Isithombo esithwala amafutha yisitshalo esithwala uju nesitshalo, esivame ukusetshenziswa njengomanyolo wemvelo. Isifunda esivela ku-Asia, lapho sekuyisikhathi eside isithombo sisatshalaliswa njengemifino.
Njengamanje, lesi sitshalo asitholakali endle, kodwa sikhuliswa ngobuningi eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu.
Lesi sihloko sitshela ngezinto ezizuzisayo zalesi sitshalo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuphekeni, ukukhiqiza izilwane, i-cosmetology nezinye izindawo, kanye nendlela yokutshala isithombo se-oilseed.
Kuyini lokhu?
Isitshalo samafutha esitshalo - isitshalo se-herbaceous, unyaka owodwa, singowomndeni wesithwathwa. Amahlamvu ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amahlumela anamandla futhi ahlanganiswa, angafinyelela amamitha amabili ukuphakama. Amaqabunga anesimo sangempela, esinobunzima, futhi isithelo, ngokungafani nesihlobo esiseduzane, isithombo, hhayi isivuno sempande, kodwa i-pod enezinhlamvu. Izimbali ezincane zingase zibe nombala ohlukile: ezimhlophe, i-lilac, pink.
Isithombe
Uzobona isithombe sembewu yalokhu yemifino futhi uqobo lwakhe:
Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali
Ukuqukethwe kwamafutha emifino yokuhluma amafutha kufike ku-39-50%, umswakama u-11.5%, i-fibre 8.3%, amaprotheni angu-23.9%.
Ukwakhiwa kwamafutha kuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zama-acids.njenge:
- i-palmitic;
- i-stearic;
- i-arachin;
- behenova;
- ukuqhuma;
- i-oleic;
- i-linoleic;
- linolenic
Ngaphezu kwamafutha anamanoni, imbewu yokusanhlamvu iqukethe amafutha abalulekile. Inani elikhulu lamasiko liqukethe:
- i-phosphorus;
- i-potassium;
- i-calcium;
- i-magnesium;
- i-zinc;
- insimbi
Izinhlobonhlobo zesaladi zingasetshenziswa njengomthombo:
- imifino yamaprotheni;
- i-carotene;
- i-vitamin C;
- antioxidants.
Amaqabunga aqukethe ama-3 amagremu. i-squirrel, i-6 gr. ama-carbohydrate, kanye nokuqukethwe kwawo kwe-caloric yi-kcal 30 ngamagremu angu-100.
Qaphela! I-Lettuce amaqabunga omhluzi akwazi ukubuthelela i-nitrate, ngakho-ke uma ukhula akufanele usebenzise inkukhu yezinkukhu noma umquba omusha. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo obunzima we-mineral!
Yini esetshenziselwa?
I-siderat ephelele
Ukuthuthukisa kahle impofu, idlulile, inhlabathi yobumba. Uma izwe lixhashazwa ngokweqile, ngokuvamile akwanele ngisho nokusebenzisa umanyolo obunzima obunamaminerali. Kulesi simo, umanyolo wemvelo uyoba usizo.
Ama-siderate, afaka isithombo sokuhluma amafutha, angumthombo wezakhi ezitshalweni eziyinhloko, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuyadingeka impilo yomhlabathi ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwezitshalo ngokushesha. Ngenxa yesimiso esinamandla, isithombo sesiphuzo esiphundukwayo sikhipha ngisho nenhlabathi enamandla kunawo wonke okuqukethwe ngobumba obuphezulu, idlulisela izakhi ezinomsoco ezivela ezindaweni ezijulile zenhlabathi kuya phezulu, yingakho ukuzala kwayo kukhula ngokushesha.
Lesi sitshalo siphumelele ekuvikeleni inhlabathi ekukhuliseni. - i-leaching izakhi ngemvula nomoya. Uma ungasusi izitshalo ebusika, zizoqamba iqhwa futhi inhlabathi entwasahlobo izogcwala ngamanzi aqhakazile.
Ngenxa yobuningi bamafutha abalulekile, isithombo sewoyela sisusa ngokuphelele inhlabathi e-wireworm, izifo eziningana zefungal, njengama-mbatata isikhumba kanye ne-rhizoctoniosis, okubangela ukuba "udoti" olungabonakali lube khona.
Amahlamvu aminyene avimbela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kokhula, ikakhulukazi i-wheatgrass. Ngemuva kokutshala, isitshalo se-radish sisebenza njengendawo yokuzalanisa izinambuzane zemvelo nezinzuzo ezincane.
