Cishe bonke abalimi bakhulisa izithombo ezingadini zasekhaya. Kungokwalabo bezitshalo ezinengqondo, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuthi kube nezifo nezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Kepha akasenaso isivikelo ngokuphelele. Uma umlimi enganikeli ukunakwa okungenani okuncane, kungenzeka ukuthi izifo zikhunta noma izinambuzane zizokhula. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwazi izimpawu zomlingiswa, ukwazi ukubona inkinga futhi wazi ukuthi ungamelana kanjani nayo. Esikhathini sokuqala, njengomthetho, kunemithi eyanele yabantu, kwezinye izimo kuzodingeka ukusebenzisa "artillery esindayo" ngendlela yamakhemikhali.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuvikela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo nokuhlaselwa kwezilokazane ezingena ngerash
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa esifushane singenye yezinzuzo zesithombo. Izinhlobo eziningi zesikhunta, amagciwane namagciwane, amaqanda nezibungu zezinambuzane azinaso isikhathi sokuhamba kwesikhathi sokufaka ukuze zibangele ukulimala okukhulu kokutshala. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi, ngokomqondo, amasiko awanakuhlushwa yizifo nezinambuzane.
Ukugwema imiphumela emibi ngendlela yokulahleka kwesilimo, kungakuhle ukuthi unake njalo izindlela zokuthibela. Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi kuzo, zizothatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu. Kepha imicimbi enjalo, ehambisana nobuchwepheshe obunobuchule bezolimo, iyenza icishe iqinisekiswe ukuvikela ukufikelwa "kwezivakashi" ezingafuneki.
Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekukhuleni kwama-radicals, kepha lesi sitshalo asivikelekile ekulimazelweni yizifo nasekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane.
Ukuhlola ngokucophelela imibhede okungenani kanye ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5 kuyasiza ukuthola inkinga ngesikhathi. Esikhathini sokuqala sokutheleleka, njengomthetho, ukuze ubhekane nakho, amakhambi abantu abanele angenangozi empilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo. Amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi lawo okungewona awamalungiselelo wemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo, awathandeki kakhulu ekwelapheni ama-radish. Isiko liqala ukuvuthwa, izinto ezilimazayo ziqongelela ezitshalweni zezimpande.
Izitshalo ezingakwazi ukumelana nokugula okuhle zigula kaningi kunalezo ezibuthakathaka kuzo. Ukufaka imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kusisombululo sanoma iyiphi i-biostimulant kuyayithinta. Umphumela ofanayo uyatholakala kuzo zombili izidakamizwa ezithengiwe esitolo (i-Epin, i-potassium humate, i-Emistim-M), namakhambi abantu (ujusi we-aloe, uju, i-presinic acid). Kepha ukweqile kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini kuhlinzeka ngomphumela ophambene, kwenza buthaka izitshalo. Lokhu kukhula okuphezulu kumithamo emikhulu kunomphumela owodwa ongemuhle - isithombo siqala ukwakha amahlamvu ngokulimaza izitshalo zezimpande. Qinisa i-potassium nokungavikeleki kwe-immune. Umthombo wazo wemvelo uthuthu lomlotha.
Ngokuvimbela izifo zokukhunta, imbewu itshalwa imizuzu engama-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ngaphambi kokutshala kwisisombululo sanoma isiphi isikhunta semvelaphi yemvelo. Izidakamizwa ezivame kakhulu yiStrobi, Tiovit-Jet, Alirin-B, Bayleton.
Ukugcwala imbewu ngesixazululo se-fung fung - ukuvikela ngempumelelo kwezifo zokukhunta
Isimo esidingekayo sokuthola isivuno esiningi escebeni sakho siqu siwukujikeleza kwezitshalo. Isithombo seminyaka engama-3-4 akumele sitshalwe lapho ezinye izilimo ezivela emndenini weCrccerous kade zikhule khona ngaphambili (zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi, itheniphu, isithombo, i-rutabaga, itheniphu, i-daikon). Ngokuvamile, noma nini lapho kungenzeka, abekwa kude nomunye. Badonsa izakhi zomzimba ezifanayo emhlabathini, bahlushwa izifo ezifanayo. Ukhula oluningi olusetshenziswa ngamagciwane “njengesisekelo sokudluliselwa” nalo lingelomndeni. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukhula njalo.
Iklabishi, njengamanye amaCrcifers, liyisendlalelwano esingesihle somakhelwane futhi ongumakhelwane wamarada
Imbewu enesithombo itshalwe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngotshalo obukhulu, izifo zisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Izitshalo azifakwanga umoya, nazo ezilimazayo. Ukunisela okufanele nakho kubalulekile. Amaconsi amaqabunga neziqu kufanele kugwenywe.
Ekwindla, bambe umbhede noma okungenani bawukhulule ngokujulile. Lokhu kusiza ukubhubhisa izinhlamvu zokukhunta ubusika enhlabathini, amaqanda nezibungu zezinambuzane. Yonke imfucumfucu yesitshalo iqoqwa futhi ishiswe. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa umquba omusha njengokugqoka okuphezulu. Kuyindawo ekahle yokuzalanisa kubo, futhi kusiza nokugcina ukushisa okubandakanyeka eqandeni.
Ukumba imibhede ekwindla kusiza ekubhubhiseni amaqanda nezibungu zezinambuzane eziningi ezazizobusika enhlabathini
Izifo eziqondene namasiko
Isithombo asinazo izifo ezithile. Imvamisa, kuthinteka izifo ezihlasela kakhulu, ukhukhamba noma ezingamagciwane ezingadluli noma yiziphi izilimo zasengadini ngokujwayelekile noma izitshalo ezivela emndenini weCorciferous.
