeza.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zebhuku lokugeza
Ukuhlelwa kwamanzi okugeza, kanye nezinye izakhiwo, kuhlinzekela ukuqaliswa kwezindinganiso ezijwayelekile zomklamo nemithetho yokwakha. Kodwa-ke, icala lethu liyinkimbinkimbi nesidingo sokuhambisana nokwakhiwa kwemithetho jikelele yokuphepha komlilo.
Uyazi? Bath ngezimpande zawo enkulungwaneni yesi-6 BC. i-er Phakathi nalesi sikhathi eGibhithe lasendulo, amakamelo akhethekile e-steam ayatholakala yonke indawo, afinyeleleke kuzo zonke izingxenye zabantu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze uhlomise ukugeza ku-dacha ngokufanele, kufanele uhambisane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokwakha: Indawo ephumelele kakhulu yokugeza ibona kakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo zesayithi. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zanamuhla ukufeza ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwezakhi zokwakha eduze nokugeza ngeke kube lula. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo esinjalo kufanele sibe kude nendawo engaphansi kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili ukusuka kwesakhiwo sokuhlala, akukho amamitha angaphezu kuka-8 kuya kwesayithi elingumakhelwane futhi hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-12 ukusuka emthonjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo sokwakhiwa kufanele senziwe ngokuphathelene nendawo yonke, ngoba endaweni yokugeza ibhekwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi ezihlahleni minyaka yonke zihlushwa izikhukhula zasentwasahlobo.
- Ukuhambisana namazinga ezempilo: isakhiwo kumele sibe nomoya wokuphuza umoya futhi sihlome uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Uma kungenjalo, kuzoholela ekujuleni kwamanzi nomswakama, futhi nalokhu - ukuthuthukiswa kwamafungus nezinye izifo eziphilayo.
- Ukuhambisana namazinga okuphepha komlilo: zonke izingxenye zesakhiwo ezitholakala ekushiseni kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezingekho ezingasetshenziselwa umlilo. Ingxenye yesakhiwo lapho isithando sokushisa esakhiwe khona kufanele sivikeleke ngokwengeziwe ngokuzivikela okuvimbela ukushisa kwesakhiwo.
- Izinto zokwakha ezomvelo: I-Bath - indawo enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa nomswakama, ngakho-ke izinto zokwakhiwa kwayo kufanele zenziwe ezingxenyeni ezingokwemvelo nezingezona ezinobuthi, ngaphandle kokungeza noma yimaphi ama-synthetic compounds.
Ividiyo: Izidingo zomlilo zokugeza
Kubalulekile! Uma ukusondela kwesigaba esiseduze akuvumeli ukuhlomisa ibhafu, ibanga lokwakhiwa kwalo lingancishiswa kumamitha ayi-1, kepha lokhu kufanele kuvunyelwane nomakhelwane, futhi imvume yabo kumele iqinisekiswe ngokubhaliwe ngabameli.
Izinzuzo nezimo zokugeza ngamapulangwe
Ukugeza okuvame ukwenziwa ngamapulangwe. Izinkuni zilula ukusebenzisana nazo, ngakho-ke ungakha cishe noma yikuphi ingxenye yesakhiwo, kokubili ukuveza izakhi, nokugqoka.
Izakhiwo ezinjalo zibonakaliswa ngamandla, futhi i-shrinkage yabo emhlabathini igijima ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokuvela kwamaphutha nokuhlukana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihlahla simelana nomswakama nokushisa kwezinga lokushisa, futhi sinemfanelo ephakeme yokushisa okushisa, okwenza lokhu kutholakale kuphelele.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokwakha nokuhlela ukugeza.
Kodwa-ke, unamaminithi amaningi, okokuqala, kungukuthi:
- i-fragility;
- Amanzi okubhukuda adinga ukulandelwa ngokucophelela ngamazinga okuphepha komlilo;
- I-shrinkage ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ingaba ngaphezu kuka-10 cm;
- ukugeza okukhuni kudinga okungenani iminyaka emibili ukuze umile kahle;
- Ngemuva kokumiswa, izakhiwo zokhuni kumele zihlale zibhema.
Uyazi? I-Finland - umholi ngenani lamakamelo okuqhuma ngamapayipi. Ezweni elinamabhiliyoni angaba ngu-5 kubo, kunezigidi ezingaphezu kwezi-2 zazo.
Isihlahla sePine
I-pin iwumuthi ovame kakhulu ekwakhiweni, ngakho akumangazi ukuthi amabhuku ngokuvamile awakhiwe kulokhu okushiwo. 