Isitshalo semifino
Izinzuzo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalezi zilimo zezitshalo zokutshala zikhula ngokuvuthwa kanye nokuvunwa okuphezulu. Futhi, ngenxa yokungathobeki kokulima nokumelana nama-frosts, ukutshalwa kwe-radish isithombo kukuvumela ukuba uhambe izilwane udle kuze kube sekwindla.
Isidakamizwa sinomsoco, sicebile amaprotheni, sinikeza ubuningi obuningi obuhlaza, okuyinto enikelwa izinkomo zombili ezihlanzekile futhi njenge-silage, utshani utshani, ama-briquettes. Ukuze uthole ukondla kungcono ukutshala ngemifino, okusanhlamvu ne-sunflower.
I-Medonos
Ngenxa yenkathi ende yezimbali, isithombo se-oilseed isithelo esihle kakhulu senyosi. Ngisho nangenkathi epholile, izimbali zalesi sitshalo ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza i-nectar nokuheha izinyosi. Uju lunomunandi omnandi kakhulu futhi lukhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukushiya ebusika emaqanda.
Ekuphekeni
Kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile zokushukela amafutha, engeniswe eRussia evela eNingizimu Korea. Bazizwa bekhululekile ngenkathi epholile, ebenza bakhule kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Amaqabunga emva kokuqhakaza alahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwawo, ukuze asetshenziswe ukudla ngaphambi kokukhula, ngokuvamile amasonto 4-5 emva kokutshala.
I-recipe ye-classic ye-vitamin isithombo sesaladi ihlanganisa:
- 3-4 izitshalo ezincane (unqume iziqu ebangeni elingamamitha amathathu ukusuka emhlabathini);
- ikhukhamba;
- ama-anyanisi entwasahlobo;
- amafutha yemifino;
- usawoti
Ezokwelapha
Ezamakhemikhali, amafutha abalulekile kanye nezitshalo zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amavitham complexes. Kanti futhi ngokuvamile isithombo samafutha kufakwe ekubunjweni kwe-herbal.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakho! Le teyi inciphisa ngokuphelele ukucindezeleka, iqede ikhanda.
E-cosmetology
I-emulsion ebalulekile yesithombo eyenziwe ukwengeza ekubunjweni kwamafutha okugcoba. Amafutha anjalo anethonya elincane lokushisa futhi akhuthaze ukuphumula. Ama-balsams nama-conditioner ane-oyelayo abalulekile angabaniki izinwele zibe uju elimnandi futhi zikwazi ukulwa.
Imifino yeSrovetide noma lwesinaphi - okungcono?
I-mustard, kanye nesithombo se-oilseed, yi-siderat ethandwa kakhulu. Zombili lezi zitshalo ziyingxenye yomndeni we-cruciferous, ngakho-ke zifana nokusebenza - zilungiselela ngokuphelele umhlaba:
- amazambane;
- utamatisi;
- u-squash;
- ukhukhamba;
- ikhasi elimnandi.
I-mustard nayo ayikwazi ukutshala njengesiqandisi seklabishi. Umehluko omkhulu wemifino ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezinhlobonhlobo zenhlabathi: ngakho-ke, isinaphi esimhlophe sivame kakhulu ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isithombo sishaya phansi, sibhekene nendawo enhle kakhulu.
Kuphi ukuthenga izinto zokutshala?
Imbewu ingathengwa cishe noma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile noma se-inthanethi sabalimi. Futhi eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu, lo mkhiqizo unikezwa ngamaketanga amakhulu okudayisa, njenge:
- I-OBI;
- I-Maxid;
- I-Auchan;
- Kulungile;
- Ithebula.
Imbewu ayithengi, izindleko zayo cishe ama-ruble angu-50-70 kilogram.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala?
Lapho plant yemifino shrovetide? Kuxhomeke enjongweni yomnikazi wesayithi. Ukufika kungenziwa kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Septemba.
Imifino yokuhlwanyelwa kwamafutha asekuqaleni isetshenziswa njengomquba ohlaza kanye nokudla kwezilwane. Izitshalo ezicebile kakhulu ezitshalwe ngo-Ephreli. Izitshalo ezisezingeni elizayo zilungiselela ukulungiselela inhlabathi ukutshala intwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi, ukubamba iqhwa nokuqhubeka nokugcwalisa inhlabathi ngamanzi aqhakazile, kanye nokuvikela inhlabathi ekuqandeni ngokweqile.
Isikhathi sokufika sincike endaweni yesimo sezulu. - akufanelekile ukuhlwanyela enhlabathini efriziwe, iqhwa kufanele lihambe ngokuphelele.