IBelle yezitshalo zamaklabishi (ukugqwala okumhlophe)
Zonke izitshalo zeCrcferous zihlupheka ngokwezinga elithile noma kwesinye ngalesi sifo, kepha isithombo, ama-horseradish nama-turnips athinteka kaningi ukwedlula iklabishi. Kuyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni ezincane. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula kwesikhunta licishe libe ngu-15 ° C. Enye into ebeka engcupheni isimo sezulu esipholile semvula noma ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa, okubangela inkungu futhi / noma amazolo asindayo.
Isithombo sihlushwa ukugqwala okumhlophe kaningi kunezinye ezibethelwa
Kubonakala amabala aluhlaza okhanyayo ngaphambili kweshidi. Izicubu kulezi zindawo ziyaqina, kancane kancane ziba nsundu bese zifa. Ama-pustule afana nefomu lamathumba ngaphakathi. Iqabunga elibazungezile liyajuluka. Lapho "bedabula", umucu omhlophe, obenamafutha ocwebezelayo uyabonakala, kube sengathi ufaka upende. Ezilwanyelweni zezimpande, uma zinesikhathi sokuvuthwa, kukhona ukuhluma okufana nalawo okuwuphawu lwe-keel. Isithombo singaba umbala, isiqu siqala ukugxagxuma kakhulu, sibe yinto efana nezimpondo zenyamazane. Uma kungenziwa lutho, liyoma futhi life.
Ngomonakalo omkhulu, ama-fungicides wemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo asetshenziswa - i-Ridomil-Gold, Ditan-M, Folicur. Amakhambi e-Folk ayasebenza ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwalesi sifo nokuvimbela. Lokhu, isibonelo, isixazululo esikhanyayo se-pink se-potassium permanganate, umlotha we-soda noma i-baking soda, isalfa ye-colloidal (i-10-15 g nge-10 l). Ukwenza isixazululo "sinamathele" ezitshalweni eziphathisiwe sibe ngcono, engeza insipho encanyana ewuketshezi noma amashafa sensipho (3-5 ml noma i-10-15 g) kuyo. Izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela izifo zenziwa njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-7-10 (noma kaningi uma lina njalo). Ukuze ulwe nalesi sifo, ama-radish afafazwa ngezikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5.
I-potassium permanganate - enye yama-disinfectants ejwayelekile
Wonke
Isifo esithile esiyingozi kakhulu kubo bonke abakwaCreatciferous. Umgcini wegadi angalahlekelwa okungenani yisigamu sesivuno esiphelele. Imvamisa, imvamisa inyamalala ngokuphelele. Umenzeli we-causative wefungus akavamile kakhulu. Kulezo mibhede lapho i-keel izibonakalise khona, izitshalo ezingase zibe negciwane zingatshalwa iminyaka engu-8-10. Unganciphisa le nkathi ibe yiminyaka engama-4-5 ngokubeka utamatisi, amazambane, amabhungane nanoma iyiphi iLegumes lapho.
I-Kila - isifo esithinta kuphela izitshalo ezivela emndenini weCrcciferous
Engxenyeni esemoyeni yesitshalo, i-keel ayiveli. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa (izinsuku ezingama-20 kuye kwengama-30), ama-outrowths osayizi abahlukahlukene ngesimo sebhola noma amila enwebezelayo akhiwa ezimpandeni nasezimpandeni zezitshalo. Kancane kancane baphenduka baba nsundu bese bebola. Isiqu siphenduka siphuzi, amaqabunga omile bese alala phansi, njengoba isitshalo singatholi amanzi anele nezakhi zomzimba.
Izici ezithandekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwama-keels zivama kakhulu futhi / noma ukuthambisa okuningi, umhlabathi osindayo ongafanele, lapho umswakama uqina khona isikhathi eside, i-acidity ye-substrate, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (kusuka ku-25 ° C). Kepha awukwazi ukukhohlwa ngokuphelele ngokunisela - i-keel ibangela ukulimala okukhulu ngesikhathi sesomiso eside. Lesi sifo sisabalala ngembewu ethelelekile, inhlabathi, umquba, sithwalwa yizibungu ezihlala emhlabathini. Awuthinti kuphela "i-cultured" Cruciferous, kodwa futhi neyakhula endle (isikhwama sikamalusi, i-colza).
Ukuchelela okufanele kwama-radish kusiza ukunciphisa kancane kancane umonakalo owenziwe esitshalweni se-keel.
Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi isithombo sincane kakhulu esithintwa yi-keel ngesikhathi sokutshala kokuqala. Ukuthola isisombululo se-Cumulus kuyasiza nokugwema ukutheleleka.
Izindlela zokwelapha i-keel azikakhiwa. Ukugcizelela okukhulu kufanele kubekwe ezindleleni zokuvimbela. Izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, inhlabathi iyakhululwa, ivalwe ngomlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe, noma iniselwe ubisi olubizwa ngokuthi yi-lime (izingilazi ezimbili zikalamende kagesi ngo-10 l wamanzi). Ungase futhi ucubungule umbhede ngesisombululo seCarbation (40 g nge-10 l) noma iFundazole (10 g ngalinye nge-10 l).
Zisakaze uMose
Isifo esiyingozi esiyingozi segciwane esithinta izitshalo eziningi zasengadini. Izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa ukutheleleka zisele emuva ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni, amaqabunga ayonakalisiwe futhi mancane. Uhlangothi olungaphambili lwesitsha seqabunga lumbozwe ngotshani noma amabala aluhlaza aphuzi aphuma phakathi kwemithambo. Ngokuya ngokuthi yiliphi igciwane elithile elithelele lesi sitshalo, zingathatha isimo semibuthano, imivimbo, amabala angular. Kancane kancane, lezi izicubu ziba mnyama bese ziyafa. Imithambo nayo iba mnyama.