Ipine inezinzuzo eziningi:
- umuthi ukhula cishe noma yiziphi izimo, ngakho-ke ungenye yezinto ezishibhile futhi ezivame kakhulu;
- iphayini ine-smooth and even trunk, ewenza kube lula ukucubungula;
- lezikhuni zilula kepha ziqine, ziqhekeke kakhulu, ngakho izakhiwo ezinjalo zithembekile futhi zinikezela kancane;
- ipayipi iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinhlayiya ezimnandi, ngakho-ke izinqubo zamanzi ezinjalo zokugeza ziwusizo ngokukhethekile empilweni yabantu jikelele.
Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinto zokwenza ucingo, kanye nendlela yokwenza ucingo lwe-gabions, izitini, ucingo lwe-picket, ukufakwa kwesixhumanisi sezinketho kanye nocingo lwe-wicker engadini.
I-Pine inamaminithi ambalwa, kodwa asekhona. Okokuqala, lokhu kukhululwa kokukhuni kwezinkuni, ngakho-ke, kulawo mabhati, i-resin evela ezindongeni kuyodingeka ihlanzwe eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Futhi, umuthi wephayini awufani nokumelana nokubonakaliswa okuhlukahlukene kwemvelo, isikhunta kanye nezinambuzane, ngakho-ke umuthi onjalo udinga izindleko ezengeziwe zokwelashwa nama-protective agents. 
U-spruce
Izindlu zokugezela zase-Spruce azizona ezilinganiselwe kunokuba zivela ephayini, kodwa zingavamile. Kanye nezinhlobo ze-coniferous ezichazwe ngenhla, i-spruce nayo ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, isebenza futhi inenani eliphansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nto, njengephayini, ihlotshiswe ngezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali anezinhlayiyana ezingagcwalisa ukugeza nama-aromas ewusizo ohlelweni lokuphefumula.
Kodwa-ke, imiklamo evela e-spruce ezindaweni zethu ezivulekile ayivamile, ngoba, ngaphezu kwamaminithi ahlongozwe ngenhla, le conifer inamaphesenti amancane ukubonakaliswa kwemvelo ehlukahlukene kanye nesibungulu, futhi inikeza ukuqina okukhulu kunepini. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ezinjalo azidingi ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo nama-protective agent, kodwa futhi zihlala isikhathi esifushane. 
Umsedari
Ama-cedar plantings ayitholakali kuzo zonke izifunda, ngakho-ke okugeza kulokhu kukhishwa kuphela eSiberia, e-Urals. Lezi zinto zinamagugu afanayo njengama-conifers ahlongozwe ngenhla, kodwa inezinzuzo eziningana.
Okokuqala, ukubukeka kokuhle kakhulu kwesakhiwo. I-Cedar wood - ene-red-red middle and i-golden-pink hue yezingxenyeni zangaphandle, inikeza ibhati ukubheka okuthakazelisayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisedari inokuphikiswa okukhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zefungi nezinye izidalwa ezincane, kanye nezimo zemiswakama ephezulu, ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ezinjalo zihlala zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zingabizi kakhulu ukugcina kune-pine noma ngesi-spruce.
Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwalokhu kuhlanganisa:
- i-resin eyedlulele yokuchitha phakathi neminyaka embalwa yokuqala ngemva kokwakhiwa;
- izindleko zempahla ephezulu.
Larch
I-Larch yizinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu, ngakho-ke lesi sihlahla asitholakali njengesakhiwo sokwakha. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ngokuphathelene nabafowethu abathandekayo, lokhu kuni kuzinzuzo eziningana:
- yinto eqinile, enokwethenjelwa futhi ehlala njalo, ngakho lokhu kugeza kuzokwazi ukuma amashumi eminyaka;
- I-Larch imelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zefungi nezimpungushe, kanye nomswakama, ngakho-ke lolu huni aludingi ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngemishini yokuzivikela.
Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwe-larch kungabizwa ngokuthi intengo ephakeme, ngakho-ke okugeza kulo muthi kungatholakala kuphela endaweni yokuhlwanyela okukhulu kwesihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kukhuni kunesakhiwo esinamandla kakhulu futhi asifani ngokukhululeka kokucubungula. 
Oak
I-Oak ibhekwa njengento ehlukile. Izinkuni ezinjalo zinomthunzi omuhle kanye nomdwebo wokusika, unamandla amakhulu, ukumelana nomswakama, izinga lokushisa, ukhunta nokubola iminyaka emashumi.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokwazi ukwakha indlu yangasese, igumbi elingaphakathi kanye ne-veranda, kanye nokuthi ungenza kanjani i-brazier ngaphandle kwetshe, i-pergola, i-gazebo, indawo eyimpumputhe yendlu kanye ne-konkrettaway.