Ukuhlwanyela kokugcina kungcono ukwenza izinsuku ezingaba ngu-40 ngaphambi kweqhwa. Ngomswakama okwanele, isithombo sokukhiqiza amafutha singahlonywa ngempumelelo ezindaweni zokulima kakhulu.
Imbewu yokusetshenziswa
Izinga lokutshala ngezinxenye eziyikhulu - 200-400 amagremu, ku-1 hectare ukusetshenziswa kuyinto 8-16 kilograms imbewu. Batshala ukuphakela izinkomo, ngoba imbewu yezinhlanzi izobamba kancane. Emva kwesikhathi ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa, kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwembewu, emva kuka-Agasti, izinga lokutshala kabili.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokuthi ungatshala kanjani emhlabathini
Izwe kufanele liqale likhululiwe, ukumba ngokujulile akudingeki. Umlimi ophelele noma u-ploskorez Fokin. Kunconywa ukuba uhlale ngosuku olupholile, olunamvula. Uma utshalwa ekushiseni, umkhiqizo wezinhlamvu ungase ube nesigamu. Ukujula kokuhlwanyela kungamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-4, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa liyi-0, 15 amamitha - uma ukuhlwanyela umquba ohlaza noma ukondla imfuyo, 40 cm - uma ukutshala kungokuqoqwa koju noma ukukhiqizwa kwenzalo.
Ukuze kube lula, imbewu yokuhlwanyela ingaxubaniswa nesihlabathi esinamafutha, i-seeder CH-16 esetshenziselwa ukuthengisa.
Sinikeza ukubukela ividiyo ukuthi ungatshala kanjani isithombo se-oilseed kusayithi lakho:
Ubuchwepheshe bokulima
Amahlumela okuqala azovela ngosuku olungu-4-5, ngenkathi ebandayo - ngosuku olungu-9-10. Okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu esimweni sezulu esifudumele, ngaphansi komswakama ophezulu. Ngakho-ke, isithombo samafutha sidinga ukuchelela okunamandla. Futhi, isithombo samafutha sokuthuthukiswa okuhle sidinga ilanga.
Emhlabathini we-sod-podzolic, isivuno sidinga umanyolo, Ngenxa yalokhu, i-lime nomlotha zifakwa ezingxenyeni ezingenhla, kanye nezinsimbi zamaminerali ezicebisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Kubalulekile! Kudingekile ukuhlwanyela isikhala esiluhlaza ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba ukuhluma kwesitshalo kufaka ukuthi kungenzeki ukuwusebenzisa njengokudla kwemfuyo!
Ukugubha
- Ngezinhloso zefolda, ukugaya kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba izimbali ziqale - lokhu kunguzinsuku ezingaba ngu-40-45 emva kokuhlwanyela.
- Ukuze uthole ubusika obusika - amaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokutshala.
- Ngokulima okuthuthukiswa kwempilo - amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Ukuphakama kokusika ekuguleni kokuqala akumelwe kube ngaphansi kwamamentimitha angu-6-8, uma kungenjalo, ngeke kube khona ukukhula okujulile ngemuva kwalokho.
Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kanye nokwakhiwa komanyolo wemvelo wemvelo kusuka ebusweni obuluhlaza kuyadingeka ukuthi inhlabathi inamanzi!
Izifo nezinambuzane
Isitha esiyinhloko salesi siko siyisikhukhula esikhulu. Uma kwenzeka kwenzeka, izitshalo ziphathwa ngamalungiselelo amakhemikhali; ukutholakala kwangaphambili kwembewu ye-TMTD (i-thiram 400 g / l) nakho kunikeza umphumela omuhle.
Okuhlukile
Kanye nesithombo se-oilseed, sideratami enhle kakhulu engadini kanye nemifino yemifino yilezi:
- isinaphi;
- ukudlwengulwa kwentwasahlobo;
- ibhukwakhe;
- i-rye;
- i-oats;
- ukolweni;
- lupine.
Uma indawo yemibhede incane, Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zesithombo sejwayelekile zingaba yindlela ehlukile:
- Odessa 5;
- Unkulunkulukazi ohlaza;
- Kwangathi;
- Sudarushka.
Njengoba usitshale ngoMashi, kungenzeka ukuvuna isitshalo sezitshalo ezihlwabusayo kakade emva kwezinsuku ezingu-30-60 futhi ukhulule umbhede ukhukhamba notamatisi. Lesi sitshalo sizoba umanyolo omuhle kakhulu.
E-Russia, ungathenga imbewu yezimila ezithandwa ngamafutha e-radish:
- Sabina;
- Nick;
- Prygazhunya;
- I-Brutus;
- Rainbow;
- Tambovchanka.