I-Mose of radish isifo segciwane, okwamanje azikho izindlela zokwelashwa kwaso
Ngosizo lwezindlela zesimanje, akunakwenzeka ukuqeda igciwane le-mosaic. Ukuphela kwendlela yokumisa ukusabalala kwayo ukususa zonke izitshalo ezithintekile embhedeni uzishise ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuvikela okungcono ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo okunekhono nokugcina imibhede ihlanzekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki kwesitshalo ngokufika ngesikhathi nangesilinganiso esifanele, ukwenza umanyolo ofanele. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ye-radish iyanconywa ukuba ifakwe kwikhambi leRovral, Horus, Topaz. Izithwali zaleli gciwane zinambuzane eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-weevil, ama-aphid, imikhaza. Akumele sikhohlwe ngokulwa nabo.
Ukuthola isisombululo sikaRovral kuyindlela enhle yokuvimbela, kepha hhayi ukuvikelwa okuqinisekisiwe ngokumelene negciwane le-mosaic
I-Powdery hlobo
Isifo esijwayelekile kakhulu, asikho isiko elilodwa lengadi esivikelekile kulo. Amaqabunga kanye ne-petioles embozwe ungqimba we-powdery whitish noma i-paley grey ephukile, efana nofulawa osakazekile. Uma kungenziwa lutho, kuba mnyama futhi kushintshe umbala, kuphenduke amabala amakhulu ansundu anamabala amnyama ngaphezulu. Izicubu ezithintwe ukhunta ziyafa, ifomu lezimbobo. Amapuleti eshidi awonakalisiwe. Njengomthetho, amaqabunga asondele enhlabathini aba ngowokuqala ukutheleleka.
I-Powdery isikhutha emaqabungeni ibonakala iyindlela yokudambisa engenangozi engenakusulwa kalula, kepha empeleni iyisifo esiyingozi
Imvamisa, ama-radves athinteka yi-Powdery isikhutha esishisayo nasendaweni sezulu esishisayo. Enye into ebeka engcupheni izinguquko ezingazelelwe zokushisa. Isikhunta sisakazwa ngumoya, ngamaconsi amanzi, ekuxhumaneni ngqo kwezitshalo ezithelelekile futhi zinempilo. Ukukhiqiza kwehle ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu, futhi ikhwalithi yezitshalo ezimpande iyancipha.
Ngokuvimbela i-powdery hlobo, njengomthetho, amakhambi abantu abanele. Isithombo sifafazwa okungenani kanye ngeviki ngesisombululo sesibabule se-colloidal, ukumiliselwa komlotha wezinkuni, ubisi omuncu noma iyogathi, kufakwe emanzini, i-decoction yama-rhizomes amahashe. Uma isikhathi sesivele sesilahlekile futhi isikhunta sesisabalale ama-masse, amalungiselelo asebenzisa ithusi, ama-fungicides, asetshenziswa. Isipiliyoni sabalimi sibonisa ukuthi umphumela omuhle kakhulu ekulweni ne-Powdery hlobo unikezwa ngu-Skor, Quadris, Rayek, Fundazim. Ezidakamizweni zemvelaphi yemvelo - Alirin-B, Gamair, Planriz. Kepha abanye bathembela kumakhambi amadala ahlolwe isikhathi eside - i-zethusi sulfate, i-Bordeaux ewuketshezi.
Umlotha wezinkuni awugcini nje ngomthombo we-potassium ne-phosphorus, usiza ekubhubhiseni inqwaba yesikhunta se-pathogenic
Ividiyo: ungazivikela kanjani izitshalo ku-powdery hlobo
I-Peronosporosis (Downy isikhutha)
Izimpawu zokuziphatha zibonakaliswa ikakhulu emaqabungeni. Zimbozwa ngamabala amancane ama-angular anendawo enamafutha. Kancane kancane, imibala yabo iyashintsha kusuka kusaladi iye ku-straw ophuzi nensundu emnyama. Uma isimo sezulu simanzi, uhlangothi olungalungile lweshidi lidonswa ungqimba oluqhubekayo lwe-mauve-plaque, lokukhumbuza ukuzizwa. Yonke inqubo ithatha izinsuku eziyi-10-13.
I-Peronosporosis iba ngokushesha ngokwanele, ngakho-ke unganqikazi ukuthatha izinyathelo
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ama-radish afafazwa kabili ngesikhathi sokukhula nge-boric acid ehlanjululwe emanzini (i-10-15 g nge-10 l) noma iPseudobacterin, iRizoplan. Ukusuka kumakhambi abantu, ukumiselwa kwe-anyanisi noma imicibisholo yegalikhi, umhlonyane uyasetshenziswa. Imbewu ifakwe kwisisombululo seBud, i-Engengen, i-potassium humate, i-Fitosporin-M. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, basebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifanayo ezinconyelwe ukubhujiswa kwesikhunta esidala i-powdery hlobo.
I-Garlic - isitshalo esikhiqiza ukuguquguquka, sibulale isikhunta se-pathogenic
Ukubola okumpunga
Amabala ansundu afiphele ezimpandeni, adonsela ngokushesha engxenyeni ethi "fluffy" grey-grey-greyene "namachashazi" amnyama. Izicubu ezingaphansi zithambisa futhi zibole, isiqu kanye ne-petioles ziba namanzi, amaqabunga alahlekelwa ithoni yawo. Isiza ekuthuthukiseni umswakama ophezulu wesifo ngokuhambisana nokushisa komoya okuphansi.