Kodwa-ke, le ndaba ayithathwa njengento elula ukuyisebenzisa, ngoba inesakhiwo esinamandla kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-oki yizinto ezibonakalayo ezinzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke lezi zakhiwo zinikeza ukushisa okukhulu. Ungakhohlwa ngezindleko eziphakeme ze-oki, ngakho-ke lokhu kugeza kungenzeka kuphela uma kwenzeka isabelomali esingenamkhawulo sokwakhiwa kwayo. 
Vula
I-Aspen yinto engathandwa kakhulu ekwakhiweni, ngoba inani lentengo kanye nekhwalithi yalezi zinkuni liphansi kunezinhlobo ezibalwe ngenhla zokhuni. Akulula ukwakha isakhiwo esenziwe nge-aspen, umuthi ngamunye ngamunye unamanani nobujamo bawo, ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa kwalokhu kukhuni kungenzeka kuphela ngemva kokucubungula ngokucophelela.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-aspen ayinamandla emibonweni ehlukahlukene yemvelo nezinambuzane, ngakho-ke lesi sihlahla sizoba mnyama eminyakeni embalwa, futhi isakhiwo ngokwayo ngeke sisebenziseke emashumini ambalwa eminyaka. Kodwa i-aspen inezinzuzo zayo: isihlahla sithatha ngokugcwele ama-varnishes kanye nopende; ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa okunjalo kunganikezwa ku-aesthetics yangaphandle ngaphandle kokuba namakhono akhethekile.
Uyazi? E-Rus Rus, i-aspen yayiyinto ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zokubhukuda, ngoba izinkuni ze-coniferous njengezinto zokwakha zaziyokwazi kuphela.
Amabhuloki wokwakhiwa kwamabhati
Izakhiwo ezivela emabhuloki yindlela ehle kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu ngokhuni ekuhleleni igumbi le-steam esakhiweni sayo. Lezi zinto zikuvumela ukuba udale ngokushesha isakhiwo esiqinile esizohlala ngaphezu konyaka owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo ezisuka emabhuloki zilula kakhulu ekudalweni, kanye nasekunakekeleni, ngoba njalo ngonyaka zithola ukuthandwa ngokwengeziwe.
Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nendlela yokumboza uphahla nge-tile yensimbi kanye ne-ondulin, kanye nokuthi ungenza kanjani uphahla lwamahlathi.Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zamabhuloki:
- eshibhile. Imiklamo yezinhlobo ezibizayo kakhulu zamabhuloki ayhibhile kakhulu kunezakhi ezenziwe nganoma iyiphi enye impahla;
- isisindo esincane sezakhiwo, okubangela ukukhishwa okuncane kwesakhiwo sonke;
- ukunethezeka nokuvinjelwa kokufakwa, ngakho-ke amakamelo okuqhuma emabhuloki angadalwa ngokwawo, engenalo ulwazi olukhethekile.
Kodwa kukhona izinto ezinjalo kanye nokushiyeka kwayo. Okokuqala, kungukuthi:
- ukungabi nokumelana nomswakama ophezulu kanye nezinguquko zokushisa okungazelelwe, okunciphisa ukuqina kwamabhuloki ngezinye izikhathi;
- le nto ayinayo ukuziphatha okuphansi kwe-thermal, ngakho-ke izakhiwo ezinjalo kumele zifakwe ngaphakathi;
- Izakhiwo zamabhuloki zidinga isisekelo esiqinile, okungenani ububanzi buka-70 cm (ezindaweni ezisenyakatho - okungenani imitha eyodwa);
- kokubili izindonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zalezo zakhiwo zidinga ukuqedwa okuphoqelekile.
Ikhonkri ekhishiwe
Ikhonkri ephazamisekile yikhiqidi yeselula ekhonktshi eyenziwe nge-samente, isihlabathi se-silika kanye nama-agent aphikisayo. Izingxenye ezinomile zokhonkolo okhishiwe zixutshwe ngokuphelele, bese zithelelwa emafomu akhethekile bese zengeza amanzi.
Ngaphansi kwethonya laso, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okusebenzayo kwenzeka, ngenxa yalokho isakhiwo esidingekayo sokwaziswa sidalwe. Ukuze uthuthukise amandla, ezinye izinhlobo zamabhlogo wegesi ziphathwa nge-steam kuma-autoclaves akhethekile.
Namuhla, kunenqwaba yezinhlobo zekhonkrithi ephazamisekile emakethe, ehlukile kokubili emkhakheni wabo kanye nemibandela yokusetshenziswa. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugeza kuyoba ngamabhuloki we-D500 brand. Unamandla okudingeka ukuze akhe izakhiwo ezihlala zihlala phansi. 
Izinzuzo zalezi zinto ziningi: lula ukufakwa, isisindo esincane, ukuqina, ukuphepha okukhulu komlilo. Kodwa azikho amaminithi amancane: ama-hygroscopicity amaningi, inani eliphakeme kakhulu (elihlobene nezinye izinhlobo zamabhuloki wokwakha), isidingo seglue ekhethekile ekhethiwe yokuvimba amabhlokhi.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukhetha ukhonkolo okhishiwe, ukhetho kufanele lunikezwe impahla eye yaphathwa ngaphambili nge-steam ephezulu kuma-autoclaves, ngoba kulokhu kuphela amabhlokhi azoba namandla anamandla nokumelana nokunyakaza.
Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bekhonkrithi ephazamisayo:
- amandla, kg / cm sq. - 5-20;
- conductivity ezishisayo, W / (m · K) - 0.15-0.3;
- ivolumu isisindo, kg / m 3 - 200-600;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa (inani lemigqa) - 50-75;
- i-shrinkage, mm / m - 1.5;
- ukumuncwa kwamanzi,% - 45.
I-gas silicate
I-silicate yegesi ingabizwa ngokuthi i-analogue enenzuzo kakhulu yekhonkrithi ekhishiwe. Lezi zinto zenziwe ngomgomo ofanayo nanjengaphambili, kodwa iqukethe isihlabathi se-quartz nesamba esincane se-lime njenge-binder.
Ngokungafani nokukhonkolo okwenziwe yi-aerated, ukuze uthole i-silicate ye-silicate ye-gesi, ama-blocks ayenziwa ngokuphathwa kogesi oluphezulu. Lezi zinto zinezinzuzo ezifanayo nezinkinga ezifana nekhonkrithi ekhishwe ngamanzi, kepha kusukela ekubukeni kwezobuchwepheshe ilahlekelwa kuyo.
Lapho ukulungisa i-robot, abaningi bafuna izimpendulo zemibuzo enjalo: ukukhipha upende endala kusuka ezindongeni, ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zephepha lodonga, ukufaka amafrimu amafasitela ebusika, indlela yokufaka umshini wokukhanya, ukuphuma kwamandla, nokuthi ungabeka kanjani ukushisa kwamanzi okugeleza kanye nesistimu ye-air conditioning.
Njengoba i-lime iyingxenye ye-silicate yegesi, lesi sikhwama sithatha ngokushesha umswakama futhi sichitha ngokushesha ngaphansi kwethonya layo. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezinjalo zidinga ukungena kwamanzi okucophelela nazo zonke izindleko ezengeziwe ezihambisanayo. 
Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe be-gas silicate:
- amandla, kg / cm sq. - 28-40;
- conductivity thermal, W / (m · K) - 0.1-0.2;
- ivolumu isisindo, kg / m 3 - 480-720;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa (inombolo yemijikelezo) - kuze kube ngu-50;
- i-shrinkage, mm / m - 0.3;
- ukumuncwa kwamanzi,% - 47.
Ukhonkolo lwe-Foam
Izivimbe ze-Foam zihlukile ekungeneni okuncane kwekhonkrete yamaseli. Zenziwa ngxube yensimu, i-samente namanzi, okwenziwe ngcono nge-foam kusuka ku-generator ekhethekile.
Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi le-steam, kungcono ukukhetha izinto zebanga D 600 noma ngaphezulu, ngoba ukukhonjiswa okunamandla okwesikhashana kusetshenziselwa kuphela njenge-heater. Ukhonkolo lwe-foam aluphansi kakhulu kunokhethi ketshezi noma i-gas silicate echazwe ngenhla ngokuqondene nezici zobuchwepheshe, kodwa inzuzo yabo enkulu kuyoba intengo. 
Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bokukhonjiswa kobuciko:
- amandla, kg / cm sq. - 10-50;
- conductivity thermal, W / (m · K) - 0.2-0.4;
- ivolumu isisindo, kg / m 3 - 450-900;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa (inombolo yemijikelezo) - kuze kufinyelele ku-25;
- shrinkage, mm / m - 0.6-1.2;
- ukumuncwa kwamanzi,% - 52.
Slag
I-slagstone iyisakhiwo sokwakha esenziwe ngesisekelo samakhemende samasheya, kanye nama-slags - imfucuza ekukhiqizeni amalahle nezinye izimboni. Lokhu kuyinto engabizi, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuvame ukuthwala umgomo ofanayo - ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-slag formations.