Kukhona noma yiziphi izithelo ezithintwe yi-grey bola, awukwazi
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kokubola okungwevu, izinkuni zomlotha zingeniswa ngezikhathi ezithile emhlabathini, izitshalo zidilizwa ngesibabule se-colloidal noma nge-carbon eyenziwe isebenze. Zingahle futhi zifafazwe nge-mustard powder noma iodine ihlanjululwe ngamanzi (amaconsi angama-50 noma ama-10 nge-10 l, ngokulandelana). Amakristalu amaningana we-potassium permanganate afakwa emanzini okunisela kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10. Kuyasiza ukuzungeza ingadi ngezitshalo ezikhiqiza ama-phytoncides emvelo - ama-marigolds, ama-marigold, ama-nasturtiums.
Marigolds - hhayi kuphela sihle, kodwa futhi isitshalo ewusizo kakhulu
Uma i-grey rot ibonwa ngesikhathi, izitshalo nenhlabathi ziphathwa ngalesi sixazululo esilandelayo - ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi athatha ingilazi yomlotha wezinkuni notshalo ochotshoziwe, engeza i-10-12 ml ye-sulfate yethusi. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka ngobuningi, kusetshenziswa iTeldor, Horus, switch, Gamair izidakamizwa. Kepha lokhu akuqinisekisi impumelelo.
I-bacterial bacteriosis
Imvamisa, lesi sifo sithinta izitshalo zabantu abadala, izithombo azithinteki. Imithambo emaqabungeni iba mnyama, bese amabala wombala ofanayo asakazeka azungeze. Ipuleti lamaqabunga liphenduka liphuzi, kube sengathi "liyabuna." Ukukhula okuyisidina kwehlisa ijubane, ama-petioles akhubazekile.
I-bacterial bacteriosis ivame kakhulu ukuthinta isithombo esidala esivele sesisungwini sokukhiqizwa kwezimpande
Izici zobungozi - umswakama ophezulu, ukushisa, ukuba khona komonakalo wemishini. Lesi sifo sithwalwa yizinambuzane, imvula. I-bacterium ehlala imfucumfucu yesitshalo, umquba ongatholakali, igcinwa ezinhlanyelweni ezivela ezitshalweni ezithelelekile, igcina ukusebenza kwezinkathi ezi-2-3. Uma ufuna ukubulala amagciwane, ukutshala izinto ngaphambi kokutshala kufakwa emanzini ashisayo (ama-45-50 ° C) imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, izithombo ezingama-radish zifafazwa nge-Planriz noma iTrichodermin. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokutheleleka, ama-radash angalondolozwa ngokuyelapha ngeBinoram noma i-Phytolavin. Uma lesi sifo sesihambile ekukhuleni kwaso, izitshalo ngeke zisasizwa.
I-Phytolavin isidakamizwa esidumile esithuthukisa ukungasebenzi kwezitshalo.
"Umlenze Omnyama"
Isifo fungal esithinta ikakhulukazi amahlumela amancane. Abantu abadala, izitshalo eziqinile zinokumelana okwanele. Isisekelo sesiqu simnyama kanye namathanga, izithombo zilele emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesisindo sazo.Amaqabunga aphuzi, isitshalo siyoma. Lesi sifo sikhula ngokushesha, njengomthetho, izitshalo ezithintekile ngeke sisasiza. Kepha kungenzeka ukuvikela ukuvela 'komlenze omnyama'.
"Umlenze omnyama" ungancisha umlimi isivuno esisheshayo esesivele sisenkingeni yokuqhuma
Isinyathelo sokuvimbela esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthambisa okufanele. I-fungus ibuye ithande umoya omusha (lapho ikhula ama-radish endaweni ebamba ukushisa, idinga ukufakwa umoya omncane njalo), ukushisa ne-acid substrate. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngesikhathi, hhayi ngaphambili. Ukushisa okuphansi kanye nokuntuleka kokukhanya kuthinta kabi ukungavikeleki kwezitshalo.
Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ngaphambi kokutshala. Amanzi afakwe ngaphakathi kwe-infusion yegalikhi gruel, isixazululo esimnyama se-potassium permanganate. Inhlabathi embhedeni ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuba isithombo ithululwe ngesisombululo sesibabule se-colloidal noma amanzi ashisayo, futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kwenqubo, ufafaze ungqimba olunesihlabathi esincane. Amalahle ahlanganisiwe noma ushoko uthulwelwa ngeziqu zezithombo ezavela, izitshalo ngokwazo zidliwe ngomlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe. Amanzi wokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile athathelwa indawo ngesisombululo se-Fitosporin-M noma i-Bactofit, anciphise ukugxilwa kwawo ngesigamu uma kuqhathaniswa nomenzi otuswayo. Amakhambi e-Folk - ukumnika kwe-onion husks noma ama-marigolds aluhlaza.
Ukufakwa kwe-anyanisi husks - indlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela "umlenze omnyama"
Ukuthola ukuthi izitshalo eziningana sezithelelekile, kunciphisa kakhulu ukuthambisa kube okungenani okudingekayo, okuvumela inhlabathi ukuba ome kahle. Inhlabathi iyakhululwa, yethula inqubo yemiganu yeTrichodermin, Gliocladin, Barrier.
Ividiyo: izindlela zokubhekana "nomlenze omnyama"
Izinambuzane Ezijwayelekile Esinobuthi
Kunezinambuzane eziningi ezingadala umonakalo omkhulu ku-radish. Lezi zinambuzane, zithinta kuphela i-Cruciferous, kanye ne "omnivorous", ezihlasela ezinye izitshalo zasengadini eziningi.