Noma kunjalo, i-block cinder ayiyona into engcono kakhulu yokwakha ibhuku. Ukuvimba okunjalo masinyane futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukutholela umswakama, futhi futhi akufani nokuqina okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zomswakama okhulayo. 
Ngisho ne-high-quality insulation, ibhuku elinjalo lizosebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15-20, emva kwalokho kuzodingeka ukulungiswa okukhulu.
Kubalulekile! I-slag ye-slag ayivunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa njengezinto zokwakha masinyane emva kokukhiqizwa, ngoba ama-slag akhipha izinto ezinobuthi obude isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kufanele ibekwe emoyeni ovulekile okungenani unyaka owodwa.
I-Sawdust ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesakhi esiyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloki e-cinder; kulesi simo, kungenzeka ukuthola okungabizi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nakho okungokwemvelo. Ukwakha izakhiwo ezilodwa-storey, izinto ezingaphansi kwe-M 75 ngeke zidingeke, ngoba izinketho ezingapheli zisetshenziswa kuphela njengokungeniswa kobuciko.
Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe be-block cinder:
- amandla, kg / cm sq. - 25-75;
- conductivity ezishisayo, W / (m · K) - 0.3-0.5;
- ivolumu isisindo, kg / m 3 - 500-1000;
- frost ukumelana (inani imijikelezo) - kuze kube 20;
- i-shrinkage, mm / m - 0;
- ukungena kwamanzi,% - 55.
I-Claydite
Amabhulogi ahlanganisiwe aphelele aphelele, kodwa i-analogue ephakeme yekhwalithi yamabhuloki e-cinder. Lezi zinto zenziwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-samente, kanye nobumba obunwetshiwe - ubumba lweqabunga elincinci lishiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile. Amabhuloki anwetshiwe anezinzuzo eziningi ezihlobene namabhuloki esisele asele.
Okokuqala, ubuhlobo bezemvelo, isisindo esincane, esicishe sigqede ngokuphelele ingozi yokuqothula. Кроме того этот материал имеет низкий процент водопоглощения, а также небольшую теплопроводность, что делает его практически идеальным вариантом для создания качественной, но недорогой парилки.
Если вы не знаете чем украсить свой участок, советуем почитать о том, как сделать водопад, альпийскую горку, фонтан, клумбы из камней и колесных шин, розарий, рокарий, сухой ручей.
Kodwa-ke, ilungiselelo lokugeza lizodinga amabhlolo we-brand M100-M150, njengoba ukukhonjiswa kwe-claydite engapheli kusetshenziselwa kuphela ukufakwa kwe-facade. Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bokukhonkolo keramsit:
- amandla, kg / cm sq. - 50-150;
- conductivity ezishisayo, W / (m · K) - 0.15-0.45;
- ivolumu isisindo, kg / m 3 - 700-1500;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa (inombolo yemijikelezo) - kuze kube ngu-50;
- i-shrinkage, mm / m - 0;
- ukumunwa okukodwa,% - 12.
Ibhokisi le-Ceramic
I-Ceramoblock ayiyona into evamile kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwanamuhla, kunokuba ingenhla, kepha ungabona ukuthi ibhajethi ibhekwa kuyo. Ama-Keramoblocks ayenobungane kakhulu, njengoba afaka samente kuphela, isanti, i-powam e-ceramic namanzi.
Kanye nezinto ezibalwe ngenhla, amabhlokhi anjalo ahlukaniswa ngezindleko eziphansi, kalula ukubeka, isisindo esincane, nokuqina. Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwendatshana ukuqhuba okuphezulu okushisa. 
Ukwengeza, akufanele ukhohlwe mayelana ne-fragility yezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakho-ke uma ufaka amabhulokhi e-ceramic, qiniseka ukuthi inani lemali elibhaliwe kuzodingeka likhuliswe okungenani u-5%. Yingakho ikhwalithi yalokhu ayifanele ukulondoloza, lo mkhiqizo akufanele ube ngaphansi kwe-M100.
Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bebhokisi le-ceramic:
- amandla, kg / cm sq. - 25-175;
- conductivity ezishisayo, W / (m · K) - 0.08-0.18;
- ivolumu isisindo, kg / m 3 - 650-1000;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa (inani lemijikelezo) - engaphezu kwama-50;
- i-shrinkage, mm / m - 0.3;
- ukumiswa kwamanzi,% - 10-15.
Kubalulekile! Ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloki kunikezela ukuqiniswa okwakhiwa kwempahla yensimbi yonke imigqa 2-3, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuqina kwesakhiwo kuncishiswe izikhathi eziningana. Lesi sici kufanele sicatshangelwe uma kudala izilinganiso.
Ibhuloho ye-Brick
Ibhuloho ye-Brick ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlela igumbi lomusi ekhaya. 
Ngosizo lwezitini, ungakha umklamo onokwethenjelwa nekhwalithi ephezulu oyojabulisa abanikazi bawo amashumi eminyaka. Yingakho inani elikhulayo labathandi bombhangqwana onika ukuphila likhetha lokho okushiwo.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-sauna yezitini yizi:
- ukwethembeka nokuhlala;
- coefficient yamanzi okunciphisa amanzi. Lokhu akugcini nje ekuqiniseni isakhiwo, kodwa futhi kusiza ukumelana nokuthuthukiswa kwefungi kanye namabhaktheriya ayingozi phezu kwezindonga;
- ukuhambisana nezimo. Isitini senza ukuthi sikwazi ukuyisebenzisa cishe noma yimuphi umgomo: kusukela ekwakhiweni kwezindonga, kuze kulungiselelwe isithando somlilo;
- ukuphela. Ngosizo lwezitini kungenzeka ukudala ukuklama kwanoma yisiphi isakhiwo nobukhulu;
- lula. Izitini kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi zilondoloze, ngaphandle kwalokho kuwubuhle obuhle futhi abudingi inhlobonhlobo yangaphakathi nokuhlobisa kwangaphandle;
- ukuphepha okukhulu komlilo. Ngisho nasezikhungweni ezibucayi, isitini asikwazi ukushaya indiza, okwenza kube yinto enhle (kusukela ekuboneni kokuphepha komlilo);
- ubungane bemvelo. Ukwakhiwa kwezitini kuhlanganisa inani eliphakeme lezingxenye zemvelo.
- izindleko eziphezulu. Ngisho nokwakhiwa kwezitini okulula kuzoba kubiza kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa kwezingodo noma ukuvimba;
- high conductivity ezishisayo. Lokhu kuhlasela kabi ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli, kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu sokushisa ukugeza kanye nokufezwa kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Ngokwesiko, ekwakheni amabhati kumkhuba wokwakhiwa wanamuhla, isitini esibomvu sisetshenziswa. Ukwakhiwa kwamakamelo okushisa kusebentisa tinhlobo letinyenti tabo: nanobe baphatsa umsebenti lovamile, kudzingeka basetshenziselwe kuphela tinhloso letikhetsekile.
Lezi yizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ipayipi, izinhlobo ze-ceramic nezomlilo. Okulandelayo, sibheka ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kunesidingo nemisebenzi ngayinye yalezi zinto..
Kubalulekile! Isitini esibhakabhakwe ngokufaneleko sinomthunzi ofanayo phakathi kwevolumu, futhi uma ishaywa ngesando isichazamazwi "izindandatho". Uma engekho lezi zibonakaliso, indaba kumele ilahlwe.
Iphayiphu (i-corpulent)
Umsebenzi wezitini ze-tube ukukhipha imfucumfucu evuthayo evela ekushiseni komlilo ngesikhathi sokuvutha kwesithando somlilo. Lokhu mhlawumbe ngenye yezinto zokwakha ezimbalwa ezikwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi onjalo ngaphandle kokubonakala emiphumeleni emibi yezinguquko zokushisa okungazelelwe.
Yenziwe ingxube ekhethekile yobumba, ngaphansi kokucindezela okumile okomile. Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukuthola umkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu, ubuso obushelelekile nobukhulu obuqinile. Lokhu kunomthelela ekusungulweni kobunzima obuhle bokususwa kwezidakamizwa zokushisa.
Namuhla, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezitini ezinjalo emakethe, kodwa-ke, izitini zepayipi kuphela ezizofaneleka kakhulu. Naphezu kwentengo ephezulu yezinto ezingenalutho, ezimweni zokushisa eziphakeme ukusebenzisa izinto eziphambene nezidakamizwa akukhuthazwa, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukubhujiswa kwayo. 
Kodwa-ke, ukuphelela kwento akuyona eyisihluthulelo se-chimney esithembekile. Ngaphansi kwezimo zamazinga okushisa aphakeme, amandla adlala indima eqinile ekugcineni ubuqotho besakhiwo, ngakho-ke, ukukhetha okungcono kungaba yitini engekho ngaphansi kwebanga le-M200.
Izici ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zezitini zamapayipi:
- amandla, kg / cm sq. - 75-300;
- conductivity ezishisayo, W / (m · K) - 0.3-0.8;
- ivolumu isisindo, kg / m 3 - 1500 - 1900;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa (inani lemijikelezo) - engaphezu kwama-75;
- ukushisa ukushisa, ° C - kufika ku-1000;
- i-shrinkage,% - 5;
- ukumuncwa kwamanzi,% - 10.