I-Cruciferous flea
Encane (kufika ku-0,3 cm ubukhulu) izimbungulu ezimnyama, ziphonsa elangeni igolide, ziphenduka amaqabunga ama-radish abe ngesihlungo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Banekhono lokuhlehla kahle, ngenxa yokuthi bahamba amabanga amade kakhulu ngokushesha okukhulu. Ebusika, inkathazo ilinda ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi, ngaphansi kwamahlamvu. Izinsikazi zezinsalela ezibethelwayo zibeka amaqanda emaqabungeni, izibungu eziqhekeza kuzo zidla izimpande zezitshalo. Izinambuzane azikuthandi ukushisa nomswakama ophezulu, kulesimo sezulu umsebenzi wazo wehla kakhulu.
Ekushiseni, ikakhulukazi uma lina njalo, umsebenzi wethambo lokubethelwa uncipha kakhulu
Ukuze wesabise induna ebethelwe esiphambanweni emibhedeni, inhlabathi lapho kwavela khona amahlumela afafazwa ngengxube yemlotha efafaziwe enamaqabunga kagwayi omisiwe, upelepele womhlabathi, i-mustard powder. Ungavele uvimbele inkathazo ukuthi ingangeni engadini uma uyiqinisa nganoma iyiphi impahla embozwe umoya emhlophe. Ngenkathi yokukhula, ama-radish aphathwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 ngokufakwa kweqabunga le-dandelion, iziqongo zamatamatisi noma amazambane, uviniga oxutshwe emanzini (25-30 ml ka-element l 10). Eduze kwembhede yemibhede kuzungezwe isithiyo se-naphthalene.
I-Cruciferous flea ayibekezeleli iphunga likaviniga
Uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa ngobuningi, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali. UDecis, uSherpa, u-Aktara, u-Lightning baziveza ngendlela enhle kakhulu. Okunye ongakwenza yi-shampoo-proof shampoo yezilwane ezifuywayo (40-50 ml nge-10 l). Ungase futhi ubambe izimbungulu ngokwakha okuthile okufana nefulegi. Indwangu ifakwe enduku, igcotshwe ngokuthile okunamathelayo bese idlula esiqongweni se-radish.
Ama-butterfly Caterpillars
Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda amaqabunga, isizukulwane sokuqala sezibungu sidonsa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, esesibili ngoSepthemba. Amacimbi anemibala eluhlaza okotshani ayakudla ngokuzungeza lesi simila ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, eshiya ama-petioles kuphela emaqabungeni e-radish.
Akukholakali ukuthi kuzoba nengadi engakaze ibone uvemvane, udada omhlophe, owaziwa nangokuthi iklabishi
Lapho kuvela uvemvane lokuqala engadini, ukuze lubavimbele ekubekeni amaqanda, inhlabathi nezitshalo uqobo kufafazwa nge-infusions yanoma imiphi amakhambi enephunga elicijile (umhlonyane, iziqongo zamatamatisi, i-rosemary, i-basil, i-sage). Kwamakhemikhali i-Entobacterin, Bitoxibacillin, Lepidocide asetshenziselwa injongo efanayo. Usengakwazi ukuqinisa umbhede ngesigaxa esihle, engeza amaconsi ambalwa we-lavender kawoyela obalulekile noma noma yiziphi izi-citruse emanzini wokunisela. Izicupho zilengelwa eceleni kwaso - sinqume amabhodlela epulasitiki agcwele isiraphu kashukela, uju noma ujamu buhlanjululwe ngamanzi. Umphumela ofanayo unikezwa ngeteyiphu enamathela ekubambeni izimpukane.
Amacimbi ama-larvae ayakwazi ukudla isitshalo esikhathini sezinsuku
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayelulekwa ukuba "bakhohlise" izimvemvane ngokusakaza izingcezu zama-egghell engadini. Izinambuzane zabo zinephutha "lezihlobo" futhi ziyandiza, ziqiniseka ukuthi "indawo isivele ithathiwe."
Amakhethini abhujiswa ngosizo lweKinmix, Sumi Alpha, Actellik. Ungabenza bashiye ingadi ngokunqothula inhlabathi ngomlotha wezinkuni oxutshwe nanoma isiphi isipuni noma lwesinaphi - lwesinaphi, isinamoni, isafroni, nojinja.
Impukane iklabishi endiza
Kungadala ukulimala okukhulu kwama-radish Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi walo livela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni (ungagxila ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwezimbali ze-lilac ne-bird cherry). Ngaleso sikhathi nje, abalimi basebenza ngentshiseko ngesiko. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi, izibungu zingena ezimpandeni zizidle zisuka ngaphakathi, zilimaze kakhulu izilimo ezivelayo zezimpande, bese zidlulela kuma-petioles. Lesi sitshalo siyaphela, amaqabunga athola ukungabi nalutho okwemvelo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izimpukane zeklabishi labadala azilimazi izitshalo, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi azidingi ukuthi zilwe
Ukwesabisa iklabishi ukundiza, umbhede ufafazwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5 kuqhume amahlumela ngenhlanganisela yothuli lwegwayi nge-camphor kanye neqabunga elomile le-bay elichotshoziwe laba yindawo enempuphu. Ngaseceleni komngcele nangezindlela, kunconywa ukutshala ama-marigolds, iparsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, coriander. Njenge-mulch, kusetshenziswa izinto ezinokuthungwa okungaqinile - ukusikwa kwezinkuni, sawdust. Zonke izindlela ziyasebenza futhi ukwethusa izimvemvane zomkhomo.