I-Ceramic (ipayipi)
Isitini se-céramikhi yensimbi iyinhlobo yezitini ezingenalutho, esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-2-3 phansi. Yenziwe ngezixazululo ezikhethekile zobumba ezitholakala ekushiseni okushisa okukhulu emafenini ekushiseni okungaba ngu-1000 ° C.
Lezizinto zokwakha azifani nakancane ekubunjweni okuvela kubitini obuqinile be-ceramic futhi kunezinzuzo ezifanayo nezinkinga ezifanayo. 
Inzuzo ezuzisayo yezitena ezinjalo izindleko eziphansi. Ngamanye amafomu okukhiqizwa kwempahla anezinhlamvu ezincane, okudala izigxobo ezibonakalayo ezitini ngalinye, okuholela ekunciphiseni inani lemishini yokukhiqiza, futhi nalokhu - inani lokugcina leyunithi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala kwemithini kuthuthukisa ikhono lokuvikela umkhiqizo, ngakho igumbi le-steam lesitini elingenalutho liyashesha kakhulu kunokuba liphelele. Kukhona izitini ezinjalo kanye nezinselelo eziningi.
Uyazi? Igumbi elikhulu lomshayeli lihlala edolobheni laseJalimane laseSinsheim, indawo yalo liyi-160 square metres. amamitha
Okokuqala, amandla amancane, kanye nekhono lokuwa ngaphansi kwethonya lokuswakama okuphezulu. Lokhu kuholela ekunyuseni kwezindleko zokuqeda izinga eliphakeme nokukhishwa kwemfutho, kungenjalo ukuqina kwesakhiwo kunciphise kakhulu. Uhlobo oluhle lwesitini esingenalutho ekwakhiweni kokugeza kuyoba ibanga elingelona liphansi kune-M200. 
Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bezitini ezingenalutho:
- amandla, kg / cm sq. - 75-300;
- conductivity ezishisayo, W / (m · K) - 0.2-0.5;
- ivolumu isisindo, kg / m 3 - 1300 - 1500;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa (inani lemijikelezo) - engaphezu kwama-75;
- ukushisa ukushisa, ° C - kufika ku-1000;
- i-shrinkage,% - 5;
- ukumuncwa kwamanzi,% - 10.
Uyazi? Ezinsukwini zakudala, ukuze kunqunywe izinga lezitini, kwafakwa izitini ezingu-600 kwi-pallet yamapulangwe, emva kwalokho i-pallet yaphakanyiswa kwaphakama cishe ngamamitha amabili, wabe esehlaselwa phansi. Uma ngabe okungenani ukuphuka, yonke inkatho inqatshiwe.
I-fireproof (i-chamotte)
Ukumelana nomlilo, noma i-shamotny, izitini zisetshenziswe njengetshe, namabhati okubumba njengesizathu sokukhiqizwa kwesithando somlilo. Lona kuphela impahla yokwakha engakwazi ukumelana nemiphumela eqondile yomlilo. 
Yenziwe ngengxube yobumba obukhethekile bokubumba kanye nezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene (i-coke, i-graphite powders, ama-kartel amakhulu ama-quartz, njll.), I-calcined ekushiseni kwe-1300 ... 1500 ° C. Inikeza ithuba lokuthola ukumelana namaconsi aphezulu okushisa nokubonakala okuqinile.
Emakethe yanamuhla kukhona ubuningi bezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitini zomlilo (ShA, ShB, ShAK, ShUS, ShV, PV kanye nePB). Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi le-steam ekhaya, izinto ezizuzisa kakhulu kuzoba yi-ShB-5 ne-ShB-8. Lona okuthiwa izitini zomlilo weklasi B, okukwazi ukubhekana nokushisa okungaphezulu kuka-1,400 ° C.
Lena enye yezinhlobo ezishibhile kakhulu zezitini ezikhanyelayo, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, lokhu kukhetho kuyoba yindlela enhle ngokulandela intengo nekhwalithi.
Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bezitini ezikhanyelayo:
- amandla, kg / cm sq. - 100-150;
- conductivity thermal, W / (m · K) - 0.6-0.9;
- ivolumu isisindo, kg / m 3 - 1800-2000;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa (inombolo yemijikelezo) - kuze kube ngu-50;
- ukushisa ukushisa, ° C - kufika ku-1500;
- i-shrinkage,% - 5;
- ukumiswa kwamanzi,% - 5-8.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuba ukubeka izitini zokucima umlilo usebenzisa ingxube yokushisa emlilweni noma ubumba obunamafutha. Ama-cement alula aphuza ngokushesha bese ewela ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okuphezulu.