Iklabishi fly izibungu zihlasela ngokusebenzisa izimpande zezitshalo
Uma kwenzeka ukuhlasela okukhulu kwezibungu, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali. UKarate, u-Antio, u-Iskra-Bio, uRovikurt bazibonakalise ngendlela enhle kakhulu. Futhi azibekezeleli i-ammonia noviniga. Kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, i-5 ml yanele.
Isiphazamisi se-Crucifer
Kunzima kakhulu ukuthi ungaboni ukuthi inkathazo isematheni. Umbala wayo obomvu onsundu futhi omnyama uqhekeka kahle ngamahlamvu aluhlaza aqhakazile. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda amaqabunga; ukuqandusela abantu ababodwa ezinhlamvwini zamaqabunga nakweminye imfucumfucwana yesitshalo. Baphuma bexutshwe engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, isikhathi somsebenzi wabo siyaqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Isithombo sithola umonakalo omkhulu kwisimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile. Izimbungulu zombhede zidla ujusi wezitshalo. Lapho zilimaze khona imishini, “amanxeba” asala, ajika kancane kancane abe yizindawo zezicubu ezifile ezinomngcele ophuzi.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuqaphela isiphazamisi esibethelwe emthini
Isipiliyoni sabalimi sifakazela ukuthi inkathazo ayibekezeleli iphunga lokukhipha ubudoda. Kuyasiza ukutshala lesi sitshalo nxazonke yensimu ngama-radada noma usifafaze ngezikhathi ezithile ngokufaka okuluhlaza okotshani. Umphumela omuhle wezinsuku ama-tampon amunyiswe ngophalafini noma nge-turpentine futhi abekwa phakathi kwemigqa.
I-tansy etshalwe eduzane izovikela ingadi ngempumelelo ngama-radats kusuka umkhaza obethelwayo
Ngemuva kokuthola izinambuzane zokuqala ezitshalweni, ungavele uziqoqe ngesandla. Ukubenza bahambe, ama-radad kanye nenhlabathi engadini kufafazwe nge-infusions ye-chamomile, i-anyanisi husks. Amakhemikhali asebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu yiFanishtsid, Belofos, Aktara.
Iklabishi Moth
Ibhabhathane elinombala onsundu ongabonakali lilimaza izitshalo. Okungeke kushiwo ngamabele akhe. Amacimbi aphuzi, aguqula umbala kancane kancane abe luhlaza wesaladi, adle imigudu emide emathanjeni weqabunga. Bese befika ebusweni baqhubeke nokudla kubo. Amahlamvu athintekile ayaphela futhi omile. Ukusuka ekushwabeni, izinambuzane zivuka, lapho nje umoya ufudumala ufike ku-10 ° C, umsebenzi wazo awumi kuze kube ngu-Okthoba-Novemba. Umonakalo omkhulu we-radishing ubangelwa ukushisa ngokungabikho kwemvula isikhathi eside.
Iklabishi Moth - uvemvane nondescript kakhulu
Amakhambi e-Folk ekulweni nesibulala zinambuzane awanikezi mphumela ekhethekile. Isilinganiso esiphezulu abangakwazi ngaso - sinciphisa kancane umsebenzi wamathrekhi. Kunconyiwe, ngokwesibonelo, ukumnika kwe-lavender eyomile noma ikhasi noma yiliphi i-citrus. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ubabhubhise, kufanele uguqukele kumakhemikhali - i-Ambush, Nurell-D, Talkord. Izimvemvane zabantu abadala ziyasaba zisebenzisa izindlela ezinconyelwe ukulawula i-whitewash.
Izindlela zokwelapha abantu ekulweni nezibungu ze-iklabishi ezinamabhuleki azisebenzi
Ngesizathu esithile, banothando olukhethekile oluphuzi. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ngokwenza izicupho kusuka ezingxenyeni zekhadibhodi noma nge-plywood yomthunzi ohambisanayo, kufakwe okuthile okunamathelayo futhi komile isikhathi eside.
Iklabishi Umlilo
Ubhabhathane ophuzi obomvu onamabala amfushane ansundu nemivimbo emaphikweni. Kuholela empilweni yobusuku obusebusuku, ngakho-ke kunzima impela ukubona ukubonakala kwayo ngesikhathi. Amacimbi alo, ngokungathi kunjalo, asusa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwezicubu emaqabungeni, eshiya “izingqi” - amasango azo zonke izinhlobo zezifo nezinye izinambuzane. Ikakhulu ukulimala okuphathelene kahle kuyabonakala ngaphakathi kweshidi.
Kunenkinga ukuqaphela ukuvela komlilo weklabishi - kubonakalisa umsebenzi ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
Abadala babhujiswa yizicupho. Umthombo okhanyayo ubekwa ebhodleleni lepulasitiki elinyosiwe, uthambisa izindonga zawo ngento enamathele. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-Bitoxibacillin, i-Dendrobacillin. Ngokumelene namacimbi, umphumela omuhle kakhulu unikezwa amalungiselelo Anometrin, Ripkord, Sumitsidin, Gomelin. Uma bekwazile ukuqaphela ukubukeka kwabo ngesikhathi, amakhambi esintu asiza kahle, kepha awanawo umthelela omubi kumaqanda omlilo. Isithombo nenhlabathi engadini kunconyelwa ukuba iphathwe ukufakwa komlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe, iziqongo zamatamatisi.
Amacimbi omlilo weklabishi angaxoshwa emibhedeni ngosizo lwamakhambi abantu, kodwa amaqanda ngeke ahlupheke kulokhu
Uvivi okhunjiwe
Imbungulu yesilo esidlwenguliwe idwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma omnqumo ngombala omdaka onsundu bese isisu sikhanya kancane. Umuntu omdala mncane kakhulu - ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-6mm mm, umzimba nezingalo kune-saffron hue ekhanyayo, inhloko imnyama, sengathi imbozwe nge-varnish. Isidleke esidliwayo sishiya cishe ngokuphelele, sishiya ama-petioles kuphela. Ama-radish ayoma futhi afe, izimpande zezitshalo azakhi. I-horticulturist engenzi lutho ingalahlekelwa yi-80-95% yesilimo esiphelele.
Imbabazane eyi-rapeseed, njengoba igama lisho, inomkhuba okhethekile wokudlwengulwa, kepha ingazideli izikhala
Ukuvimbela, imbewu enwebayo ifakwe imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokutshala kwisisombululo seKarate noma i-Actellik. Abantu abadala basaba kude nokutshala besebenzisa iBitoxibacillin. Ukusuka kumakhambi abantu wokwelapha izitshalo nenhlabathi, ungasebenzisa i-infusions ye-chamomile, izinaliti, i-tansy, i-aconite (eyokugcina inobuthi kakhulu). Amakhethini abhubhisa ngempumelelo iMospilan, Kinmiks, Arrivo, Fury. Uma zimbalwa zazo okwamanje, ungafafaza izithombo ezixutywe emanzini nge-calcined noma i-baking soda, i-mustard powder (40-50 g nge-10 l).
Ama-insecticides amaningi ajwayelekile, asetshenziselwa ukulawula izibungu ze-rap.
Izimbali eziqhamukile
Isinambuzane sibukeka sisihle - sinezimnyama ezimnyama, elangeni libonisa umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza (ngoba lokhu ukweleta igama lakhe lesidlaliso "glitter" noma "glitter"). Ulindela ubusika ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi, lapho nje umoya ufudumala ufike ku-10º12, uvuke uphumele ngaphandle. Njengomthetho, kudala umonakalo omkhulu wokudlwengulwa (yingakho igama), ukudla izimbali kusuka ngaphakathi, kepha kungadeleli ezinye i-Cruciferous (ngisho zasendle), ikakhulukazi, isithombo. Ukulahleka kwezitshalo kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-70%. Kuya ngokuthi umlimi ulwa nenhloso kanjani inkathazo. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi walo lihlala kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni.
Izimbali zamabhungane eziphindwayo zivuthwa kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo
Amakhambi abantu kule ndaba awanikezi mphumela. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuthola abantu bokuqala ezitshalweni, kusetshenziswa noma yiziphi izinambuzane eziseqenjini le-pyrethroid. Abathandwa kakhulu kubo yiKarate, iZeon, iKinmix, i-Fastak. Ungazama ukuyi "phambukisa" kusuka ku-radish ngokutshala ukudlwengula noma i-colza eseduze.
Amahlahla nje amathathu ayi-2 ehlutshiwe atshalwe engadini angaphazamisa ubhungane we-canola ezitshalweni ezibaluleke kakhulu zensimu
Slug
Ama-mollusks ama-Shell-grey-beige mollusks adla izitshalo ezimpande nama-radish greens. Bangakwazi ukubhubhisa amahlumela amasha ngokuphelele. Ngokucatshangwa kwabadala, izimbotshana ezinkulu ezinamaqabunga amaqabunga ziyadliwa, ngokusebenzisa “imigudu” ezimpandeni zezitshalo zenziwa. Ukulandelela okunamathelayo kuhlala ngaphezulu, kubeka ilanga elangeni. Ama-Slugs awathandi ukushisa nomoya owomile, ngakho-ke akhetha ukufihla phakathi nosuku (ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kwamatshe, amabhodi, amaqabunga), okuholela ikakhulukazi kwindlela yokuphila yasebusuku.
Isithombo sithinteke kakhulu ngama-slugs siphulukana kakhulu nokusebenza nokubukeka
Kunzima kakhulu ukususa ama-slugs. Kulula kakhulu ukubavimbela ekubonakaleni engadini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yakha izicupho eziningana - amathangi ajulile ambiwa enhlabathini, cishe uhhafu ugcwele iklabishi elikhethiweyo, i-kvass, ubhiya, i-compote egayiwe noma ujamu. Izimpande zezilimo zezimpande zizungezwe “isithiyo” somlotha wezinkuni, ushoko ochotshoziwe, isihlabathi, izinaliti, i-walnut yomhlaba noma amagobolondo amaqanda. Emibhedeni ezungeze nasezitaladini, kutshalwa noma yimiphi imifino enuka kamnandi nezinye izitshalo ezinephunga elibukhali. Ungabeka futhi amaqabunga ama-nettle noma umhlonyane lapho.
Ama-Slugs awanayo ngisho nokuvikelwa okuncane, ngakho-ke izinaliti zisebenza njengesithiyo esingenakunqotshwa kuzo.
Ama-Slugs anezitha zemvelo - izinyoni, amasele, ama-hedgehogs. Ukuwaheha esizeni sakho akunzima kangako. Isibonelo, ungakha indlu yezinyoni noma ichibi elincane, uvumbulula amapuleti ubisi njalo njalo.
Ngemuva kokuthola abantu abaningana, ama-radad kanye nenhlabathi engadini kufafazwa nge-infusion yamakhonkolo we-chili noma i-mustard powder exutshwe emanzini. Kunezimo, noma zingavamile kakhulu, amacala okuhlasela okukhulu kwama-slugs. Ngemuva kwalokho awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali. Ukusuka ohlangothini oluhle kakhulu, izidakamizwa i-Meta, ukuduma, iSududge zizitusele ngokwazo.
Ividiyo: izindlela zokulwa nama-slugs
Ama-aphid
Kakhulu "omnivorous" inkathazo, hhayi ukudelela iningi izitshalo engadini. Isithombo asikho neze okuhlukile. I-Aphid yisinambuzane esincane sombala oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi-ulethisi noma umbala onsundu. Idla isithako sezitshalo, iwuhlasele wonke amakoloni. Izinambuzane eziningi zinamathela engxenyeni engaphansi yamaqabunga, ikakhulukazi intsha. Izindawo ezithintekile zezicubu ziyaqunjelwa; zibukeka njengamachashazi amancane entengo ye-beige kulumeni. Amaqabunga awonakalisiwe, aphenduke aphuzi futhi omile.
Ama-aphid athinta inqwaba yezitshalo zasengadini
Ama-aphid ahlala ku-Symbiosis eqinile ngezintuthwane. Akunakwenzeka ukuyikhipha ecebeni lengadi, uma ungayi emzabalazweni nalezi zinambuzane ngasikhathi sinye.
Akunakwenzeka ukususa ama-aphid engadini ngaphandle kokuqeda kuqala izintuthwane
Ama-aphid awathandi iphunga elinamandla eliqinile. Ngakho-ke, amakhambi abilayo, u-anyanisi, ugalikhi, i-fennel, ama-marigold, i-calendula, i-lavender ayoba omakhelwane abahle bama-radish. Eziningi zazo zingabathwali bezinyosi abalungile, okuheha ukunakwa kwesitha se-aphid yemvelo - i-ladybug. Ukusuka kokuluhlaza kwabo, ama-infusions alungiswa lapho izitshalo nomhlabathi kufafazwe. Ezinye izinto ezifanele zokusetshenziswa zingamaparele we-orange, izinaliti, amaqabunga kagwayi omisiwe, i-mustard powder.
Kukhona izitshalo, kunalokho, ezidonsela ama-aphid. Lokhu, isibonelo, i-nasturtium, i-petunia, i-viburnum, i-linden, i-bird cherry.
Ngemuva kokuthola abantu bokuqala, ama-radash afafazwa ngogwebu lwendlu, i-potash eluhlaza noma isepha lensimbi. Ngemuva kwengxenye yehora, kuzodingeka ukuthi ihlanjwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngemuva kwalokho faka ama-infusions afanayo asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela, ukunciphisa izikhathi eziphakathi kokuwelapha kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-8-10 kuya kumahora angama-6-8.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kuhlaselwe i-aphid enkulu, kusetshenziswa noma yiziphi izinambuzane ezisebenza ngokujwayelekile. Izidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu yi-Inta-Vir, Confidor-Maxi, Iskra-Bio, Admiral, Tanrek.
Ividiyo: ungabhekana kanjani nama-aphid engadini
Babanuha
Leli bhungane lithinta ukutshala kweCrcciferous, kufaka phakathi isithombo, iningi leRussia, ngaphandle kweMpumalanga Ekude NaseMpumalanga iSiberia. Umbala wakhe uyathakazelisa kakhulu - umzimba oluluhlaza okotshani onamachopho ansundu. U-Elytra kube sengathi ukukhululeka, amasenti ayisishiyagalombili abonakala kahle ekhanda, afana namachashazi. IBhungane liqala ukukhombisa umsebenzi ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
I-Babanuha yaziwa nangokuthi "mabhungane amaqabunga amaqabunga"
Kancane kancane inkathazo idla ipuleti lamaqabunga, “icwebe” izingqimba zezicubu. Amaqabunga aba mncane, athole umthunzi ogqamile ongewona owemvelo, abe sengathi "ubolile". Ngokusebenzisa izimbobo kancane kancane kuvela ngemiphetho edwenguliwe. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda emiqhekeni ezithweni ezithintekile, izibungu zobusika enhlabathini.
Ukuvimbela, inhlabathi embhedeni ifafazwa ngengxube yomlotha nge-mustard powder kanye nopelepele oshisayo womhlabathi. Isithombo ngokwaso sifafazwe uviniga buhlanjululwe ngamanzi (i-15-20 ml yangempela ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Ezinye amakhambi athandwayo abantu - ukumnika eziqongweni utamatisi, chamomile, yarrow.
Sika ama-stepons we-utamatisi angasetshenziselwa ukwenza ukumnika okuxosha izinambuzane eziningi
Ezitshalweni, amabhungane athambile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungavele uwaqoqe ngesandla. Kepha kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Kushesha kakhulu ukubanyakazisa esofeni lamafutha noma ephephandabeni elisakazeke embhedeni. Kungcono ukwenza inqubo ekuseni kakhulu lapho engakhombisi umsebenzi omningi. Kuma-insecticides, uSherpa, u-Angio, uFury, u-Actara asebenza kakhulu.
Isithombo singesinye sezilimo ezilula ukuzikhulisa. Ukumnakekela, empeleni, kuncishiswa kube kuncane okudingekayo. Imifino ihlushwa yizifo nezinambuzane kunqabukela, kepha noma kunjalo ayivikeleki ngokuphelele kulokhu. Ukugwema ukulahleka kwengxenye ebalulekile noma konke okutshaliwe, amasimu kufanele ahlolwe njalo ukuthola izimpawu ezisolisayo. Futhi uma lezi zikhonjwe, sebenzisa amakhambi abantu anconywayo noma amakhemikhali. Into enhle ukungakhohlwa ngezindlela zokuvimbela. Njengomthetho, zanele ngokwanele ukugwema ukutheleleka.