Ukugeza ngamatshe: izinzuzo nezingozi
Amatshe ekwakhiweni yiyona ndlela engcono kakhulu kulezo zifunda lapho kutholakala khona izinkuni akulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhuku lokubhuku libukeka lihle futhi lingavamile, elizosiza ekwakheni igumbi lomoya eliyingqayizivele ngempela.
Izinzuzo zelitshe lamatshe, ngaphezu kwakho konke, yilo:
- intengo ephansi;
- ukufinyeleleka;
- ukuphepha okukhulu komlilo;
- ukuhlala;
- isilinganiso se-low shrinkage.
Lezi zihlanganisa:
- inkimbinkimbi kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yobukhulu obungalingani bamatshe, kunzima kakhulu ukwakha isakhiwo esifanele kunokuba kubhite noma izinkuni;
- izindleko eziphezulu. Ngisho nokugeza okubaluleke kunawo wonke kuyoba kubiza kakhulu kunamatshe, njengoba igumbi elinjalo lomqhubi lidinga izinto eziningi ezihlobene;
- high conductivity ezishisayo. Itshe ligcina ukushisa okufudumalayo, ngakho-ke ukushisa kwekhwalithi yezinga lokugezela kuthatha umyalelo wokuphakama kwamandla kagesi kunamakamelo okuqhuma okwenziwa kwezinye izinto;
- ukuphelelwa kwegesi ephansi. Ukugeza ngamatshe kudinga isistimu ye-ventilation ephezulu ukuze kugweme ukuqhuma umoya;
- umklamo ophelele ngokweqile. Izindonga zamanzi okugeza ngamatshe zakhiwa ngobukhulu obungenani ngamasentimitha angama-75, okuyinto ephazamisa kakhulu isikhala esidingekayo sokwakhiwa.
Ukukhetha okulungile
Namuhla, ezimweni zamakethe zanamuhla, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwezinto zokugeza emakhaya akulula, ngoba kubathengi abaningi basekhaya umbuzo wokufaneleka kwemali owenziwe awukona nje kuphela okuphuthumayo, kodwa futhi uyisici esiyinhloko ekuhlelweni kwesabelomali.
Ake sihlaziye konke okushiwo ngenhla futhi sithole ukuthi iyiphi indawo engcono kakhulu yokwakha ibhuku, futhi yiziphi izinto ezingcono ukuzinqaba. Ukwakhiwa kwekhwalithi ephakeme kune-sauna yamapulangwe (iphayini, i-spruce).
Ibhuku lokubhuku lizobhekana ngokugcwele nayo yonke imisebenzi eyabelwe yona, lizokwenza imizwa eminingi emihle, kanye nezinzwa ezimnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli gumbi lomusi libukeka limibalabala futhi lizohlala emashumini ambalwa eminyaka.
Ividiyo: indlela yokukhetha izinto zokwakha amabhati
Uma kungekho imali eyengeziwe, kungenzeka ukwakha ibhuloho elisuka emabhuloki wokwakha - kufanele ukhokhele ukunakekelwa kokotini obumba. Lokhu okushiwo akukona nje ukuqhuba okuphansi kwe-thermal nokuqina, kodwa futhi kwenza kube lula ukuba ngokushesha futhi ngokungabi nakakhulu ukudala igumbi eligcwele le-steam lanoma yisiphi isayizi nokuphakama.
Kodwa-ke, ekuphishekeleni izinto ezishibhile, akufanele ukhethe izinto ezishibhile kakhulu, ngoba lezo zakhiwo ngeke zigcine kuphela amashumi eminyaka, kodwa futhi zibangele izinkinga eziningi kokuqukethwe. Ngakho-ke, ukugeza kwe-aspen, i-foam ivala noma i-cinder block ukwakha kusayithi lakho akufanelekile.
Kulesi simo, ngisho nemodi yokuphambana, emva kweminyaka engu-10-15, igumbi lakho le-steam lingakwazi ukungafaneleki ngokuphelele. Ukugeza okufanelekile - lokhu kungcono kakhulu okungajabulisa kakhulu ebusika ebusika ngezinye izikhathi e-cottage yabo ehlobo.
Namuhla, kunezinto eziningi ongayenza ukugeza okuphephile ngezandla zakho nje ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje. Kodwa-ke, uma ungenayo imali eyengeziwe esitokisini, ukwakha ibhuku kungcono ukuhlehliswa isikhathi esilandelayo, ngoba igumbi lesigesi eshibhile maduze liyoba ikhanda elibi kakhulu.
Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi
